Baron S. Korff, le Keywords: International law | Legal history | Mots clefs: Droit international | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT The Introduction to the History of International Law constitutes the introduction to the course given by Baron Korff in 1923. Death prevented him from giving his course a definitive form. The author first focuses on the ancient world, then on Greece and ancient Rome, and finally on the Middle Ages. Cette Introduction à l'histoire du droit international constitue l'introduction du cours donné par le Baron Korff en 1923. La mort l'a empêché de don…

John Fischer Williams K. C., Sir Keywords: External debts | State contracts | International law | Claims | Mots clefs: Dettes étrangères | Contrats d Etat | Droit international | Réclamations | ABSTRACT The study of John Williams deals with the issues related to the States’ external financial obligations, or, in other words, the States’ financial commitments to other States or to nationals of other countries. After a presentation of the two categories of debt, the author focuses on Lord Palmerston’s doctrine, Drago’s doctrine, …

De La Barra, Fr. Keywords: Alternative dispute resolution | International law | Mots clefs: Médiation | Droit international | Conciliation | ABSTRACT Fr. de la Barre presents his course on International Mediation and Conciliation in two stages. In the first part, the author presents the causes of conflicts between the States: law of conservation and law of nations, law of ambition, differences in the interpretation of conventions, absence or imprecision of a rule of law of nations or an international custom. In the s…

Bourquin, Maurice Keywords: Communications | International law | Mots clefs: Communications | Droit international | ABSTRACT Maurice Bourquin notes in his introduction that there is a risk of conflict between local political sovereignty and general economic interests, and that a formula for conciliation must be chosen or found. Hence, there is a need for an international organization of communication paths. After a first part devoted to the origins of the organizational effort (the sea), the author studies its …

Hobza, Antoine Keywords: Religion | International law | Freedom of thought, conscience and religion | Religious minorities | Mots clefs: Religions | Droit international | Liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion | Minorités religieuses | ABSTRACT Antoine Hobza outlines in this course a systematic review of religious issues in their relations with public international law in view of the situation prevailing in 1924. All religious issues in the legal sense affecting international law directly or indirectly can be divided into t…

Goyau, Georges Keywords: Holy See | International law | Catholicism | Mots clefs: Saint-Siège | Droit international | Catholicisme | ABSTRACT In this course, Georges Goyau studies the relations between the Catholic Church and international law. After a first chapter devoted to the primitive Church, the evangelical counsels of non-resistance to evil, and the Augustinian doctrine of just war, the author presents the initiatives of the medieval Church in the field of war. The author then focuses on the international ro…

Boegner, Marc Keywords: Legal history | International law | Reform | Development of international law | Mots clefs: Histoire du droit | Droit international | Réforme | Développement du droit international | ABSTRACT In this study, Marc Boegner intends to explore the ways in which such a considerable religious movement has influenced the development of international law, and what effects it has had in the history of law of nations. The author thus successively focuses on the relations of the reform with law of nations, natural l…

de Visscher, Charles Keywords: Codification | International law | Mots clefs: Codification | Droit international | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course on the Codification of International Law, Charles De Visscher presents the characteristics of the Codification of International Law as it occurred in 1925. The author devotes the first part of his course to an analysis of the fundamental concepts, the foundation, and formal sources of international law. In the second part to deal entirely with the codificat…

Heilborn, Paul Keywords: International law | Sources of law | Mots clefs: Droit international | Sources | ABSTRACT Paul Heilborn observes only custom and agreement as sources of international law, that is to say, as modes of the formation of the law. After a presentation of general concepts related to the element of public international law and the sources of law, the author examines the element of the sources of international law (customary law and agreement), the potency of these sources, the field of internati…

Taube, le Baron Michel Keywords: Eastern Europe | International law | Legal history | Mots clefs: Europe orientale | Droit international | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT Michel Taube defines Eastern Europe, in the introduction to his course, as the Greco-Slavic world in contrast to the Roman-Germanic world, Byzantium, with the group of secondary states which came under de facto or de jure, the States of the Caucasus, the states of the Balkans, Russia, and its neighbors. The author begins with a presentation of Byzantium and…

