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Chapter sections Résumé pp. 275-275 Abstract pp. 275-276 Introduction pp. 276-277 Première partie. Les dommages exceptionnels à l'environnement pp. 277-311 Deuxième partie. L'indemnisation des dommages exceptionnels à l'environnement pp. 311-328 Notes et références pp. 328-356 This chapter is part of: Colloques | Workshop Series > The future of the international law of the environment Chapter information DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789024732395.13-514.65 Pages in print edition: 275-356 Colloques | Workshop Series Publication Editor: Académie de droit international de La Haye Brill…

C. Pryles, Michael Keywords: Accountability | Private international law | Mots clefs: Responsabilité | Droit international privé | ABSTRACT Michael Pryles, Professor at the University of Sydney, emphasizes that in the introduction to his course non-contractual obligations are one of the most fascinating areas of private international law. The revolution that took place during the 1980s and before in the United States with regard to the determination of applicable law has largely unfolded in this area. Professor Pr…

Von Hoffmann, Bernd Keywords: Privatization | Comparative law | Private international law | Mots clefs: Privatisation | Droit comparé | Droit international privé | ABSTRACT Privatization is of interest to the lawyer. It is necessary to transform political decisions into laws to achieve privatization. In this course, Bernd von Hoffmann provides an introduction to the situation of state-owned enterprises and privatization of public enterprises. The author deals with privatization techniques by focusing on the legal struct…

Piontek, Eugeniusz Keywords: European Economic Community | Customs law | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade | Customs union | Mots clefs: C.E.E. | Régime douanier | Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce | Union douanière | ABSTRACT In this course devoted to European integration and international law of economic interdependence, Eugeniusz Piontek, director of the department of European law at the University of Warsaw, focuses his attention on four topics that have a global dimension, to see how the Community pattern…

Oda, Shigeru Keywords: International Court of Justice | Judicial settlement of international disputes | Mots clefs: Cour internationale de Justice | Règlement judiciaire des différends internationaux | ABSTRACT In this course devoted to the International Court of Justice as viewed from the bench, Shigeru Oda, judge and former vice-president of the International Court of Justice, attempts to present the institution from an institutional and functional point of view. Shigeru Oda intends to give a general overview of the Cour…

D. Kerameus, Konstantinos Keywords: Judicial competence | Mots clefs: Compétence judiciaire | ABSTRACT In this course, Konstantinos Kerameus, Professor at the University of Athens, draws up a report of the mutual and gradual convergence of international law and the enforcement of foreign law. The first part of the course concerns recent codifications and case-law developments in the field of enforcement, both on the national level and in attempts to introduce international harmonization. The second part disc…

Zemanek, Karl Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Karl Zemanek proposes to focus his general course on public international law on the role that the fundamental rules of public international law play in the functioning of the international system, those rules that constitute the legal foundation of public international law. Since these rules are the foundations of a political system, they must be viewed in their political context. This approach makes it neces…

I. Charney, Jonathan Keywords: International courts | Public international law | Mots clefs: Tribunaux internationaux | Droit international public | ABSTRACT In this course, Jonathan I. Charney, Professor at Vanderbilt University, Nashville wonders if the coherence of international law is threatened by the increasing number of international tribunals. Professor Charney endeavours to answer this question by investigating various themes: treaty interpretation and reservations, sources of international law, State respo…

A. L. Droz, Georges Keywords: Public notaries | Private international law | Mots clefs: Notariat | Droit international privé | ABSTRACT Georges Droz, former Secretary-General of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, starts by describing the notarial function both in countries that have a proper notarial system (countries known as belonging to the latin notarial system) and in those countries where, even if the institution is not very widespread, the notarial function is nevertheless exerted. The author …

A. Grigera Naón, Horacio Keywords: International commercial arbitration | Mots clefs: Arbitrage commercial international | ABSTRACT The objective of this course by M. Grigera Naón is to describe solutions given to choice-of-law problems by international commercial arbitrators. Only ICC arbitration awards will be considered and, accordingly, only rules and practices governing the conduct of ICC arbitrations and influencing choice-of-law determinations by international commercial arbitrators will be taken into ac…

C. Symeonides, Symeon Keywords: United States of America | Conflict of laws | Mots clefs: Etats-Unis d’Amérique | Droit interrégional | ABSTRACT Symeon Symeonides, Dean of devotes this course to a phenomenon known as a "revolution" in private international law in the United States, which more precisely relates to the law of conflicts of law. Symeonides studies the historic background of this phenomenon, but also looks towards the future to try to discover what the next step in the evolution of American conflicts law …

