Schlesier, Renate (Paderborn) A. Therapeutic Method and Scientific Theory (CT) [German version] 1. Freud (CT) The term 'psychoanalysis' was invented in 1896 by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) [3], initially as a designation for the 'cathartic' method of "rendering conscious the hitherto unconscious" (“Bewußtbarmarchung des bisher Unbewußten”) [4. 381], which he first practised (together with Joseph Breuer [25]) in treating hysteria. From the application of this method it emerged that pathological symptoms of psychon…

Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) [German version] A. Terminology (CT) Neither Greek nor Latin had a word that precisely corresponds to the modern term 'religion' in its academic sense, whether to designate a specific cultural subsystem ('the religion of the Aztecs') or to refer to the anthropological constant of religion. This modern concept was a result of the Enlightenment and ethnological discoveries, and dates only to the Early Modern era. Ancient concepts focused on individual areas: the Greek thrēskeía, 'worship', and the Greek eusébeia refer only to ritual in the collective…