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Ḳod̲j̲a Eli
(577 words)
, modern Turkish Kocaeli: a region between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, covering a part of ancient Bithynia with its centre Izmīd [
q.v.] (ancient Nicomedia), and the name of a
sand̲j̲aḳ of the Ottoman empire. Nowadays it is the name of a province (
il) of Turkey (population 385,408 in 1970), with Izmit as its capital. In 1954 the eastern part of the province Kocaeli was separated to form the Sakarya (Saḳārya) province with its capital Adapazari. Since this administrative reform, Kocaeli has comprised the
ilces (formerly
ḳaḍāʾs…
Ḳoč Ḥiṣār
(1,087 words)
, a name of several towns and villages in Asia Minor, derived from Ḳod̲j̲a-Ḥiṣar; compare such names as Ḳoč Ḥiṣāri̊, Ḳoyun Ḥiṣāri̊, Ḳoyul Ḥiṣāri̊, Keči Ḥiṣārī and Ṭoḳlu Ḥiṣāri̊ Confusion is often prevented by the addition of the name of the nearby provincial capital or of another word, e.g. Čanki̊ri̊ Ḳoč-Ḥiṣāri̊, S̲h̲erefli Koč Ḥiṣār. For the same reason, the toponyms of places with this name have been changed in recent times. I. S̲h̲erefli Ḳoč Ḥiṣāri̊ (in modern usage
Şerefli Koçhisarı , centre of an
ilçe (previously
ḳaḍāʾ ) formerly called Esb-kes̲h̲ān, in central Anatolia nowadays within the
il (
wilāyet ) of Ankara (formerly of Konya), 8 km east of the northeastern shores of the Tuz Gölü [
q.v.]. The town is situated on the road connecting Ankara with Adana via Aksaray, nowadays a major line of communication. The countryside around it is watered by a mountain stream and yields a va…
Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a, Yegen
(531 words)
, Gümrükčü (d. 1158/1745), Ottoman Grand Vizier. Son of a sister of the then influential statesman
Defterdār Kel Yūsuf Efendi (hence the surname “Nephew”), he was born in Antalya and began public life as a
Mültezim in the region of his origin. He went…
Sāliyāne
(463 words)
(transliterated also sālyāne ), a technical term in Ottoman administrative usage derived from the Persian
sāl (year) meaning "yearly", "yearly allowance" or "stipend". The term is applied especially to the yearly income allotted to some categories of provincial rulers and governors (1…
K̲h̲alīl Pas̲h̲a Ḳayṣariyyeli
(2,821 words)
, Ottoman Grand Vizier and admiral, born probably
ca. 1570, in the village of Zeytun (now Süleymanh) in the province of Maraş on the way to Ḳayseri, near Furnuz, at that time an Armenian village with a rich population (iron mines nearby, Andreasyan, 1964). It suffered heavily from destructions done by Ḏj̲elālī rebels. As a young boy, K̲h̲alīl was recruited by the
Devs̲h̲irme [
q.v.], (Uzunçarşih,
Kapikulu , i, 27, n. 4) and received the full education of the palace-school as an
ič og̲h̲lān …
Sulaymān Pas̲h̲a
(428 words)
, al-Faransawī (Sèves or Sève Pas̲h̲a, 1788-1860), one of the French officers serving in Muḥammad ʿAlī’s Pas̲h̲a’s [
q.v.] army. Joseph Anthelme Sève was the son of a Lyons draper. When fifteen years old, he enlisted as a gunner in the French army, and later served in the Hussars. He fought in Napoleon’s Prussian campaign (1806-7) and was promoted to the rank of adjutant, and during the “Hundred Days” (1814), he served on the staff of Marshal Grouchy. Dismissed by the royal government, he went to Egypt in 1815, and was eventually attached to the staff of Ibrāhīm Pas̲h̲a [
q.v.]. Sève became an…
Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a, Balṭad̲j̲i̊
(1,644 words)
, Ṭeberdār (1071-1124/1660-1 to 1712), Ottoman Grand Vizier under Sultan Aḥmed III [
q.v.]. Born in Osmancık (Merzifon), as the son of Turkish Muslim parents, he was able to enter the outside service of the Sultan’s palace thanks to patronage (
