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[German version] Western Roman usurper in the year AD 413. He murdered  Stilicho in Ravenna in 408 and was rewarded for this by being named comes Africae (Zos. 5,37,6). In spite of the despotism he practiced there he was made consul in 413 (Oros. 7,42,10), but he revolted against  Honorius [3] and landed near Rome with a large fleet. He was defeated and condemned to death on the 3rd of August 413 (Cod. Theod. 15,14,13). He fled to Carthage, where he was killed (Oros. 7,42,14; Zos. 6,7ff.; Chron. min. 1,467, 654; 2,18,71 Mommsen). Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 539f. A. Deman…

Common Roman cognomen ('venerable') . Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Greek grammarian (Πρεῖσκος/ Preîskos). The 3rd cent. AD PTurner 39 (PIenensis inv. 267), a book catalogue from a private library, presents at line 4 'a commentary on epic verses by P.' [2], who is identified as one of the two Prisci mentioned in Ov. Pont. 4,16,10 ( Priscus uter); he may be identical to Clutorius Priscus, the Roman equestrian and poet mentioned in Tac. Ann. 3,49 and Cass. Dio 57,20,3-4. Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) Bibliography 1 SH 710 A 2 R. Otranto, Antiche liste di libri su papi…

(Ἰσίδωρος; Isídōros). [German version] [1] Pirate captain, defeated by Lucullus at Tenedus in 72 BC Pirate captain who organized the Cilician pirates in the area around Crete, was besieged in 78 BC by P. Servilius Isauricus (Flor. 1,41,3), later entered the service of Mithridates and in 72 was defeated by Lucullus in the naval battle of Tenedos at the entrance to the Dardanelles (App. Mithr. 77, Memnon 42,2 = FHG 3,548) and killed (Plut. Lucullus 12.2). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] I. of Charax Geographer, end of 1st cent. BC Geographer, certainly of the Augustan p…

[German version] [1] Flavius I. 361 AD magister equitum of Iulianus [11] In AD 361 Magister Equitum of  Iulianus [11] (Amm. Marc. 21,8,3; 22,3,1), in 363 Mag. Mil. per Gallias (Amm. Marc. 25,8,11; 10,6-17; 26,5,1-3). I. continued to hold these offices under Valentinianus and Valens. In 366 victory over the Alamanni on the upper Mosel (Amm. Marc. 27,2). He was consul in 367, and remained active in Gaul and Britain until 369. He was a Christian and built the church of Saint Agricola in Reims (CIL XIII 3256). PLRE 1, 462f. (F.I. 6). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) …

[German version] [1] Writer of a paean, c. 300 BC? Author of a paean to Apollo and Asclepius passed down to us in inscriptions (1st cent. BC) in Delphi, created perhaps already around 300 BC [1; 2], in dactylic metre [3]. Probably not identical with M. [2] (thus still [4]). The content and structure of the paean closely follow the Erythraean paean and Isyllus; cf. Ariphron. Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography 1 W. Peek, Att. Versinschr. (Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wiss. Leipzig, Philol.-histor. Klasse 69/2), 1980, 45f. (Text) 2 L. Käppel, Paian, 1992, 200-206, 383f. (text…

[German version] Oldest historian of the Britons with the epithet Sapiens. G. was a Romanized Celt from western Britain, was born before AD 504 and wrote before 547, as a Christian who was fully committed to Roman culture, the work De excidio et conquestu Britanniae that was important for the history of the island during and after the decline of Roman rule. A description of the topography is followed by the history in Roman times, emphasizing the events of Church history. The invasion of the Anglo-Saxons is interpreted as a punishment fro…

[German version] Gallic aristocrat, named comes et magister utriusque militiae per Gallias by emperor  Maiorianus in AD 456 or 457, lost Cologne to the Franks, wrested Lyon from the Burgundians in 458 and defended Arles against the West Goths, whom he defeated in 463 in league with the Salic king Childerich at Orléans. In 461 he refused to recognize Maiorianus' successor and created for himself in North Gallia an independent power base centred in Soisson, which he, until his death in 464/65, asserted above…

