b. K̲h̲uzayma , an Arab tribe, genealogically related to Asad (b. K̲h̲uzayma) [ q.v.]. The territories of Kināna were around Mecca from the Tihāma on the south-west, where they were next to Hud̲h̲ayl, to the north-east where they bordered on Asad. There were six main subdivisions of the tribe, though more are sometimes mentioned: al-Naḍr (or Ḳays), the ancestor of Ḳurays̲h̲ [ q.v.], which is reckoned a separate tribe; Mālik; Milkān (or Malkān); ʿĀmir; ʿAmr; ʿAbd Manāt. The latter was further subdivided. Bakr b. ʿAbd Manāt was a strong group, ¶ and included as parts Mudlid̲j̲, al-Duʾi…

b. Mulayk b. Ḍamra b. Bakr b. ʿAbd Manāt b. Kināna , a small Arab tribe, being a subdivision of the Banū Ḍamra b. Bakr, who in their turn formed a branch of the Kināna. The G̲h̲ifār lived in the Ḥid̲j̲āz between Mecca and Medina; some of their abodes are mentioned by the geographers. Very little is known of their history in pre-Islamic times: one of their members is mentioned ( Ag̲h̲ānī 1, xix, 74, 5) in the brawls preceding the Fid̲j̲ār-war [ q.v.]. A quarrel between the G̲h̲ifār and the Banū T̲h̲aʿlaba b. Saʿd b. Ḏh̲ubyān is referred to in a poem quoted by Yāḳūt, Muʿd̲j̲am , i…

, a group of about 35 villages in a cultivated area on the Arabian Red Sea coast, latitude 18° 45′ N. An amīr appointed by the Saudi Arabian Government resided, in 1383/1963, at the chief village of al-Suffa, near the coastal road. The larger markets are here and at the neighbouring hamlet of Kiyād. Other important villages are al-S̲h̲iʿb, Kudwat al-Aʿwad̲j̲, and al-Bayḍayn, all of which had government elementary schools in 1383/1963. The agricultural economy of Ḥaly is based on the seasonal flo…

, an Ishmaelite tribe living at G̲h̲umaysāʾ, south-east of Mecca and not far from that city. Its genealogy is: Ḏj̲ad̲h̲īma b. ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd Manāt b. Kināna [ q.v.] etc. (Wüstenfeld, ¶ Register zu den genealogischen Tabellen , 175 ff., attributes the following facts to the D̲j̲ad̲h̲īma b. ʿAdī b. Duʾil b. Bakr b. ʿAbd Manāt, etc. (Table N), without apparent justification). There was an ancient grudge between the tribe of the D̲j̲ad̲h̲īma and that of the Ḳurays̲h̲, although there was kindred between them: before…

, a small volcanic island in the Red Sea in 17° 52’ N lat., called Kotumble on the English Admiralty charts and Qotanbul in Admiralty handbook, Western Arabia and the Red Sea, London 1946, 133. The island has a rich flora, which has been studied by the botanist Ehrenberg, and is noteworthy for its iron deposits, which are mentioned as early as the geographer Ibn al-Mud̲j̲āwir (d. 630/1233). Kudummul, which lies near Ḥamiḍa on the Arabian coast off ʿAsīr [ q.v.], once marked the boundary between the land of the Kināna and Yemen. (A. Grohmann) Bibliography al-Hamdānī, Ṣifat d̲j̲azīrat al-ʿArab,…

, a place on the road from Mecca to Medina, 23 miles from al-Ḏj̲uḥfa in the territory of Banū Ḍamra of Kināna. According to some authorities the name really belonged to a mountain situated there. Muḥammad’s mother, Āmina, is commonly said to have died there while returning from Medina to Mecca, and to be buried there; but she is sometimes said to be buried in Mecca (Ṭabarī, i, 980). The first expedition from Medina in which Muḥammad himself took part was to al-Abwāʾ and Waddān nearby. It is said…

“sacrilege”; ḥarb al-fid̲j̲ār “the sacrilegious war” is the name of a war waged towards the end of the 6th century A.D. during the holy months between the Ḳurays̲h̲ and Kināna on the one side and the Ḳays-ʿAylān (without the G̲h̲aṭafān) on the other. Our sources mention eight days on which fighting took place. The first three of them—usually put together as the first war but sometimes counted as the first three wars—were mere brawls. Of real importance w…

