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(Ἐλέα; Eléa). [German version] [1] Coastal town in Epirus Coastal town in Epirus at the mouth of the Acheron near modern Veliani, main settlement of the Eleatis region (wrongly Elaia/Elaiatis in Thuc. 1,46,4) in Thesprotia. Origin of the pólis before 350 BC, first minting between 360 and 335 BC. Of the 10-ha. town mainly the 1.5-km-long walls are preserved. Documents: Scyl. 30; Str. 7,7,5. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography Archaeological Reports 41, 1994/5, 26 P. Cabanes, L'Épire, 1976 S. I. Dakaris, Thesprotia, 1972 P. R. Franke, Die ant. Mz. von Epirus, 1961, 300-307. …

[German version] (τὰ Ἀκροκεραύνια; tá Akrokeraúnia). Mountain range on the coast of  Epirus (modern Karaburun in Albania), as a continuation of the Ceraunian Mountains on the territory of the  Chaones, border to Illyria (Str. 7,7,5; Plin. HN 3,97,1; 145,2), also a peninsula with a length of 16 km and a breadth of 3-5 km, and up to 800 m in height, protecting the Gulf of Aulon (Vlores) and the port of  Oricus. Because of its inhospitality and frequent storms metonymous for ‘dangerous places’ (Ov. Rem. am. 739; cf. ThLL 1, 42). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography N.G.L. Hammond, Epirus, 1…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Aetolians, Aetolia | Acarnanians, Acarnania (Ἀγρίνιον; Agrínion). Originally an Acarnanian town, in 314 BC under Cassander   synoikismos of the  Derieis in A., then, after capture by the  Aetolians (Diod. Sic. 19,67 f.), it became a member of the Aetolian koinon (several strategoi hailed from A.). Remains of the town (walls, stoa, houses) localized near Megali Chora, 3 km north-west of the modern A. (regional museum).  Acarnania;  Strategos Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography C. Antonetti, Les Étoliens, 1990, 23…

[German version] Mountain massif in the Epirote part of the Pindus, up to 2,249 m high, whose northern foothills are directed towards Macedonia and whose southern ones towards Thessaly source area of the Aous (modern Viotsa). According to Liv. 32,13,2f., thickly wooded with wide tablelands and perennial springs. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography N. G. L. Hammond, Epirus, 1967, 280f. Philippson/Kirsten 2, 69-76.

[German version] (Θύαμις; Thýamis). River, today also T. (formerly Kalamas), and promontory, modern Akra Kalamas, in Epirus. The T. flows in two branches into the Ionios Kolpos opposite Corcyra [1] and forms the border between Thesprotia (Thesproti) in the south and Cestrine in the north (Thuc. 1,46,4; Str. 7,7,5; Plin.  HN 4,4). Pomponius [I 5] Atticus had an estate on the T.  (Cic. Att. 7,2,3; Cic. Leg. 2,7). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography N. G. L. Hammond, Epirus, 1967, 186 f.; 669 f.  Philippson/Kirsten 2, 38 f.; 87-90; 93-99.

[German version] (Καμπύλος; Kampýlos). One of the tributaries of the Achelous in Aetolia (Diod. Sic. 19,67,3); its location cannot be determined more closely. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography H. v. Geisau, s.v. K., RE 10, 1844.

[German version] (Νήριτον; Nḗriton). Originally probably a poetic designation for ‘mountain forest’ [1. 185], the name of a forested mountain on Ithaca (Hom. Od. 9,22; 13,351). In the Homeric Catalogue of Ships (Hom. Il. 2,632) the significance is unclear: N. can be understood either as a mountain [2. 591-596] or as an island or city next to Ithaca (cf. Verg. Aen. 3,271; Ov. Met. 13,712; Mela 2,110). Other ancient authors identify N. with the town of Nericus, which they localised on Leucas (cf. Plin. HN 4,5). Hence in ancient authors and in the MSS the forms Nericus and Neritus are mixed u…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Acarnanians, Acarnania (Φοιτίαι/ Phoitíai, also Φυτία/ Phytía). City in Acarnania (Acarnanians), 4 km to the northwest of modern Bambini. In a strategically favourable location P. dominated a fertile plateau in the interior of Acarnania and was one of the leading cities of the Acarnanian Koinon. During the division of Acarnania in the 3rd century BC P. remained Aetolian until conquered by Philip  [7] V in 219 BC. A plan of P. can be found in [1]. Cf. IG IX 12 2, 389, 602; mentions in theorodokoi lists: IG IV2 95 Z. 11; SEG 36, 3…

[German version] (Κεφαλληνία; Kephallēnía). The largest of the Ionian islands west of Greece, with an area of about 761 km2, a length of 50 km with a north-south orientation and a maximum width of 25 km. Because of the contour of the island and the high limestone mountains (modern Enos, Efmorfia, Agia Dinati), several separate settlement areas existed which only in modern times were linked by roads. From the main body of the island to the north protrudes the Erisos peninsula, while in the west, the latter is link…

[German version] (Ἄραχθος; Árachthos). Greatest river of southern  Epirus (also Ἄραθθος, Ἄρατθος; Áraththos, Áratthos CEG 1,145; BMC Corinth 107; Str. 7,7,8; Dionysius Calliphontus 42); rises near the Molossi on the Lacmon (Pindus); navigable from its mouth on the Gulf of Ambracia to  Ambracia. Shifting river-bed in its lower reaches from ancient times [1]. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography 1 P. N. Doukellis, É. Fouache, in: BCH 116, 1992, 375-382 2 N. G. L. Hammond, Epirus, 1967 3 Philippson/Kirsten 2, 115-121.

