, ancienne tribu arabe d’origine obscure. Des généalogistes musulmans lui supposent une ascendance muḍarite en se fondant sur une parole attribuée au Prophète selon laquelle l’ancêtre de la tribu, ʿAmr b. Luḥayy [ q.v.], descendait de Ḳamaʿa (= ʿUmayr) b. Ḵh̲indif, donc de Muḍar (Ibn His̲h̲ām, Sīra, Caire 1355/1936, I, 78; al-Balād̲h̲urī, Ansāb, I, Caire 1959, 34; al-Fāsī, S̲h̲ifāʾ al-G̲h̲arām biak̲h̲bār al-balad al-ḥarām, Caire 1956, II, 44-5; Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī, Nasab Ḳurays̲h̲, Caire 1953, 7-8, 11; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Inbāh ʿalā ḳabāʾil al-ruwāh, Nad̲j̲af 1386/1966, 97-8;…

, an ancient Arab tribe of obscure origin. Muslim genealogists assuming a Muḍarī origin of K̲h̲uzāʿa based their argument on an utterance attributed to the Prophet according to which the ancestor of the tribe, ʿAmr b. Luḥayy [ q.v.] was a descendant of Ḳamaʿa (= ʿUmayr) b. K̲h̲indif, thus tracing their pedigree to Muḍar (Ibn His̲h̲ām, al-Sīra al-nabawiyya , ed. al-Saḳāʾ, al-Abyārī and S̲h̲alabī, Cairo 1355/1936, i, 78; al-Balād̲h̲urī, Ansāb al-as̲h̲rāf , ed. Muḥammad Ḥamīdullāh, Cairo 1959, i, 34; al-Fāsī, S̲h̲ifāʾ al-g̲h̲arām bi-ak̲h̲bār al-balad al-ḥarām …

, abū ʿabd allāh or abū yaḥyā or abū muḥammad or abū ʿabd rabbihi , a Companion of the Prophet. Tradition is not unanimous about his origin. Some reports state that his father was captured in a raid launched by the Rabīʿa in the Sawād, sent to Mecca and sold as a slave to Sibāʿ b. ʿAbd al-ʿUẓzā al-K̲h̲uzāʿī, a confederate ( ḥalīf ) of the Banū Zuhra; Sibāʿ (who was later killed by Ḥamza in the battle of Uḥud) gave him as a gift to his daughter Umm Anmār who freed him. In a tradition attributed to ʿAlī he is said to have been the first of the Nabaṭ to embrace Islam. Other tradition…

b. riyāḥ b. al-ḥārit̲h̲ b. muk̲h̲ās̲h̲in , abū ḥayda (or Abu ’l-Ḥaffād, Ansāb ; the verse quoted there is, however, attributed in K. al-Muʿammarīn , 92, to Rabīʿa b. ʿUzayy, also of Usayyid) of the clan of Usayyid, a branch of the tribe of Tamīm, was one of the judges of the d̲j̲āhiliyya . The biography of Akt̲h̲am consists mostly of legendary stories. Numerous traditions tell of missions by kings and chiefs to ask advice from him. The utterances of Akt̲h̲am contain wise sayings about life, friendship, behaviour, virtue, wome…

b. Riyāh b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. Muk̲h̲ās̲h̲in, Abū Ḥayda (ou Abū l-Ḥaffād d’après Ansāb, où le vers cité est attribué dans K. al-Muʿammarīn, 92, à Rabīʿa b. ʿUzayy), du clan Usayyid de la tribu de Tamīm, était considéré comme l’un des juges et des sages de la Ḏj̲āhiliyya. Sa biographie consiste essentiellement en anecdotes légendaires, où l’on voit des rois et des chefs de tribus lui envoyer des messagers pour le consulter. Ses recommandations comprennent des sentences sur la vie, l’amitié, la morale, la vertu, les femme…

b. Nād̲j̲iya b. Kaʿnab b. ʿAttāb b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. ʿAmr b. Hammām al-Riyāḥī , al-Yarbūʿī , al-Tamīmī came at the head of a troop of 1000 horsemen from al-Ḳādisiyya as a vanguard of the forces sent by ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, the governor of al-ʿIrāḳ against al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib [ q.v.]. The latter was advancing at the time with a group of his kindred and followers in the direction of al-Kūfa. Al-Ḥurr was ordered to follow closely the group of al-Ḥusayn so as to bring him to ʿUbayd Allāh in al-Kūfa; he was however not told to fight. Accordi…

