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[German version] (also called Hierax). Son of Pachom (PP VIII 300b), father of Pamenches, attested as syngenḗs and stratēgós in various Egyptian nomes c. 50/30 BC. Besides his state offices, P. held a number of indigenous priestly offices, which subsequently also appear in the titles of his son. PP I/VIII 265; 301. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 119f. Nr. 0127.

[German version] (κωμάρχης; kōmárchēs). Expressive designation for an official of the Ptolemaic and Roman period in Egypt, who was responsible for all the concerns of village administration ( kṓmē ), was subordinate to the toparches and nomarches (the komarches was also active in metropoleis, being responsible for city districts). In the Ptolemaic period, the office of the dioikētḗs appointed him, and it was a (much) aspired post. The komarches came from the village for which he was responsible. The differentiation from the komogrammateús is difficult; he w…

(Λάγος, Λαγός/ Lágos, Lagós; personal name not from lagṓs, ‘hare’, but probably from laoí, ‘people’). [German version] [1] Macedonian from Eordaia or Orestis, father of Ptolemy I Macedonian from Eordaea or Orestis. His status is unknown; no definite conclusion about high nobility can be drawn from his marriage to Arsinoe [II 1]. Father of Ptolemaios I and Menelaus. Ptolemy fostered the memory of L.: a hippodrome in Alexandria and a town in Arsinoe were called Lágeion. The legend of Philippus II fathering Ptolemy I is, therefore, probably of later origin. The Ptolemies …

[German version] (Καφισοφῶν; Kaphisophôn). Son of Philippus (PP 6, 16640), from Cos, doctor (?); theorós ( Theoria, Theoroi) of Ptolemy II or III sent to the sanctuary of Asclepius of Cos. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography S. Sherwin-White, Ancient Cos, 1978, 103.

[German version] Son of Paious (?), established himself during the Civil War (132-124 BC) as counter-pharaoh and was the last Egyptian who carried the title ‘Pharaoh’. He was presumably supported by the Theban priests; between 26 June and November 131 BC, dating was based on him in Thebes, but already on 10 November, he was no longer recognized there. He fled to the north, where his rebellion came to an end before 15 September 130. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Vandorpe, City of Many a Gate, in: S. P. Vleeming (ed.), Hundred-Gated Thebes, 1995, 203-239, esp. 233ff. B. C. McGing, R…

[German version] (τραπεζίτης/ trapezítēs). Leader in Egypt of the state bank (Ptolemaic: basilikḕ trápeza, 'royal bank'; Roman period: dēmosía trápeza, 'public bank') in the mētropóleis (Metropolis) of the nomes ( Nomos [2]) but also in smaller towns. The trapezites changed money, collected taxes and other monies intended for the state exchequer and passed them on to the Basilikón (Royal Exchequer). His role is comparable with those of the sitólogos ('grain commissioner') and the kollybistḗs ('money changer'). Under the Ptolemies trapezitai usually leased their posts; from…

[German version] (καταλογεῖον; katalogeîon). Administrative office under the control of the archidikastḗs in Alexandria where, from the Augustan period onwards, civil documents were registered, processed and copied; the original was taken (from AD 127, POxy. 34) to the Hadrianḕ bibliothḗkē and the copy to the toû Nanaíou bibliothḗkē (comparable procedure under the Ptolemies?). In Roman times the katalogeion also handled the lists of ephebes. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography F. Burkhalter, Archives locales et archives centrales en Egypte, in: Chiron 20, 1990, 1…

[German version] (Θρασέας/ Thraséas). Son of Aëtus [1], father of Ptolemaeus [29] and Apollonius (187-175 probably his brother's successor as Seleucidian governor, cf. 2 Macc 3:5), citizen of Aspendus, Alexandria [1] and Athens (after 224; T. is honoured for obtaining copious gifts [1. 46 f. no. 17 E]); like his father strategos of Cilicia under Ptolemaeus [6] III (after 238), strategos of Syria and Phoenicia under Ptolemaeus [7] IV (between 217 and 204). His homonymous son (PP VI 14977) worked as a high official from Cyprus and hosted Delphic theōroí (Theoria) in Tamassus [4. 12328]…

[German version] (τρυφή; tryph ḗ). A specifically Ptolemaic ruler ideal (cf. the epithet Trýphōn, Trýphaina), arising out of the cult of the victorious Dionysus and his celebrations. Thryphe meant rule providing splendour and brilliance, wealth and fortune. Since it also included the fertility of the land, it could be linked to perceptions of the activities of the pharaoh. On the other hand, as a Greek term for luxus with negative connotations, thryphe was connected, e.g. under the influence of Stoicism, with (particularly 'oriental') softness and effeminacy (Latin luxuria, effemi…

