H. M. Waldock C.M.G. O.B.E. Q.C., C. Keywords: Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT C. H. M. Waldock devotes his course to the regime of the use of force by States in international law. After presenting the issue in the light of international custom, he examines the regime established by the system of the League of Nations, and then the state of the issue under the Charter of the United Nations. He then focuses on the issue of legitimate-defense and self-def…

Pinto, Mónica Keywords: United Nations | Security Council | Charter | Use of force | International relations | Self-defence | International Court of Justice | Case-law | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Conseil de sécurité | Chartre | Force | Relations internationales | Défense légitime | Cour internationale de Justice | Jurisprudence | ABSTRACT The course of Mrs. Monica Pinto, Professor at the University of Buenos Aires, proposes to retrace the history of the characterizations of the use of force in the light of the jurisprudence of international court…

Migliazza, Alessandro Keywords: Human rights | Laws of war | Use of force | International relations | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Droits de l homme | Droit de la guerre | Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Alessandro Migliazza states that from the beginning of civilization, men faithful to the spirit of humanity have multiplied their efforts to prevent war and to regulate armed conflict. The efforts have laid the foundations of people’s rights: jus ad bellum and jus in bello are the first and perhaps the most important chapters in the science of int…

Klein, Pierre Keywords: United Nations | Terrorism | International peace and security | International politics | Use of force | International relations | Human rights | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Terrorisme | Sécurité internationale | Politique internationale | Force | Relations internationales | Droits de l'homme | ABSTRACT Pierre Klein, Professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, begins his course by identifying the very notion of terrorism to report on the impact of terrorism on international law. He then takes a step backward and plac…

Gray, Christine Keywords: Afghanistan | Iraq | Self-defence | Targeted killings | Use of force | Intervention | Responsibility to protect | Humanitarian intervention | Mots clefs: ABSTRACT This course starts by pointing out that some scholars are in favor of a widened use of force. The first chapter is dedicated to the use of force under self-defense, and through many examples shows the limits and the exceptions of the self-defense doctrine in international law. A second chapter is dedicated to the situations of targeted k…

Wehberg, Hans Keywords: Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT In his course, Hans Wehberg explores the extent to which the evolution of international law is reflected in jus belli at the time of writing the course, what has been achieved so far, and the gaps that remain to be filled in this area. After a chapter devoted to the war according to scholastic doctrine, the author examines the law of war in European public law, the Kellogg Pact, the prohibitio…

Sicilianos, Linos-Alexandre Keywords: United Nations | Security Council | Charter | Use of force | International relations | Collective security | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Conseil de sécurité | Charte | Force | Relations internationales | Sécurité collective | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course, Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos, Associate Professor at the University of Athens, notes that the theme of the Security Council's authorization to use force lies at the centre of two contradictory trends that mark contemporary evolution of…

M. Schwebel, S. Keywords: Aggression | Self-defence | Use of force | International relations | Intervention | Mots clefs: Agression | Défense légitime | Force | Relations internationales | Intervention et non-intervention | ABSTRACT S.M. Schwebel's course deals with the issues of aggression, intervention, and self-defence in the context of the question of the definition of aggression. After a first chapter on the need and importance of the definition of the concept of aggression, the author examines several types of approaches t…

Michael Reisman, W. Keywords: International law | International regime | Development of international law | Decision-making | Sovereignty | Human rights | Subjects of international law | Individuals | Use of force | Mots clefs: Droit international | Régime international | Développement du droit international | Prise de décisions | Souveraineté | Droits de l'homme | Sujets du droit international | Individus | Force | ABSTRACT The point of these lectures, given in 2012, is to elaborate a framework to understand the place of practitioners, and others affected by …

Fawcett, J.E.S. Keywords: Intervention | Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Intervention | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT J. E. S. Fawcett points out in the introduction to his course that intervention is an old political custom and perhaps even a political necessity. The author’s task is to describe and compare some recent intervention cases (in 1961) and to see what they clarify the rules governing the intervention and what the limits are. After general considerations on the intervention, …