b. Zuhayr (or: b. Mālik b. Zuhayr) b. al-Ḥuṣayn b. Rizāḥ b. Asʿad b. Bud̲j̲ayr (or: S̲h̲ud̲j̲ayr) b. Rabīʿa, Abū Ayyūb (or: Abū Ḳudāma, or: Abū Yazīd) al-Tamīmī , al-Saʿdī , nicknamed “al-Muḥarriḳ”, the “Burner”—was a Companion of the Prophet (about the identity of D̲j̲āriya b. Ḳudāma with D̲j̲uwayriya b. Ḳudāma see Tahd̲h̲īb , ii, 54, 125, and Iṣāba , i, 227, 276). D̲j̲āriya gained his fame as a staunch supporter of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. According to a tradition quoted by Ibn Saʿd ( Ṭabaḳāt , vii/1, 38) D̲j̲āriya witnessed the attempt at the assassination of ʿ…

b. Nād̲j̲iya b. Ḳaʿnab b. ʿAttāb b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. ʿAmr b. Hammām al-Riyāḥī, al-Yarbūʿī, al-Tamīmī vint d’al-Ḳādisiyya à la tête d’un contingent de 1 000 cavaliers en avantgarde des troupes envoyées par ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, gouverneur du Irak, contre al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib [ q.v.]; ce dernier avançait alors avec un groupe de parents et de partisans dans la direction d’al-Kūfa. Al-Ḥurr reçut l’ordre de suivre de près le groupe d’al-Ḥusayn de façon à le conduire auprès de ʿUbayd Allāh à al-Kūfa, mais non de combattre. En conséquence,…

b. ʿiḳāl b. muḥammad b. sufyān b. mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ b. dārim , Tamīmite warrior. Al-Aḳraʿ is an epithet ("bald"); his proper name (Firās? Ḍull?) is disputed. He is said to have been the last judge in the d̲j̲āhiliyya at ʿUkāẓ, having inherited this office (which was a privilege of Tamīm) from his ancestors; he performed this duty until the rise of Islam, giving his judgments in sad̲j̲ʿ (al-Ḏj̲āḥiẓ, Bayān , i, 236). He is said also to have been the first to prohibit games of chance ( ḳimār ), but was accused of partiality in the controversy between Bad̲j̲īla and K…

b. Zuhayr (ou b. Mālik b. Zuhayr) b. al-Ḥusayn b. Rizāḥ b. As’ad b. Bud̲j̲ayr (ou S̲h̲ud̲j̲ayr) b. Rabīʿa, Abū Ayyūb (ou Abū Ḳudāma, ou Abū Yazīd) al-Tamīmī, al-Saʿdī, surnommé al-Muḥarriḳ «l’incendiaire » — Compagnon du Prophète (sur l’identité de Ḏj̲āriya b. Ḳudāma/Ḏj̲uwavriya b. Ḳudāma, voir Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar, Tahd̲h̲īb, II, 54, 125, et Iṣāba, I, 227, 276). Ḏj̲āriya doit sa réputation a l’appui loyal qu’il donna à ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. Selon une tradition citée par Ibn Saʿd ( Ṭabaḳāt, VII/1, 38), Ḏj̲āriya fut témoin de la tentative d’assassinat de ʿUmar; il était ensuite à Baṣr…

b. ʿIḳāl b. Muḥammad b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ b. Dārim, guerrier tamīmite. Selon les traditions des premiers historiens arabes, il fut le dernier juge de la d̲j̲āhiliyya à ʿUkāẓ; cette charge était censée appartenir aux Tamīm, et il la remplit jusqu’à l’apparition de l’Islam; selon al-Ḏj̲āḥiẓ, il rendait ses jugements en sad̲j̲ʿ. On dit qu’il fut le premier à prohiber les jeux de hasard ( ḳimār), mais il fut accusé de partialité dans la controverse entre Bad̲j̲īla et Kalb. Il prit part à la bataille de Zubāla, fut fait prisonnier, et fut libéré par Bisṭām b. Ḳays. Un aut…

b. sinān b. k̲h̲ālid b. minḳar b. ʿubayd b. muḳāʿis , abū ʿalī (according to other versions: abū ṭalḥa or abū Ḳabīṣa ), a muk̲h̲aḍram chief of the Banū Muḳāʿis and leader of his tribe. Tribal tradition emphasised his generosity, care for people under his protection, mildness and leniency. Al-Aḥnaf b. Ḳays reported the story, recorded in the compilations of adab , of how Ḳays b. ʿĀṣim received calmly the news about the murder of his son and magnanimously pardoned the murderer who was brought fettered into his presence. A poet of Sulaym, ʿAbbās b. Mirdās, praised his noble behaviour towards his dj…