[German version] Attested in the general sense of ‘list’ from Tertullianus (Ad nat. 1,13), common as a technical term for the list of all civil and military office bearers from the 4th cent. AD. In the notitia dignitatum , among the insignia of the primicerius notariorum a codex-like object (probably a container for loose sheets) with the supplement laterculum maius (Not. Dign. Or. 18,2; Not. Dign. Occ. 16,3) is to be found. It was the list of the high imperial offices, presumably kept by the most senior notary from the time of Constantinus [1] I, as it…

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio Orientis 405-414 AD Probably sent to Persia as an envoy in AD 383, comes sacrarum larg. (eastern region) in AD 400; magister officiorum (eastern region) at the latest in AD 404, cos. 405; at the latest from AD 406 patricius. A. gained considerable political influence in his role as praefectus praetorio Orientis from AD 405-414, initially under Arcadius, later under the underage Theodosius II. He was a Christian, but looked upon pagan culture with an open mind [1. 82 f.]. Through the building of walls, he took…

(Ἡράκλειος; Hērákleios). Two prominent Sicilians known from the trial of  Verres in 70 BC: [German version] [1] Citizen of Syracuse, 1st cent. BC The son of a certain Hieron, a wealthy citizen of Syracuse. In 73 BC he inherited from a homonymous relative a magnificent house including furnishings and 3 million sesterces (Cic. Verr. 2,14,35). Because of the machinations of Verres, who contested the will, H. lost his wealth and the inheritance. The real estate was returned to him by L. Caecilius [I 13] Metellus, the successor of Verres (Cic. Verr. 2,19,47-50; 25,62). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) …

[German version] The NUC is a description of the 14 regions of Constantinopolis with their churches, palaces, baths, etc., as well as a listing of municipal officials. This compilation, written in Latin, was drawn up under the Emperor Theodosius II around AD 425. Notitia dignitatum; Theodosius II Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography Edition: O. Seeck, Notitia dignitatum, 1876, 227-243. Literature: P. Speck, Zur Datierung der N.u.C., in: H.-G. Beck (ed.), Studien zur Frühgeschichte Konstantinopels, 1973, 144ff.

[German version] (Ζήμαρχος/ Zḗmarchos). Magister militum per Orientem under the emperor Iustinus [4] II, a Cilician by origin who led a legation to the khan Sizabulus of the Turks (AD 552-576) to the central Asiatic region of Sogdiana in the years 569-571/2, rather than 568/9. He took part in Sizabulus' campaign against the Persians, concluded a treaty with the Turks and returned after an adventuresome voyage over the Volga. The account of this legation is very important for its information about the T…

Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) I. To 1600 (CT) [German version] A. History and Social Development under Carolingian Rule to 918 (CT) The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor (800) laid the foundation for the medieval German empire. In a lengthy process, the German people evolved from those Germanic tribes that had remained settled during the great migration of the peoples, together with some foederati, Rome's former allies. Larger communities developed around many villae, still evident in some place names, particularly in the Rhineland, but settlements also develope…

[German version] Spanish relative, probably cousin, of the emperor Honorius [3]; after the collapse of the resistance put up by his brothers Didymus and Verenianus against the usurper Constantinus [3] III in Spain in AD 408/9, he fled to the eastern part of the Empire (Zos. 6,4,4; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 9,12,1; cf. Oros. 7,40,5-8). PLRE 2,654; cf. 358, 1099, 1155. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin)

[German version] A. Work Historia Augusta (HA) is the modern title of the Scriptores historiae Augustae (SHA), as Casaubonus in 1603, following the Vita Taciti (10,3), named the six otherwise unknown authors Aelius Spartianus, Iulius Capitolinus, Vulcacius Gallicanus, Aelius Lampridius, Trebellius Pollio and Flavius Vopiscus from Syracuse. They feature as the compilers of a collection of  biographies of Roman emperors, heirs apparent and usurpers from the time of Hadrian (AD 117-138) to Numerianus and Carinus (283-284/…

[German version] [1] AD 350 possibly magister militum of the usurper Magnentius In AD 350, possibly as magister militum of the usurper Magnentius, he pursued the fleeing emperor Constans, and killed him during his arrest in the Pyrenean town of Helena ([Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 41,23; Zos. 2,42,5). In 351, he was consul together with Magnentius (Chron. min. 1, 69 Mommsen). PLRE 1, 380. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Official under Honorius AD 409 Comes sacrarum largitionum under Honorius probably in AD 409, and comes et magister officiorum in 410 (Cod. lust. 4,61,12…