[German version] Also Gissa, Kissa (Plin. HN 3,140; 151). North Dalmatian island (modern Pag, Croatia) of the  Mentores (Scyl. 21). Ancient settlement near modern Časka, relationship with the Roman Calpurnii family. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, 1969, 199 Id., The Illyrians, 1992.

[German version] (Αἰγίνιον; Aigínion). Town in Tymphania, originally taken as belonging to Epirus (Str. 7,7,9), but from 191 BC belonging to Macedonia, from 167 BC to the Thessalonian Hestiaiotis. Strategically important location in the upper valley of the Peneius (impregnable according to Liv. 32,15,4), destroyed by the Romans in the Third Macedonian War in 167 BC (Liv. 45,27). Its localization close to the modern Kalambaka [3. 121-123; 1. 898] (medieval Stagoi [4. 262 f.]) seems to be certain, de…

[German version] (Ἀμφίλοχοι, Ἀμφιλοχία; Amphílochoi, Amphilochía). Region and tribe east of the Gulf of  Ambracia, mainly mountainous, only a narrow coastal plain, bordering to the east on the   Agraei, to the south on  Acarnania. Str. 7,7,1; 7,8 ranked them amongst the Epirotes, but generally, they were considered to be a separate ‘Barbarian’ tribe (Dionysius Calliphontus 46 f.; Str. 9,5,1; Thuc. 2,68; [2. 351 f.]). According to older tradition, the main town of Argos Amphilochicum was founded by  A…

[German version] (Ἴσσα; Íssa). Island and city off the Dalmatian coast, modern Vis, Croatia. The settlers who came from Syracuse to I. in the late 4th cent. BC (Scymn. 413f; Diod. Sic. 15,14,2) [3; 4] established colonies in their turn: Tragurium, Epetium and a settlement on Corcyra Melaina (SEG 43, 348) [3]. Elevated by Rome in 230/229 BC to a civitas libera et foederata [1. 100], in 167 BC I. was declared exempt from taxes. In 56 BC a legation from I. went to Caesar (SEG 43, 350). From the 1st cent. BC part of the administrative region of  Salona [1. 106f…

[German version] (Ἀτιντᾶνες, Ἀτιντανοί; Atintânes, Atintanoí). The localization is controversial because of contradictory details supplied by ancient authors: according to App. Ill. 7, an Illyrian, according to Str. 7,7,8; Scyl. 26, an Epirotic tribe. [1] therefore identifies two tribes: the Atintani east of Epidamnus (Polyaenus, Strat. 4,11), in 229 BC in alliance with Rome (Pol. 7,9), after 205 belonging to Macedonia (Liv. 27,30; 45,30; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀκαρνανία); the Atintanes, by contrast, north…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Aetolians, Aetolia (Ἰθωρία; Ithōría). Fortified settlement in Aetolia, destroyed in 219 BC by Philip V (Pol. 4,64,9f.). Finds within the line of the Hellenistic walls on the left bank of the  Achelous [1] on the hilltop above the modern village of Hagios Ilias date from the Mycenaean to the early Roman periods. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography S. Bommeljé (ed.), Aetolia and the Aetolians, 1987, 74 Pritchett 7, 15f. R. Scheer, s.v. I., in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 284.

[German version] (Ποτειδανία/ Poteidanía). City in Aetolia (Aetolians, Aetolia, with map) in the lands of the Apodoti, identified with the ruins southeast of modern Kambos on the middle reaches of the Mornos river by liberation documents (SEG 41, 528) of 135/4 BC found there. Cf. Thuc. 3,96,2; Liv. 28,8,9. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography Pritchett 7, 49-52  D. Strauch, Römische Politik und griechische Tradition, 1996, 301.

[German version] [1] Today Corfu (Κόρκυρα, Kórkyra, Lat. Corcyra; the island of Corfu). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) [German version] A. Name The northernmost of the Ionian islands, always referred to as C. on coins and local inscriptions, but in literature and other inscriptions (IG II-III2 96; SEG 25, 354) also called Κέρκυρα, Lat. Corcyra, today officially Kérkyra. The name Corfu has been in common use since the 10th cent. and stems from the Greek word Koryphḗ (‘summit’), named after the fortress overlooking the medieval and the modern city. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) [German version] B. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Persian Wars | Athenian League (Second) (Πάλη/ Pálē). Town west of Cephallenia on the Paliki peninsula north of modern Lixuri. Hdt. 9,28,5 confuses Παλέες/ Palées with αλεῖοι/ Waleíoi, 'citizens of Elis', when mentioning the involvement of the troops of P. in the battle of Plataeae in 479 BC. There are hardly any ancient remains. Inscriptions: IG IX 1, 645f.; Coins: BMC, Gr (Peloponnese) 84-88. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Athenian League (Second) (Κράνιοι). City west of  Cephallenia, east of the main city today named Argostoli. It supported Athens in the  Peloponnesian War: Thuc. 2,30; 33; 5,35; 56; Str. 10,2,13. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography P. Kalligas, Ἱερὸ Δήμητρας καὶ Κόρης στὴν Κράνη Κεφαλλονιᾶς, in: ArchE, 1978, 136-146 R. Speich, Korfu und die Ion. Inseln, 1982, 263-265.