Introduction In the Middle East, the prolonged mass displacement of Palestinian refugees has transformed the practices of humanitarianism in the twentieth century (Peteet 2009, Feldman 2015). Today, regional wars and sectarian and state violence have affected many countries in the region, leading to unprecedented displacement, and waves of migration into Europe. Iraqis, Sudanese, Libyans, Yemenis, Palestinians, and Afghanis, among others, have become humanitarian communities; the Syrians are cons…