[German version] [1] Flavius Eparchius A. West Roman emperor 9.7.455-17.10.456 West Roman emperor 9.7.455-17.10.456, born c. 400 in Clermont. He came from a family of senators from the Auvergne, came to have some influence over the king of the West Goths,  Theoderic I and, as praef. praetorio Galliarum in 439, he negotiated a peace treaty with the king and persuaded him to join sides in the war against the Huns in 451 (Sid. Apoll. Carm. 7,295-355). In 455, A. was appointed mag. militum praesentalis by the emperor Petronius  Maximus and after the latter's overthrow was himself…

[German version] Sister of the emperor Iustinianus [1] I, married to Dulcidius, mother of Praeiecta, of the magister militum and patricius Marcellus [7] and of the emperor Iustinus [4] II, who was born c. AD 510-515; she was still alive for his ascension to the throne in 565 and she had influence over him (Procop. Vand. 2,24,3; Victor Tonnunensis, Chron. Min. ed. Mommsen: MGH AA 2,206; Corippus, In laudem Iustini, praef. 21 f.; 1,8 f.; 2,283). Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography A. Cameron (ed.), Corippus, In laudem Iustini (with an English translation and commentary…

[German version] Comes and alongside Aetius [2], influential magister militum in Gaul, fought from AD 435 with Hunnic troops primarily against the Visigoths. L. subjugated Aremorica, laid waste to the land of the Arvernians, liberated Narbo from the Gothic siege and in 439 was captured near Tolosa and killed by the Goths (Chron. min. 1,475f.; 2,23 Mommsen; Sid. Apoll. Carm. 7,246-50, 300-303; Salv. Gub. 7,10). Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 684f. A. Demandt, s.v. magister militum, RE Suppl. 12, 553-790, esp. 666f.

[German version] [1] Flavius F. Praefectus praetorio Galliarum AD 357-360 Was praefectus praetorio Galliarum from AD 357 to 360. At his instigation, Constantius [2] II had his auxiliary troops withdrawn from Gaul, which resulted in Julian's elevation (Julian. Ep. 282c; Amm. Marc. 20,4,2). In 360 Constantius appointed him praefectus praetorio Illyrici and in 361 honoured him with the consulate (Amm. Marc. 21,6,5). After Julian's victory he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Commission of Calchedon (Amm. Marc. 22,3,6). He is probably identical to the homonymous comes of Const…

[German version] I Greek (Ῥουφῖνος/ Rhouphînos). [German version] [I 1] Epigrammatist Greek epigrammatist; dating uncertain (Neronian/Flavian era? [2; 4]; 2nd cent. AD? [3]; late 4th cent. AD? [1]); origin unknown (Anth. Pal. 5,9: residence in Ephesus). 37 erotic poems are extant, all in Anth. Pal. 5,2-103 (on this so-called Sylloge Rufiniana, perhaps also from the 4th cent. AD, cf. [5]). With the exception of the paederastic poem 28 (cf. also 19), R.' epigrams, in which 13 women's names are mentioned (two further fictitious ones in 44,1), tr…

[German version] Praefectus urbis Constantinopolitanae in AD 543; while in office, he resumed charge of the capital's grain supply, which John the Cappadocian ( Iohannes [16]) had assigned to the praefectus praetorio Orientis (Lydus, Mag. 3,38; Nov. Iust. 125). Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 3 A, 498 Stein, Spätröm. R., vol. 2, 441.

