Sicilianos, Linos-Alexandre Keywords: United Nations | Security Council | Charter | Use of force | International relations | Collective security | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Conseil de sécurité | Charte | Force | Relations internationales | Sécurité collective | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course, Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos, Associate Professor at the University of Athens, notes that the theme of the Security Council's authorization to use force lies at the centre of two contradictory trends that mark contemporary evolution of…

Crawford, James Keywords: Obligations of the state | Public international law | Development of international law | Ius cogens | International Law Commission | State responsibility | United Nations | Charter | International Court of Justice | Mots clefs: Obligations des états | Droit international public | Développement du droit international | Jus cogens | Commission du droit international | Responsabilité des Etats | Nations Unies | Charte | Cour internationale de Justice | ABSTRACT The author, director of the Lauterpacht Center for International Law, examines in this…

Simma, Bruno Keywords: Bilateralism | International obligations | International law | United Nations | Charter | International community | Constitutionalism | Mots clefs: Bilatéralisme | Obligations internationales | Droit international | Nations Unies | Charte | Communauté internationale | Constitutionnalisme | ABSTRACT Earlier, traditional international law was left entirely in the hands of sovereign States, predicated on their bilateral legal relations. However, now, community interest has permeated the body of international law. In …

A. Gross, Ernest Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Collective security | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | Sécurité collective | ABSTRACT Ernest Gross emphasizes in the introduction of his course that observers and practitioners wonder about where the great unpopularity of international collaboration institutions comes from or how often they are ignored, even though they have a certain link with human well-being and progress. The author proposes in this course to present the causes of these inconsistencies. Afte…

César Sepúlveda, Professor Keywords: Organization of American States | Charter | Reform | Mots clefs: Organisation des Etats américains | Charte | Réforme | ABSTRACT Cesar Sepulveda, Former Dean of the Faculty of Law at the National University of Mexico, proposes a study of the Reform of the Organization of American States. After a presentation of the 1948 Bogota Charter, the author looks at the difficulties encountered when it came to reforming it. The author then examines the procedure followed to revise the Bogota Ch…

Ermacora, Felix Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Human rights | Jurisdiction | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | Droits de l homme | Juridiction | ABSTRACT The course of Felix Ermacora is based on a problem of crucial significance related to the relations between national law and international law, and more particularly, to the law of international organizations. The author, in the first instance, focuses on domestic jurisdiction in general. He then studies the general aspects of human rights in connection with dome…

Robinson, Jacob Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | ABSTRACT The purpose of Jacob Robinson's course is not to give a complete picture of the changes that have taken place in the first thirteen years of the existence of the United Nations, but to illustrate with some examples the metamorphosis of the organization. He examines the transition from a coalition to a universal community, from a community of purpose to an instrument of national policies, from an enforcement agency…

Giraud, Emile Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Revision | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | Révision | ABSTRACT Emile Giraud says in the introduction to his course that the Charter of the United Nations is flawed. Those who conceived it lacked historical sense and foresight. They did not understand that Hitler and Mussolini were not simply accidents of history, but that they were the expression of a new philosophy and a new conception of the world, totalitarianism which the Second World War had not eliminate…

Von Verdross, Alfred Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Legal philosophy | Mots clefs: Charte | Philosophie du droit | ABSTRACT Alfred von Verdross points out in the introduction to his course that in his great commentary on the Charter of the United Nations, Hans Kelsen proves to us by a detailed analysis that the Charter that a simply logical and grammatical interpretation often leads us to radically opposite results. On the other hand, the author continues that it is not necessary to resolve all these conflicts…

Saba, Hanna Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Regionalism | Collective security | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | Régionalisme | Sécurité collective | ABSTRACT The danger of aggression by a powerful neighbor can create defense solidarity. In addition, there are also sociological solidarities, cultural solidarities, economic solidarities, as well as solidarities that exist due to the similarity of social and economic conditions. In this course, Hanna Saba first deals with the evolution of philosophical thought and…

S. Kerno, Ivan Keywords: United Nations | International Court of Justice | Charter | Interpretation | Advisory opinions | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Cour internationale de Justice | Charte | Interprétation | Avis consultatifs | ABSTRACT In this course, Ivan Kerno reviews the first five years of operation of the International Court of justice. After a historical presentation of the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the Court concerning advisory opinions, he analyzes Article 96 (2) of the Charter, ex…

A. Berle, Jr, Adolf Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Self-defence | Peace | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | Défense légitime | Paix | ABSTRACT From a doctrinal point of view, Adolf Berle considers that the Charter of the United Nations confers rights within private international law on peoples while maintaining the rights previously recognized by the international law to the States. The author begins his course on the peace of peoples by comparing the peace of the States and peace of the peoples. He then examines…

Preuss, Lawrence Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | ABSTRACT Lawrence Preuss devotes his course to the study on Article 2, Paragraph 7 of the Charter of the United Nations and Matters of Domestic Jurisdiction. After a study of the background of the article, the author examines the drafting. He then focuses on how Article 2, Paragraph 7 of the Charter is applied in the practice of the United Nations. Lawrence Preuss consacre son cours à l'étude de l'article 2, paragraphe 7 de la Charte des Nations Unies et aux domaines de compétence…

Kaeckenbeeck, Georges Keywords: United Nations | Charter | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Charte | ABSTRACT Georges Kaeckenbeeck notifies in the introduction of his course that the method followed in this study is not systematic and more especially not dogmatic. In the face of such a new subject and such a complex organization started to take shape in 1947, he explores and takes note of what appears to be useful developments. The author successively examines the purposes and principles of the Charter, the General …