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Hesychasm
(190 words)
[German Version] At the center of this mystical-ascetic form of spirituality of Orthodox Christian origin stands the ἡσυχία/
hēsychía, the perfect outer and inner peace that is attained through incessant praying (Prayer of the Heart) and which may lead to a gracious, imageless vision of God. The roots of hesychasm reach back into the 4th century (Evagrius Ponticus), although it did not flourish until the 13th/14th century on Mount Athos. From 1338 onward, in his dispute with Barlaam of …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Nicephorus the Hesychast
(205 words)
[German Version] (died before 1300), teacher of the Hesychast prayer an…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Christology
(26,944 words)
[German Version] I. Primitive Christianity – II. History of Doctrine – III. Dogmatics – IV. Forms of Extra-ecclesial Christology
I. Primitive Christianity
1. History of research and preliminary questions
a. The
term Christology, which originated in the early 17th century, was coined for systematic reflection concerning Jesus Christ. Initially, conceptions and Christologies dealing with the salvation history of the whole Bible beginning with the Old Testament were as highly valued as the New Testament (cf. e.g. G.F. Händel's
Messiah). NT Christology went its own way…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Nikephoros
(191 words)
[English Version] Nikephoros,
Athonit (gest. vor 1300), Lehrer des hesychastischen Gebets und Unionsgegner. N., ein aus Süditalien stammender Katholik, der zur orth. Kirche übergetreten war und als Hesychast und geistl. Vater auf dem Athos großen Ruhm erlangt hatte, wurde aufgrund seines Widerstandes gegen die Unionspolitik von Michael VIII…
Philotheos Kokkinos
(297 words)
[English Version] (ca.1300–1379), palamitischer Theologe und Patriarch von Konstantinopel. Der aus jüd. Familie stammende Ph. war zunächst in Thessaloniki Schüler des berühmten Philosophen Thomas Magistros und dann als Athosmönch Schüler des Hl. Sabas. 1340 unterschrieb er als Anhänger des Gregorios Palamas den hesychastischen »Tomos Hagioreitikos«. Als Beichtvater des siegreichen Usurpators Johannes VI. Kantakuzenos wurde Ph. 1347 Metropolit von Herakleia, vf. den Synodaltomos von 1351 gegen Barl…