Octavio, Rodrigo Keywords: America | Indians | Mots clefs: Amérique | Indiens | ABSTRACT When the European nations discovered and occupied the lands of the New World, they found them inhabited by many indigenous populations, who possessed their own territory and lived under a regime of which the Explorer, when landing on this territory, could neither know the essential aspects nor make the least idea. This is the starting point for Rodrigo Octavio’s study. After a presentation of the historical position of th…