[German version] [1] N. I High priest of Ptah, at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC Also called Anemher I. Father of N. [2] II, high priest of Ptah (Phthas) in Memphis at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC. PP III/IX 5365. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] N. II High priest of Ptah, 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC Also called Petobastis I, high priest of Ptah in Memphis in the 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC, in addition prophet  of Arsinoë [II 3] II and prophet of Philotera; son of N. [1] I, father of Anemher [2] II, ancestor of Petobastis III. PP III/IX 5361; 5362; 5364 (cf. [1]). Ame…

[German version] Son of Horus, c. 170-116 BC, παρασχίστης ( paraschístēs) and ‘capo ritualista’ in the necropolis of Djem. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography P. W. Pestman, L'archivio di Amenothes, 1981.

[German version] Egyptian, born in c. 139 BC, owner of a family archive stretching back over five generations. The family is an example of the occasional integration of Greeks into Egyptian families. Several brothers of P. served in the army, as did members of earlier generations; P. himself appears to have managed the family's affairs; documents concerning him come from the years 114-88 BC. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography P.W. Pestman, in: Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava 14, 1965, 47ff.  N. Lewis, Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1986, 139ff.  J. Bingen, Vente de terre par Pétéharsem…

[German version] (Κρόκος). Stratēgós ( autokrátōr;  Lochos) of Cyprus during the Egyptian civil war 131-124/3 BC. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt, 1976, 259 L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 191f. no. 0354.

[German version] (Μαρδίων; Mardíōn). Slave or statesman of Cleopatra VII. The propaganda of Octavian declared him, a eunuch, to be responsible for leading the Egyptian state (PP VI 14615). Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] From Caunus, father of Zeno, visits Egypt in 253 BC. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography H. Hauben, Les vacances d'Agréophon (253 av. J. C.), in: CE 60, 1985, 102-108.

[German version] Dissimilated form of Arabarches in the Josephus-MSS AP 11, 383 and the texts cited below (different from [1]). The identification with an independent office of the Jewish community is impossible (see TAM 2,1, 256; Cod. lust. 4,61,9); BCH 16, 1892, 119 no. 44. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 Abd-El-Ghany, The Arabs in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt through papyri and inscriptions, in: L. Criscuolo, G. Geraci (ed.), Egitto e storia antica, 1989, 233-242, 236 f.

[German version] (Ποθεῖνος/ Potheînos). Eunuch, nutricius ('tutor') of Ptolemaeus [20] XIII (Caes. B Civ. 3,108), probably appointed guardian by the will of Ptolemy [18] XII. His precise position at the court of Alexandria is unclear. If P. is indeed an amicus regis (Caes. B Civ. 3,104,1), this was probably not the same as one of the court titles phílos; Cassius Dio (42,36,1) describes him as tḕn dioíkēsin tôn toû Ptolemaíou chrēmátōn prostetagménos ('administrator of the goods of Ptolemy') - this may refer to the office of dioikētḗs , which, however, P. can har…

[German version] (Χελκίας; Chelkías). Son of Onias IV; brother of Ananias (died 103). From 105-103 BC commander of the army of  Cleopatra III. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography PP 2, 2183; 8, 342a.

[German version] (or possibly Rufinus, cf. [1. 163 f.4]). Son of a freedman of Caesar (cf. [2. I 56]), whom the latter left behind in Alexandria [1] in 47 BC as the commander of three legions. R.'s characterization as Caesar's 'lover' ( exoletus: Suet. Iul. 76,3) is likely to be polemical. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 P. Graindor, La Guerre d'Alexandrie, 1931 2 H. Solin, Die stadtrömischen Sklavennamen, 1996. G. Geraci, Genesi della provincia romana d'Egitto, 1983, 26 f.

[German version] Greek name: Asclepiades ( ho kaì Asklēpiádēs héllēn enchṓrios tôn katoíkōn), son of Petesouchus, Greek: Ammónios ( toû kaì Ammoníou), and grandson of Asclepiades (PTebtunis I 164). He is a typical example of how double Graeco-Egyptian names could be used in Ptolemaic Egypt, according to context. M. is mentioned again in August 119 BC as kōmogrammateús of Cerceosiris. He served until 111 BC. M.'s ‘archive’ (PTebt I; IV) is the most important source for the office of kōmogrammateús in the Ptolemaic period. The necessary payments for M.'s official appointment…