, the name of two valleys on the way from Mecca to al-Ṭāʾif, distinguished as S̲h̲aʾmiyya (Syrian, northern) and Yamāniya (Yemenite, southern). The name is presumably due to an abundance of palms ( nak̲h̲l) in the valleys. On a height in Syrian Nak̲h̲la there was an idol of al-ʿUzzā which was specially venerated by Ḳurays̲h̲ and Banū Kināna. Some regarded the circumambulation of al-ʿUzzā as an essential for the completion of the ḥad̲j̲d̲j̲ to the Kaʿba. Three Samura trees were closely associated with the deity. After the conquest of Mecca, Muḥa…

Aḥmad , Egyptian historian of the 12th/18th century. Nothing is known of his life beyond the fact that he held the post of katk̲h̲udā of the ʿAzabān regiment in Cairo, but he may have been a relative of the rūznāmed̲j̲i Ḥasan Efendi al-Damurdās̲h̲ī, who flourished in the early 11th/17th century, and about whose doings he is well informed). His chronicle, al-Durra al-muṣāna fī ak̲h̲bār al-kināna , covers the period 1099-1169/1688-1755. It reveals unfamiliarity with Arabic, and the sense is sometimes garbled or obscure. Nevertheless it is …

bt. Ḥuyayy b. Ak̲h̲ṭab . Muḥammad’s eleventh wife, was born in Medina and belonged to the Jewish tribe of the Banu ’l-Naḍīr [see al-naḍīr ]; her mother Barra bt. Samawʾal, the sister of Rifaʿa b. Samawʾal, was of the Banū Ḳurayẓa [ q.v.]. Her father and her uncle Abū Yāsir were among the Prophet’s most bitter enemies. When their tribe was expelled from Medina in 4 A.H., Ḥuyayy b. Ak̲h̲ṭab was one of those who settled in K̲h̲aybar [ q.v.], together with Kināna b. al-Rabīʿ, to whom Ṣafiyya was married at the end of 6 or early in 7 A.H.; her age at this time was about 17. The…

, ancient Arabic poet and leader of the Banū D̲j̲us̲h̲am b. Muʿāwiya, one of the most powerful Bedouin opponents of Muḥammad, born ca. 530. He is a prominent figure of Arabic pre-Islamic antiquity; to later generations, ¶ he was the embodiment of ancient paganism which fought stubbornly against Islam. His father was Muʿāwiya b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲, called al-Ṣimma, leader of the Banū D̲j̲us̲h̲am b. Muʿāwiya, who belonged to the group of the Hawāzin tribes, and lived between Mecca and Ṭāʾif. Despite the similarity in their religion, and their economic,…

, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, minor poet of the ʿAbbāsid period, d. 250/864. A mawlā of the Banū Layt̲h̲, which attached itself to Kināna, he was born and grew up at Baṣra. Before arriving at Sāmarrā, he had written no poetry. He seems to have received a double education: as a secretary, which enabled him to fill what were probably minor functions, and as a mutakallim , in which discipline he was said to be a disciple of Ḥusayn al-Nad̲j̲d̲j̲ār [ q.v.]. He is said to have been the first poet to speak about kalām in verse. It is not known how he came to find the favour of the great personage who was…

, an ancient fortified settlement situated some 60 km. to the south-east of Aleppo and 100 km. to the north-east of Ḥamāt, on a route through the desert—on the fringes of which it lies—connecting Aleppo with Bag̲h̲dād. The foundation of the place is attributed to K̲h̲unāsir(a) b. ʿAmr of the Banū Kināna (Ibn al-Kalbī-Caskel, Tab. 290 and ii, 349), but it is probably older than this. Yāḳūt (s.v.), who cites also al-K̲h̲unāṣir b. ʿAmr, the representative of Abraha al-As̲h̲ram, may be echoing a later legend. In the Umayyad period, this chef-lieu of the kūra of al-Aḥaṣ…