(Γαυδέντιος; Gaudéntios). [German version] [1] G. Philosophus Musician and philosopher Author of an introduction to harmony, Ἁρμονικὴ εἰσαγωγή ( Harmonikḕ eisagōgḗ) ─ probably written in line with Claudius Ptolemy's ─ translated into Latin by Cassiodorus' friend Mutianus (Cassiod. Inst. 2,5,142 Mynors). The incompletely preserved work (in 23 chapters) contains traditional teachings in a slightly modified form, especially from Aristoxenus and the Pythagoreans: voice, sound, interval, modes, composition (1-7), unison…

Roman cognomen, which originally designated bodily size or birth order (‘the Elder’), as in the Republican period in the case of Sp. Postumius Albinus M. ( cos. 148 BC) and T. Roscius M. (Cic. Rosc. Am. 17) [1. 275; 3. 47]. As an assumption of the epithet of Alexander [4] ‘the Great’ (ὁ μέγας/ ho mégas, in the sense of great historical importance), first taken by Cn. Pompeius ( cos. 70 and 55) in the 1st cent. BC, then inherited by his sons Cn. and Sex. Pompeius and their descendants. Sex. Pompeius used M. also as a praenomen resp. nomen gentile [4. 364f.]. In the Imperial period, more frequen…

[German version] Comes et magister utriusque militiae per Gallias in the years AD 451/52-456/457, then replaced by emperor  Maiorianus with  Aegidius and accused, deployed again by  Ricimer in 461 and sent to Gallia, where he gave over the city of Narbo 462 to the West Goths, in order to win them over against Aegidius (Chron. min. 2, 26, 33 Mommsen; MGH SS rer. Merov. 3,109; 149-152). PLRE 2, 37 f. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography D. Henning, Periclitans res publica, 1999

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio 408 to 410 BC Praefectus praetorio Illyrici from AD 408 to 410 (Cod. Theod. 12,1,172; 15,1,49), in whose honour the Sophists erected statues in Athens and Megara (IG II2 4224f.; VII 93).  Iohannes Chrysostomos sent him epist. 201. PLRE 2, 545. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) [German version] [2] see Maximianus see  Maximianus

[German version] Flavius Macrobius L., in AD 399 comes sacrarum largitionum ( comes, comites ), as praefectus urbi had the walls and gates of Rome restored in 401-402 because of the threat of the Goths (ILS 797). In 406 L. became praef. praet. italiae, as a friend of Stilicho, when he was overthrown, L. was assassinated on 13 August 408 (Zos. 5,32,7; cf. Sozom. Hist. eccl. 9,4,7). Symmachus wrote to him epist. 7,93-101. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2,686f. A. Chastagnol, Fastes de la préfecture de Rome, 1962, 255-257 v. Haehling 311-313.

Roman cognomen (‘The Fortunate One’), in the Republican period initially an epithet of the dictator L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla and his descendants (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in the Imperial period, as a name invoking luck, one of the most common cognomina and the most common slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period, probably a contemporary of  Dioscurides [8], named together with  Anteros in an inscription as a gemari de sacra via [1. 44 and note 40]. He signed the famous sard…

[German version] [0] C. U. Antoninus Proconsul of Lycia-Pamphylia (communication from M. Waelkens). Whether he is identical with the senator U. Antoninus who participated in the secular games of AD 204 [1] must remain an open question. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, s. v. U. (25), RE Supplementum 14, 935. [German version] [1] M. U. Arabianus Senator from Amastris [4] in Pontus; cos. suff.; consular governor of Syria Palaestina (Syria) between AD 187 and 190 (IGR III 85 = [1. 163, no. 16]); procos. of Africa around 200 (CIL VIII 15876). His son was M. U. Domitius…

[German version] [1] Armenian, about AD 350, had great influence at the court in Constantinople Armenian, held his first office in the imperial administration in AD 356-357 (Lib. Ep. 538 Foerster), praefectus Aegypti in 361-362. In 364-365 (without office) he had great influence at the court in Constantinople (Lib. Ep. 1484 etc.). PLRE 1, 393 (G. 2). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [2] Commander of the city of Tomi AD 384-387 Commander of the city of Tomi in AD 384-387. He had barbarians in Roman service executed for planning an assault…

[German version] The Notitia regionum urbis (Romae) XIV, also known as the Libellus de regionibus urbis Romae, is the most comprehensive source for the administrative structure of the city's 14 districts and for the stock of buildings in ancient Rome. Its core description of the city dates back to the reign of Constantinus [1] I, with interpolations from the 4th cent. Notitia dignitatum; Roma Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography Edition: A. Nordh, 1949.

