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Temptation

(2,036 words)

Author(s): Frenschkowski, Marco | Arneth, Martin | Feldmeier, Reinhard | Herms, Eilert
[German Version] I. Religious Studies Temptation is a theologoumenon of many religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It arises in the presence of free will when evil makes its appearance as fascinating, enticing cajolery, often insinuating. There are various forms of temptation: by a deity, by human individuals, by demons, in a nontheistic con-¶ text, and even human temptation of a deity. Temptation is often interpreted as the work of a demonic power that takes on symbolic significance – for example Māra in Bu…

Joseph, Father of Jesus

(738 words)

Author(s): Feldmeier, Reinhard | Schauerte, Thomas
[German Version] I. New Testament – II. Art I. New Testament

Stranger/Otherness

(2,942 words)

Author(s): Grünschloß, Andreas | Bultmann, Christoph | Feldmeier, Reinhard | Feldtkeller, Andreas | Grözinger, Albrecht
[German Version] I. Religious Studies From the outset, religions are involved in processes of exchange with their (religious) environment. This structural relationship to the surrounding world finds expression in internal representations of what is “strange/alien/foreign” or “other” and is part of the self-reference of religious systems. Because other religions are often experienced as competing entities, in most traditions they represent a great challenge to the adherents’ own identity. Therefore re…

Peter, Epistles of

(1,611 words)

Author(s): Feldmeier, Reinhard
[German Version] I. Introductory Remarks The New Testament contains two letters ascribed to the apostle Peter. Despite the unambiguous claim of Petrine authorship, it is likely that neither was written by the apostle himself. In the case of 1 Peter, several elements point to a probable date after the apostle’s death (probably during the Neronian persecution [Persecu-¶ tions of Christians: I]): its elevated language, the influence of the Diaspora synagogue on its theology, and the situation of the Christian communities it implies (1:1: spread of Christianity throughout Asia Minor; 5:9: isolation and criminalization of Christians throughout the Roman Empire). The letter was probably written between 80 and 90 ce, a conclusion supported by the mention of Babylon at the end of the letter (5:13), not attested as a code for Rome until after the destruction of the temple (II, 4.a) and hen…