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[German Version] (Mar 7, 1785, Milan – May 22, 1873, Brusuglio near Milan), Italian poet. Owing to the early separation of his parents Count Pietro Manzoni and Giulia Beccaria (daughter of …

[German Version] I. As Epoch 1. Literature. The term “romantic” (from Old Fr. romanz, roman; cf. Ger. romantisch) appeared as early as the 17th century with the meaning “unbridled,” “fantastic,” “wild”; while Romanticism in Europe denotes a period in culture and art. As a movement in literary studies it runs from 1790 to 1825, with offshoots to c. 1850. ¶ Literary Romanticism in Germany is divided into early, high, and late Romanticism. Around 1798, the so-called Jena or early Romantic group (until c. 1806) formed around the journal Athenäum, represented by Friedrich v. Hardenberg …

[German Version] I. Literary History – II. Religious History – III. In Religious Education I. Literary History The fairy tale (the diminutive German term Märchen derives from MHG maere, “tidings,” “news,” “story, narrative”; the English term has been variously derived from ME faie, fei< MF feie, fee< Lat. fata; a genre term since the 16th cent.) as a basic genre of literary narrative is ¶ characterized by elements of the fantastic, miraculous, and supernatural. Neither the authors nor the circumstances of origin of fairy tales are known; although over the course of oral transmission fairy tales are subject to variations and reworkings, the narrative core remains stable. The modern understanding of fairy tales and folk tales has been shaped especially by …

1. DefinitionThe historical novel is a subgenre of the novel in which authentic historical personages, events, and circumstances are presented in varying degrees of fictionalization, or in which fiction and history are melded in a narrative configuration (Fictionality). The term historical novel (French  roman historique, Italian  romanzo storico, German historischer Roman) became established in European-Angloamerican literature around 1820 in the context of the reception of Walter Scott’s novels; however, it was already in use in the 18th ce…

1. DefinitionDer H. R. ist eine Untergattung des Romans, in der authentische histor. Personen, Ereignisse und Verhältnisse in unterschiedlichen Graden der Fiktionalisierung gestaltet werden bzw. in der Fiktion und Historie in narrativen Konfigurationen überkreuzt werden (Fiktionalität). Der Begriff H. R. (engl. historical novel, franz. roman historique, ital. romanzo storico) konstituierte sich in den euro…