, people observing rigorous religious taboos, especially Ḳurays̲h̲ and certain neighbouring tribes. The word is the plural of aḥmas , “hard, strong (in fighting or in religion)”, but one of the Ḥums is called aḥmasī (fern, aḥmasiyya ). Ibn His̲h̲ām (126) thinks that taḥammus , the observance of the taboos in question, was an innovation of Ḳurays̲h̲ about the time of Muḥammad’s birth, and some changes may have been made to emphasize the superiority of Ḳurays̲h̲ to other tribes; but the nature of the taboos makes it li…

, the tribe inhabiting Mecca in the time of Muḥammad and to which he belonged; the name, which may be a nickname, is mostly (e.g. Ibn His̲h̲ām, 61) said to come from taḳarrus̲h̲ , “a coming together, association”; but it is also possible (cf. Ṭabarī, i, 1104) that it is the diminutive of ḳirs̲h̲ , “shark”, and it could then be a totemic name like Kalb, etc. (A man called Ḳurays̲h̲, other than Fihr, is mentioned in Nasab Ḳurays̲h̲ , 12.7-9.) The tribe is taken to consist of the descendants of Fihr, and he himself is sometimes spoken of as Ḳurays̲h̲; bu…

, paternal grandfather of Muḥammad. Passing through Medina on trading journeys to Syria, Hās̲h̲im b. ʿAbd Manāf married Salmā bint ʿAmr of the clan of ʿAdī b. al-Nad̲j̲d̲j̲ār of the Ḵh̲azrad̲j̲, by whom he had two children, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib (or S̲h̲ayba) and Ruḳayya. The mother and her son remained in her house in Medina, this apparently being the practice of her family in accordance with a matrilineal kinship system. Some time after Hās̲h̲im’s death his brother al-Muṭṭalib tried to strengthen h…

name of a distinguished S̲h̲āfiʿi family of the Mamlūk period, in Syria and Egypt, which produced a number of able jurists, notably Badr al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn D̲j̲amāʿa (639-733/1241-1333), his son ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (694-767/1294-1366), and his grandson Burhān al-Dīn Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm (725-790/1325-1388). Originally from Ḥamāt, in northern Syria, the ¶ Banū D̲j̲amaʿa traced their descent to the North Arab tribe of Kināna. The first member of the family to gain a modest reputation for Islamic learning was Burhān al-…

b. muḥammad b. yūsuf b. nāṣiḥ b. ʿaṭāʾ al-bayyānī , abū muḥammad , famous traditionist, philologist, historian and genealogist, mawlā of the Spanish Umayyads, ¶ who was born at Baena (Bayyāna) in the kūra of Cordova in 244/859 or 247/862 and died in the capital in 340/951-2. At Cordova, he was the pupil of Muḥammad b. Waḍḍāḥ, al-K̲h̲us̲h̲ānī and other noted scholars. In 274/887, he made an extended trip to the Orient, and in Mecca, Bag̲h̲dād, Egypt, Ḳayrawān and other cities acquired an education in tradit…

, appellation bestowed on the man who, according to tradition, was the first nasīʾ [ q.v.] of the Arabs, Ḥud̲h̲ayfa b. ʿAbd b. Fuḳaym b. ʿAdī, of the Banū Mālik b. Kināna; al-Marzubānī ( Muʿd̲j̲am , 250), however, echoes a tradition according to which al-Ḳalammas al-Akbar was ʿAdī, great-grandfather of Ḥud̲h̲ayfa, and al-Ṭabarī ( Tafsīr , Būlāḳ 1327/1909, x, 2) states that three men were the first to be designated nasīʾ, but he does not mention Ḥud̲h̲ayfa by name. However he does mention him in this respect in Annales , i, 1134. According to al-Masʿūdī (Murūd̲j…

(or, according to West-Arabic pronunciation al-Dīlī, nomen relativum from al-Duʾil b. Bakr, a clan of the Banū Kināna), ¶ a partisan of ʿAlī. His name (Ẓālim b. ʿAmr) and genealogy are uncertain; his mother belonged to the clan ʿAbd al-Dār b. Ḳuṣayy of Ḳurays̲h̲. He was probably born some years before the Hid̲j̲ra. In the caliphate of ʿUmar he went to Baṣra. He lived first among his own tribe, then among the Banū Hud̲h̲ayl, and for some time also among the Banū Ḳus̲h̲ayr, the kinsmen of his favourite wife; but hi…