, a name applied to a sect of S̲h̲īʿī extremists ( g̲h̲ulāt [ q.v.]), founded by the Kūfan heretic Bas̲h̲s̲h̲ār al-S̲h̲aʿīrī [ q.v.], a contemporary of the Imām Ḏj̲aʿfar al-Ṣādiḳ (d. 148/765 [ q.v.]). According to the Twelver S̲h̲īʿī (Imāmī) heresiographers, this man was repudiated by Ḏj̲ʿfar al-Ṣādiḳ because he deified ʿAlī and assigned to Muḥammad the rôle of ʿAlī’s messenger; he was also accused of preaching libertinism, the denial of divine attributes, and metempsychosis (Saʿd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḳummī, al-Maḳālāt wa ’l-firaḳ , ed. M.Ḏj̲. Mas̲h̲kūr, Tehr…

, S̲h̲īʿite heretic, flourished in the second century A.H. He lived in Kūfa and earned his living by selling barley ( s̲h̲aʿīr ), whence his name. According to the Minhād̲j̲ and the Muntahā , he was sometimes mistakenly referred to as al-As̲h̲ʿarī, instead of the correct al-S̲h̲aʿīrī. According to traditions related by al-Kas̲h̲s̲h̲ī, he was repudiated and disowned by the Imām D̲j̲aʿfar al-Ṣādiḳ ( Rid̲j̲āl 252-4; cf. 197, where ʿAbū Bas̲h̲s̲h̲ār al-As̲h̲ʿarīʾ is denounced as a liar, together with such notorious heretics as al-Mug̲h̲īra …