[German version] Iusta Grata H., western Roman empress. Daughter of  Constantius [6] III and of  Galla [3] Placidia, elder sister of  Valentinianus III, born in AD 417 or 418 (Olympiodorus fr. 34 FHG IV 65; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 9,16,2), probably became Augusta before 437 (ILS 817f.). She was forced to take a vow of eternal virginity, but in 449 was expelled from court because of an affair with her procurator and she became betrothed to a senator. She then asked  Attila, king of the Huns, for help an…

[German version] [1] Late-Roman senator, c. AD 527, praefectus urbis Romae Late-Roman senator, brother of Pope Vigilius, c. AD 527 praefectus urbis Romae under the Gothic king Athalaric. In 536, he was interned by the Goths in Ravenna. He fled to Liguria, and in 538, Belisarius appointed him praefectus praetorio (Italiae) in Mediolan(i)um [1] (Milan), where he was assassinated in 539 by the victorious Goths (Cassiod. Var. 9,7; Procop. Goth 1,26,1 f.; 2,12,34 f.; 21,40). Ostrogoths Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 939 f., 1323  Rubin 2, 109, 126 f.  Ch. Schäfer, Der wes…

[English version] [1] Praefectus praetorio 222 oder 223 n. Chr. Praefectus praetorio mit (Geminius) Chrestus im Jahre 222 oder 223 n.Chr. Als ihnen auf Drängen der Iulia Mamaea Domitius Ulpianus von Severus Alexander als Praetorianerpraefekt übergeordnet wurde, meuterte die Garde, worauf Ulpianus F. und Chrestus töten ließ (Cass. Dio 80,2,2; Zos. 1,11,2). PIR2 F 180. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [English version] [2] Virius Nicomachus F. heidnischer, stadtröm. Aristokrat; Freund des Symmachus Dominierende Gestalt der stadtröm. nichtchristl. Aristokratie im letzten Vier…

[English version] Iusta Grata H., weström. Kaiserin. Tochter Constantius' [6] III. und der Galla [3] Placidia, ältere Schwester Valentinianus' III., 417 oder 418 n.Chr. geb. (Olympiodor fr. 34 FHG IV 65; Soz. 9,16,2), wurde wohl vor dem Jahre 437 Augusta (ILS 817f.). Sie wurde zum Gelübde ewiger Jungfrauenschaft gezwungen, 449 jedoch wegen einer Affäre mit ihrem Prokurator vom Hofe verstoßen und mit einem Senator verlobt. Daraufhin bat sie den Hunnenkönig Attila um Hilfe und gab ihm ein Heiratsver…

[English version] [1] Beiname des Diocletianus Beiname des Diocletianus, Tetrarchie. Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) [English version] [2] Praetorianerpraefekt des Kaisers Honorius [3] Praetorianerpraefekt des Kaisers Honorius [3]. Von Stilicho 407 n.Chr. zum praefectus praetorio Illyrici ernannt, um diese Praefektur dem Ostreich zu entreißen, blieb dort aber vom Gotenkönig Alaricus [2] abhängig (Soz. 8,25,3; 9,4,3; Zos. 5,48,2). Im Jahre 409 wurde er praef. praet. Italiae und patricius (Cod. Theod. 2,8,25; 16,5,47; Zos. 5,47,1). Als einflußreichster Berater …

[English version] Spätantiker Beamter im officium [6] der Praetorianerpraefekten, der für die Ausstellung der Berechtigungsscheine ( evectiones) zur Benutzung des cursus publicus zuständig war (Lyd. mag. 3,4 und 21; Cassiod. var. 11,29). Die Identität des Amtes mit dem des regerendarius, den die Notitia dignitatum in den Offizien aller Praetorianerpraefekten, des Stadtpraefekten von Rom, der Heermeister und einer Reihe der comites und duces des Westens verzeichnet (Not. dign. or. 2,68; 3,29; Not. dign. occ. 2,52; 3,47; 4,28; 5,280; 25,44; 30,27 u.ö.), ist…