, a group of Arab tribes of obscure origin. The opinions of the genealogists about their origin are contradictory. Some of them assert that they were descendants of Maʿadd, others say that they were from Ḥimyar. Both parties had recourse to traditions and utterances attributed to the Prophet, in which he is said either to have declared that Maʿadd’s kunya was Abu Ḳuḍāʿa, or to have stated explicitly that Ḳuḍāʿa is a descendant of Ḥimyar. Harmonising traditions reported that the mother of Ḳuḍāʿa was the wife of Mālik b. ʿAmr b. Murr…

(ou Sāwī) b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd b. ʿAbd Allāh, chef de la tribu tamīmite des Dārim. Les membres de la fraction de ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd étaient nommés, selon la tradition, al-Ispad̲h̲iyyūn, et ce nom, visiblement d’origine persane, leur aurait été donné parce qu’ils adoraient un cheval ( asp), mais une autre tradition l’explique par le fait qu’ils venaient d’un lieu appelé Ispad̲h̲; une troisième suppose que cette appellation était attachée à un groupe de fractions tribales éparses qui s’étaient réunies ( al-d̲j̲ummāʿ). Des savants occidentaux ont supposé que leur nom venait du persan ispahb…

(or ʿUmayr ) b. Yazīd b. Sawā (or Sawwār ) b. Ward b. Murra b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ , Abū Ḥātim , leader of a rebellious movement in K̲h̲urāsān against the Umayyad administration. His father, Surayd̲j̲, had his abode in the quarter of the Banū Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ in Baṣra and received a yearly ʿaṭāʾ of 700 dirhams. Al-Ḥārit̲h̲ is mentioned as one of the courageous warriors in the battle against the forces of the K̲h̲āḳān at Paykand in n 1/729. He was flogged on the order of the governor of K̲h̲urāsān, al-Ḏj̲unayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Murrī, having oppos…

(or Sāwī) b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd b. ʿAbd Allāh, a chief of the tribal division of Dārim of Tamīm. The tribal branch of the ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd were, according to tradition, called al-Ispad̲h̲iyyūn . This name, obviously of Persian origin, is said to have referred to this people because they worshipped a horse ( asp ); according to another tradition, they were called so because they came from a place called Ispad̲h̲. A third tradition assumed that this name was attached to a group of scattered tribal factions joined together and united ( al-d̲j̲ummāʿ ). Some Western scho…

, b. Sinān b. Ḵh̲ālid b. Minḳar b. ʿUbayd b. Muḳāʿis, Abū ʿAlī (selon d’autres versions: Abū Ṭalḥa ou Abū Ḳabīṣa), chef muk̲h̲adram des Banū Muḳāʿis et de sa tribu. La tradition tribale a mis en relief sa générosité, le souci qu’il eut de la protection de ses sujets, sa douceur et sa clémence. Al-Aḥnaf b. Ḳays rapporte l’histoire, reprise dans les recueils d’ adab, de Ḳays b. ʿĀṣim recevant avec calme la nouvelle du meurtre de son fils et pardonnant avec magnanimité au meurtrier qui avait été amené enchaîné devant lui; un poète des Sulaym, ʿAbbās b. Mirdās, vanta son noble comportement envers son d…

(ou ʿUmayr) b. Yazīd b. Sawā (ou Sawwār) b. Ward b. Murra b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ Abū Ḥātim, chef d’un mouvement de rébellion au Ḵh̲urāsān contre le gouvernement umayyade. Son père habitait le quartier des Banū Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ à Baṣra et recevait un ʿaṭāʾ annuel de 700 dirhams. Al-Ḥārit̲h̲ est cité parmi les guerriers courageux à la bataille de Paykand, en 111/729, contre les troupes du k̲h̲āḳān. Il fut flagellé sur les ordres du gouverneur du Ḵh̲urāsān. al-Ḏj̲unayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Murrī, parce qu’il avait reproché à ce dernier son injustice; le passage…