Roucounas, Emmanuel Keywords: Individuals | Public international law | Mots clefs: Individus | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Emmanuel Roucounas, Professor at the University of Athens, devotes his general course on public international law to the question of the status of the individual in public international law. Professor Roucounas starts by describing the divided character of the legal theory concerning the individual's status in public international law, and then develops his subject in four steps. In…

Reed, Lucy Keywords: International crises | Public international law | Private international law | International dispute settlement | Iran-United States Claims Tribunal | United Nations Compensation Commission | North Korea | Nuclear energy | Mots clefs: Crises internationales | Droit international public | Droit international privé | Solution des différends internationaux | Tribunal irano-américain de réclamations | Commission de compensation des Nations Unies | Corée du Nord | Energie nucléaire | ABSTRACT Lucy Reed, partner at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP in…

Draetta, Ugo Keywords: InternE-commerce | International commercial law | Mots clefs: Internet | Commerce électronique | ABSTRACT In his course on the Internet and e-commerce, Ugo Draetta, Professor at the Catholic University of Milan, first of all points to the erosion of the normative State monopoly regarding legal relations between private individuals as a consequence of the globalisation of trade, which is accompanied by an empirical phenomenon: the birth of an international law for private individuals (unifo…

Bedjaoui, Mohammed Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT This article by Mohammed Bedjaoui, Former President of the International Court of Justice, is the second part of his course on Humanity in Search for Peace and Development (published in volumes 324 and 325 of the Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law). This volume includes the end of the first part (peace, a conquest..., which remains a quest), devoted to the pacifying function of th…

Y. Gotanda, John Keywords: Damages | Compensation for damage | Private international law | Punitive damages | Mots clefs: Dommages-intérêts | Compensation | Droit international privé | Dommages-intérêts extravagants comme pénalité | ABSTRACT With the emergence of the global economy, disputes between transnational contracting parties have increased in number, size and complexity. In these transnational disputes, claims for damages are growing in frequency. This course by John Gotanda, Professor at Villanova University School of …

Vrellis, Spyridon Keywords: Norms | Private international law | Cultural Diversity and Private International Law | Mots clefs: Normes | ABSTRACT In this course, Spyridon Vrellis, Professor at the University of Athens, invites us to ask ourselves if it is possible and appropriate in conflicts or in the coordination of values in private international law, to take a step ahead and move from a weighing of interests towards an evaluation of the solutions on the basis of fundamental values; from Interessenjurisprudenz tow…

I. — Généralités. En arabe, le mot nafṭ (persan naft) s’applique à la forme la plus pure ( ṣafwa) du bitume de Mésopotamie ( ḳīr – ou ḳār – bābilī). Il est naturellement ¶ blanc. On en rencontre parfois du noir que l’on peut blanchir en le sublimant. Le nafṭ est efficace contre la cataracte et le leucome; il a la propriété d’attirer le feu à distance, sans contact immédiat. Mélangé à d’autres produits (graisses, huile, soufre, etc.) qui le rendent plus comburant et plus adhésif, il constituera l’élément essentiel du «feu grégeois», composition incendiaire liquide …

(a.) signifie en général simplement «bois, morceau de bois, planche, poteau» (pis. aʿwād, ʿīdān). I. Dans la vie quotidienne 1. Le ʿūd en tant que parfum et encens mais aussi comme remède Dans la materia medica arabe, le mot désigne le «boisd’aloès» comme on l’appelle. Cette appellation, utilisée dans le commerce, est conventionnelle mais inexacte car l’aloès s’appelle ṣabr [ q.v.]. Le ʿūd se réfère à certaines espèces de bois résineux, foncés, de masse spécifique élevée et à l’arôme intense, qui étaient utilisés en médecine comme parfum et encens ( ʿūd al-bak̲h̲ūr) et très recherchés…

, capitale de l’Égypte et un des principaux centres de la vie religieuse, culturelle et politique du monde musulman. La ville est bâtie sur les deux rives du Nil (30o 6’ de lat. N. et 31o 26’ de long. E.) à l’endroit où la montagne Muḳaṭṭam descend presque jusqu’au fleuve. Ce lieu stratégique dominant l’accès à la Basse Égypte fut habité dès l’antiquité, mais gagna une importance primordiale lors de l’invasion arabe en 22/643, quand ‘Amr b. al-ʿĀṣ jeta les bases d’un campement stable à al-Fusṭāt. Le nom actuel est dérivé de Miṣr al-Ḳāhira, ville construite en 359/970 par le calife fāṭim…