intisāb ). He began his career in a secretarial function. By favour and through the patronage of Ḥabes̲h̲ī ʿAlī Ag̲h̲a and other
bīrūn ag̲h̲a s, he entered the service of the
Wālide Sulṭān Ḵh̲adīd̲j̲e Tark̲h̲ān, attaining the rank of
k̲h̲alīfe in 1099/1687. The prince Aḥmed (the later Aḥmed III) appointed Meḥmed…
K̲h̲alīl Pas̲h̲a Ḥād̲jd̲j̲ī Arnawud
(886 words)
, Grand Vizier under the Ottoman Sulṭān Aḥmad III. He was an Albanian from Elbaṣān born
ca. 1655. At the time his elder brother Sinān Āg̲h̲ā was
Bostand̲j̲i̊ Bas̲h̲i̊ [
q.v.], he entered the
Bostand̲j̲i̊ corps. After the latter’s death
ca. 1105/1649, he became attached to Ḳalayli̊ḳoz Aḥmad Pas̲h̲a and served under him in Bag̲h̲dād, where his protector was
beglerbegi …
Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a, Ḳaramānī
(1,300 words)
, Nis̲h̲ānd̲j̲i̊ , (d. 886/1481), Ottoman Grand Vizier and historian. A descendant of Ḏj̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī [
q.v.], he grew up in Ḳonya where he received his education as an
ʿālim …
Murād III
(2,378 words)
, twelfth Ottoman Sultan (ruled 982-1003/1574-95). He was born on 5 D̲j̲umāda I 953/4 July 1546 in the princely summer camp at Bozdaǧ Yayla near Manisa [
q.v.] where his father, the later Sultan Selīm II [
q.v.], resided as
…
Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a, Rūm
(722 words)
or Rūmī (d. 883/1478), Ottoman Grand Vizier. Being of
ḳul status, his origins, whether Greek or Albanian, are obscure. Sultan Meḥemmed II [
q.v.] admitted him into his intimate circle after the unsuccessful Albanian campaign of 870/1466 during which Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a became Second Vizier. In 1468/872 he joined the campaign against Ḳaramān [see ḳaramān-og̲h̲ullari̊ ], during which he manifested his rivalry with the Grand Vizier Maḥmūd Pas̲h̲a [
q.v.]. Instead of him, Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a was charged with the deportation of selected members of the populations of the cities of Ḳaramān, Ḳonya [
q.v…
Red̲j̲eb Pas̲h̲a
(459 words)
Topal (d. 1041/1632), Ottoman Grand Vizier under Sultan Murād IV [
q.v.]. Of Bosnian origin, he began his career in the
bostand̲j̲i̊ corps and attained the high office of
Bostand̲j̲i̊-bas̲h̲i̊ [
q.v.] in the reign of Aḥmed I [
q.v.]. Although slightly invalid (a sufferer from gout, hence
topal ), he continued his career: a vizier since 1031/1622,…
Ḳoylu Ḥiṣār
(371 words)
( Ḳoyunlu Ḥiṣār ), modern Koyulhisar, centre of an
ilçe of the province (
il) of Sivas in the valley of the Kelkit River along the old route from
Niksar to
…
Lāranda
(6,428 words)
, Larende or Karaman in modern Turkish usage, earlier Turkish Ḳaramān or Dārende, a provincial town in Anatolia, is the seat of one of the thirteen districts of Ḳonya [
…
Ḳoyul Hiṣār
(116 words)
(Ḳoyunlu Ḥiṣār), more properly Ḳoyun Ḥiṣār , the name for two Byzantine fortresses: 1. identical with Baphaeon, to the north-east of Izmīd, the site of the first battle won by ʿOt̲h̲mān…
Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a, Čerkes
(385 words)
(d. 1034/1625), Ottoman Grand Vizier. Educated in the palace school or Enderūn [
q.v.], he reached the rank of
silāḥdār and left the palace with the appointment of
Beglerbegi of Damascus. In 1621 he is mentioned as the fifth
Ḳubbe Wezīri̊ (Nāʿīmā,
Taʾrīk̲h̲ , Istanbul 1280, ii, 208). Upon the execution of the Grand Vizier Kemānkes̲h̲ ʿAlī Pas̲h̲a [
q.v.] (14 Ḏj̲umādā II 1033/3 April 1624), Murād IV [
q.v.] forced him to accept the appointment of himself as successor. Čerkes Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a thus became commander-in-chief of the army sent to suppress the revolt of Abāzā Meḥmed Pas̲h̲a [see abāzā…