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[German version] [1] Hasta, hastati In the Roman army of the middle Republic, the hasta served primarily as a thrust lance for close combat although it could also be thrown; it had a wooden shaft and an iron point. The hasta was adapted to the fighting style of the  phalanx, but it remained in use when, in the 4th cent. BC, the Romans adopted a more flexible set-up in maniples (  manipulus ). According to Livy (Liv. 8,8,5-13), whose account, however, is not without its problems, in 340 BC the Roman army consisted of three battle rows, the hastati, the principes and the triarii. The triarii were a…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Batavian Revolt Nowadays Ventimiglia in Italy. City of the  Liguri Intimilii (Str. 4,6,2),   municipium with   duoviri of the   regio IX (Plin. HN 3,48),  tribus Falerna, on the   via Iulia Augusta , seat of a bishop, Byzantine castrum. Disturbances in 49 BC (Cic. Fam. 8,15,2), devastations through the supporters of  Otho in AD 69 (Tac. Agr. 7; Hist. 2,13). Abandoned in the high Middle Ages. Archaeological remains: wall,   insulae , thermae, theatre, necropolis, aquaduct. Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (Genoa) Bibliography G. For…

[German version] [1] Ligurian city in the valley of the upper Chero (Βελεία, Βελία/ Bel(e)ía; Οὐελεία/ Oueleía). Ligurian city (but in Regio VIII) in the valley of the upper Chero (tributary of the Po), c. 30 km to the south of Placentia; modern Velleia. Possibly an Augustean colonia, tribus Galeria (Plin. HN 3,47; ILS 1079, l. 8: res publica Velleiat[ium]; ILS 5560: municipes); according to the archaeological finds evidently destroyed in the 4th/5th cent. AD and abandoned. Parts of the forum survive (drainage system; paving, cf. CIL XI 1184; basilica; po…

[German version] Ligurian people (Plin. HN 3,47); their original capital at Carystum has not been located; in 173 BC enslaved by the Romans, in 172 to some extent freed by the Senate and settled on the far side of the Padus (Liv. 42,7,3-9,6; 10,9-12; 10,15; 21,1-5; 21,8-22,8). In the Roman Period their capital was Aquae Statiellae (modern Acqui Terme). Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (Genoa) Bibliography S. Giorcelli Bersani, Aquae Statiellae, in: Bollettino storico-bibliografico subalpino 95, 1997, 377-421  G. Luraschi, A proposito dei 'Ligures Statellates transducti trans…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre Ligurian town in regio IX located on the via Postumia ( nobile oppidum, Plin. HN 3,49), modern Serravalle Scrivia. Municipium, later probably colonia (CIL V 7428), tribus Maecia. Possibly renewed by Constantinus [3] in AD 410 ([1] on Sozom. Hist. eccl. 9,12,4). Remains: theatre, amphitheatre, insulae, baths, forum, aqueduct, graves. Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (Genoa) Bibliography 1 G. Chr. Hansen, in: J. Bidez (ed.), Sozomenus, Kirchengesch. (GCS N.F. 4), 21995, 545. G. Forni (ed.), Fontes Ligurum et Liguri…

[German version] Ligurian people at the south-eastern coast of Gallia Narbonensis near  Antipolis (Mela 2,76; Plin. HN 3,35; Ptol. 2,10,8). The exact location of the oppidum Deciatum or Dekieton is unknown. In 154 BC, when the D. together with the neighbouring Oxybii besieged Nicaea and Antipolis, Rome sent the consul Q. Opimius upon the request of the city of Massalia and after a Roman legate had been injured. He defeated the D. and the Oxybii, disarmed them and granted the conquered territory to Massalia (Pol. 33,8-10; Liv. per. 47). Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (Genoa) Bibliography Fon…

[German version] Today Albisola Superiore,   mansio in the area of  Vada Sabatia ( regio IX) on the coastal road from  Genoa to Vado between Ad Navalia and Vico Virginis (Tab. Peut. 3,4; Geogr. Rav. 4,32; 5,2). Ruins of a large   villa (used from the 1st to 5th/6th cents. AD). Only epigraphical mention is in 1st cent. BC [1]. Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (Genoa) Bibliography 1 Actes du Colloque d'épigraphie Latine en mémoire de A. Degrassi, 1991, 421-424. G. Forni (ed.), Fontes Ligurum et Liguriae antiquae, 1976, s. v. A. F. Bulgarelli, Albisola Superiore (Savona), in: Bollettino di N…

[German version] City on the southern bank of the upper Padus (modern Po), possibly modern Casale Monferrato. A municipium , tribus Pollia, Regio IX (Plin. HN. 3,49). Cf. an unknown emperor's rescript to Clodius Secundus from the 1st-2nd cent. AD [1. 240-242, no. 1]. Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (Genoa) Bibliography 1 G. Mennella, E. Zanda (eds.), Supplementa Italica 13, 1996, 231-249. E. Gabba, Aspetti sociali del rescritto imperiale di Vardagate, in: M. Cébeillac-Gervasoni (ed.), Les élites municipales de l'Italie péninsulaire, 2000, 457-461.