Kraus, Herbert Keywords: Ethics | International law | Mots clefs: Morale | Droit international | ABSTRACT Herbert Krause devotes his study to international morality. He writes that the thought of those involved in public affairs and especially the thought of those interested in or involved in international politics, is today besieged by questions, doubts, and considerations about the problems related to international morality. "But is there such a morality?" asks the author. To answer this question, the author …

Williams, F. Keywords: Loans | International contracts | International law | World War I | War reparations | Dawes Plan | Mots clefs: Prêts | Contrats internationaux | Droit international | Réparations après la guerre mondiale de 1914 | Plan Dawes | ABSTRACT John Fischer Williams examines in this course the legal conditions under which contractual transfers of wealth occur, as well as the legal mechanism by which they are executed. The author presents in turn various legal questions concerning, in particular, the parties to international…

Barcia Trelles, Camilo Keywords: Francisco de Vitoria (1492-1546) | International law | Doctrines | Mots clefs: Vitoria (F. de) | Droit international | Doctrines | ABSTRACT Camilo Barcia Trelles explains in the introduction of his course that it takes the coincidence of two factors for Vitoria to be able to bequeath to posterity its "immortal doctrines": the appearance of new problems arising from recent realities (discovery and conquest of America), and the existence of an objective and a cultivated spirit ready to addr…

Stein, Oswald Keywords: Insurances | International law | Social security | Mots clefs: Assurances | Droit international | Sécurité sociale | ABSTRACT People and communities are driven by a desire for safety. Oswald Stein explains that the desire has never been stronger than this day (1927). Humanity has never seemed more anxious to perceive the dangers, to assure its future. As an indication of civilization or a symptom of decadence, what is this fear of the future; this party to escape the blind play of the laws of …

Lebée, Edmond Keywords: Cartels and monopolies | International law | Mots clefs: Cartels et monopoles | Droit international | ABSTRACT The aim of Edmond Lebee’s study is to examine certain aspects of the massive concentration of economic forces, from an international point of view, and by trying to rule out the abstract hypothesis and reasoning. After a presentation of the importance of economic factors in international political life, the author examines the concentration of industrial forces and their extension i…

Crusen, G. Keywords: Servitudes | International law | Mots clefs: Servitudes | Droit international | ABSTRACT Georg Crussen explains that international servitudes are conventional and perpetual restrictions on the territorial sovereignty of states, which represent a permanent real right. The purpose of Crussen’s study is to examine whether the analogous application of the concept of servitude in international relations is consistent with positive law of the people and to examine whether it is necessary to achie…

Urrutia, F.-J. Keywords: America | International law | Codification | Mots clefs: Amérique | Droit international | Codification | ABSTRACT Francisco-Jose Urrutia begins his course on the codification of international law in America with a presentation of the principles of international law proclaimed by the American States since the constitution. He then presents the history of the codification of international law in America and the technique that has been used in this context. He then focuses on the Congress of A…

Cavaglieri, Arrigo Keywords: Peace | International law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international | ABSTRACT In this course, Arrigo Cavaglieri seeks to trace in the essential themes, as the author sees it, the system of the general law of peace. The author does not give a complete overview of the rules currently accepted, either because it could only be summary, or because the doubts about the positive nature of certain rules could only be overcome by means of a careful search, and a difficult assessment of the e…

Sułkowski, Joseph Keywords: Currencies | Currency depreciation | International law | Mots clefs: Monnaies | Dépréciation des monnaies | Droit international | ABSTRACT Joseph Sułkowski, in the introduction to his course, notes that the problem of the influence exerted by the changes in the value of currency on legal relations is of recent origin (the author writes in 1929) and that it become a subject of studies following the fall in the value of the currency which occurred in certain countries following the First Worl…

Boegner, Marc Keywords: Religious missions | International law | Protestantism | Mots clefs: Missions religieuses | Droit international | Protestantisme | ABSTRACT At first glance, it may seem strange to unite the terms of missions and international law highlighted in the introduction to the course of Marc Boegner in 1929. Certainly, he continues, the missions pursuing an essentially religious goal. Nevertheless, through the development of individual and collective Christian life, they are obliged to organize communi…