Dupuis, Charles Keywords: Communications | International relations | Law of treaties | Intervention | State responsibility | Sanctions | Mots clefs: Communications | Relations internationales | Droit des traités | Intervention et non-intervention | Responsabilité des Etats | Sanctions | ABSTRACT The issue of the Freedom of Communication Paths, emphasizes Charles Dupuis in the introduction to his course, is one of the issues in which the opposition, not to say the antagonism, of nationalism and internationalism, the sovereignty of State…

Brown SCOTT, James Keywords: Human rights | International relations | Mots clefs: Droits de l'homme | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Although James Brown Scott’s course deals with a specific subject of legal equality in international relations, it is in fact actually presented in two forms. The first form of the course is an overview of the concept of legal equality, and the second form is the application of the principle to three concrete situations, which concern exclusively America. The author successively…

Butter, Oscar Keywords: Press | International relations | Mots clefs: Presse | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Oscar Butter writes that the press has become an instrument of political government, a means of influence. Millions of people in modern States are increasingly interested in public life, journals have become an effective means of harmony and union or, unfortunately, also a means of disharmony and enmity. To account for this phenomenon, the author successively studies the relations between foreign …

Bourquin, Maurice Keywords: International peace and security | Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Sécurité internationale | Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Maurice Bourquin notes in the introduction to his course that the problem of security takes on an almost obsessive look in the quiet and confused world of the post-war period. Its influence acts on all the great international negotiations, and since it was implemented, the League of Nations has seen it emerge at every turn of the road. W…

Giraud, Émile Keywords: Self-defence | Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Défense légitime | Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT The author explains that the purpose of Emile Giraud's course is not to present and defend a thesis, but to explain an inherent right related to self-defence. To do this, the author begins with a comparison of self-defence in domestic law and international law. The author then poses the question of when there will be self-defence. Finally, the author studies its effects. Le cours d'Emile Giraud n'a pas pour but de présenter e…

R. P. Professeur Edmund A. Walsh, S. J., Le Keywords: International relations | Mots clefs: Relations internationales | ABSTRACT The aim of Edmund Walsh’s course is to address the issue of the fundamental principles which govern, or rather, which should govern the relationships between nations. After a presentation of the philosophy of these principles, the author presents the evolution of relationships between States. He then focuses on two pairs of notions which he puts through: nationalism and sovereignty on on…

Mirkine-Guetzêvitch, Boris Keywords: Parliaments | International relations | Foreign policy | Mots clefs: Parlement | Relations internationales | Politique étrangère | ABSTRACT Boris Mirkine-Guetzevitch explains in his introduction to the course that a study of the parliamentary technique of international relations involves an analysis of the different forms of participation of parliaments in the conduct of foreign policy. The author successively presents the evolution of the representative regime from the point of v…

Dupuis, René Keywords: Europe | International relations | Mots clefs: Europe | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT By a sort of original sin which greatly affects the political destinies of humanity, people have almost always revolted against the multinational fact, explains Rene Dupuis. They have almost always tended to dominate each other, until one of them, at the end of this sterile and exhausting process, which is tiring and unproductive, managed to rule over each other and establish a “Global State”. How…

Wehberg, Hans Keywords: Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT In his course, Hans Wehberg explores the extent to which the evolution of international law is reflected in jus belli at the time of writing the course, what has been achieved so far, and the gaps that remain to be filled in this area. After a chapter devoted to the war according to scholastic doctrine, the author examines the law of war in European public law, the Kellogg Pact, the prohibitio…

Paradisi, Bruno Keywords: Public international law | International relations | History | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Relations internationales | Histoire | ABSTRACT Bruno Paradisi in 1951 points out that the term "international friendship" has almost completely lost its legal content and significance. Although the States continue to conclude friendship treaties, it should be recognized that their significance for modern legal organization is rather limited. They serve only to emphasize, at the time of a so…

Andrassy, Juraj Keywords: Transfrontier co-operation | International relations | Rights and duties of States | Mots clefs: Coopération transfrontalière | Relations internationales | Droits et devoirs des Etats | ABSTRACT Juraj Andrassy points out in the introduction to his course that if the international law contains provisions on the right of neighborhood in the sense of the mandatory rules applicable to cases of damage caused by cross-border facts, it must be recognized that these rules cover only a very modest field of a…

H. M. Waldock C.M.G. O.B.E. Q.C., C. Keywords: Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT C. H. M. Waldock devotes his course to the regime of the use of force by States in international law. After presenting the issue in the light of international custom, he examines the regime established by the system of the League of Nations, and then the state of the issue under the Charter of the United Nations. He then focuses on the issue of legitimate-defense and self-def…

S. Mcdougal, Myres Keywords: Public international law | International relations | Legal theory | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Relations internationales | Théorie du droit | ABSTRACT After an introduction to the tasks of a politically-oriented law in the 1950s, Myres S. McDougal presents the inadequate aspects of contemporary theory about international law. He then discusses public international law as a research framework as it relates to world social and power contexts and processes. Finally, he focuses on the…

J. De Soto, M. Keywords: European Coal and Steel Community | International relations | Mots clefs: Communauté européenne du charbon et de l acier | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT M. J. De Soto explains in the introduction to his course that the external competence of an international institution is less evident than the external competence of a State. There can be no question of competence of war. The author explains by quoting Reuter that the external competence means the right to participate in international affairs…

I. Tunkin, Grigory Keywords: Peaceful coexistence | Public international law | International relations | Mots clefs: Coexistence pacifique | Droit international public | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Grigory I. Tunkin begins his course on Coexistence and International Law with a study of creation of norms of general international law (he deals with the question of the sources of public international law). He then focuses on the foundation of contemporary international law, the impact of coexistence on public intern…

Truyol Y Serra, Antonio Keywords: Sociology | Public international law | International relations | Mots clefs: Sociologie | Droit international public | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Antonio Truyol y Serra explains that the study he undertakes in this course confines on the borders of the sociology of international law and the theory of international relations. He begins his research with a presentation of the concept of international society. He then discusses the genesis and evolution of global international soc…

Hamburger, Ernest Keywords: Human rights | International relations | Mots clefs: Droits de l homme | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT The course of Ernest Hamburger aims to clarify the relationship between the historical development of two phenomena: international relations and human rights. The goal of Ernest Hamburger's study is to draw attention to a field of research that has not been sufficiently explored so far, to open up perspectives and to make suggestions to scholars. The author begins his course by f…

Pescatore, Pierre Keywords: International relations | European Economic Community | Mots clefs: C.E.E. | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Pierre Pescatore explains in this course that economic integration necessarily entails the need for unity of action in external relations. The author therefore examines the legal form given to the Communities in order to make them fit for action in the sphere of external relations. After a historical review of the external relations of international organizations, the autho…

Fawcett, J.E.S. Keywords: Intervention | Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Intervention | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT J. E. S. Fawcett points out in the introduction to his course that intervention is an old political custom and perhaps even a political necessity. The author’s task is to describe and compare some recent intervention cases (in 1961) and to see what they clarify the rules governing the intervention and what the limits are. After general considerations on the intervention, …

M. Schwebel, S. Keywords: Aggression | Self-defence | Use of force | International relations | Intervention | Mots clefs: Agression | Défense légitime | Force | Relations internationales | Intervention et non-intervention | ABSTRACT S.M. Schwebel's course deals with the issues of aggression, intervention, and self-defence in the context of the question of the definition of aggression. After a first chapter on the need and importance of the definition of the concept of aggression, the author examines several types of approaches t…