[English version] [1] Flavius F. Praefectus praetorio Galliarum 357-360 n. Chr. war 357-360 n.Chr. praefectus praetorio Galliarum. Auf sein Betreiben ließ Constantius [2] II. Hilfstruppen aus Gallien abziehen, was die Erhebung Iulians zur Folge hatte (Iul. epist. 282c; Amm. 20,4,2). Constantius ernannte ihn 360 zum praefectus praetorio Illyrici und ehrte ihn 361 mit dem Consulat (Amm. 21,6,5). Nach Iulians Sieg wurde er von der Kommission zu Kalchedon in absentia zum Tod verurteilt (Amm. 22,3,6). Wahrscheinlich ist er identisch mit dem gleichnamigen comes des Constantius, de…

[English version] [1] s. Marcius Festus s. Marcius Festus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Iulius F. Hymetius Röm. Amtsträger; proconsul Africae 366-368 n. Chr. war um 350 n.Chr. corrector Tusciae et Umbriae, später praetor urbanus und consularis Campaniae cum Samnio (vor 355). 362 war er vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 11,30,29) und 366-368 proconsul Africae (Cod. Theod. 9,19,3; die gesamte Laufbahn in ILS 1256). Als proconsul linderte er eine Hungersnot in Karthago und wurde dabei wegen eines falschen Betrugsvorwurfs zu einer Geldbuße verurt…

Röm. Cognomen (“der Glückliche”), in republikanischer Zeit zunächst Beiname des Dictators L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla und seiner Nachfahren (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in der Kaiserzeit als glückverheißende Bezeichnung eines der häufigsten Cognomina überhaupt und häufigster Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Steinschneider der röm. Republik Steinschneider aus der Zeit der röm. Republik, wohl Zeitgenosse des Dioskurides [8], zusammen mit Anteros inschr. als gemari de sacra viam genannt [1. 44 u. Anm. 40]. Signierte den berühmten Sardonyx…

[English version] ( Notitia provinciarum et civitatum Africae). Die N.A. bietet eine Liste von 466 katholischen Bischöfen aus Africa bis in die Zeit des Vandalenkönigs Hunericus/Hunerich 484 n.Chr., verfaßt etwa gleichzeitig mit dem Werk des Victor von Vita. Notitia dignitatum Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography Ed.: MGH AA 3, 1, 1878, 63-71  M. Petschenig, Victor Vitensis, in: CSEL 7, 1881, 115-134.

Röm. Cogn., abgeleitet von Rufus, in republikan. Zeit in der Familie der Cornelii (Cornelius [I 62]), in der Kaiserzeit weitverbreitet (Antius [8], Aradius [1], Caecilius [II 19], Clodius [II 13], Cuspius [3], Fadius [II 1], Vibius), in der Spätant. auch häufiger Eigenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Magister militum per Thracias um 515 n. Chr. Magister militum per Thracias um 515 n. Chr., wurde von Kaiser Anastasios [1] I. mit dem Kampf gegen den Söldnerführer Vitalianus betraut (Ioh. von Antiocheia fr. 214e = FHG 5, 34; Chr…

[English version] [1] Spätröm. Senator, um 527 n. Chr. praefectus urbis Romae Spätröm. Senator, Bruder des Papstes Vigilius, um 527 n. Chr. praefectus urbis Romae unter dem Gotenkönig Athalaricus, 536 in Ravenna von den Goten interniert; er floh nach Ligurien, wurde 538 durch Belisarios praefectus praetorio (Italiae) in Mediolanum [1] (Mailand), wo er 539 von den siegreichen Goten ermordet wurde (Cassiod. var. 9,7; Prok. BG 1,26,1 f.; 2,12,34 f.; 21,40). Ostgoten Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 939 f., 1323  Rubin 2, 109, 126 f.  Ch. Schäfer, Weström. Senat unter…

[English version] Comes et magister utriusque militiae per Gallias in den Jahren 451/52-456/457 n. Chr., dann von Kaiser Maiorianus durch Aegidius ersetzt und angeklagt, von Ricimer 461 wieder eingesetzt und nach Gallien geschickt, wo er die Stadt Narbo 462 den Westgoten übergab, um diese gegen Aegidius zu gewinnen (Chron. min. 2, 26, 33 Mommsen; MGH SS rer. Merov. 3,109; 149-152). PLRE 2, 37 f. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography A. Demandt, s. v. magister militum, RE Suppl. 12, 669, 689 f.

[English version] [1] 350 n.Chr wohl magister militum des Usurpators Magnentius Verfolgte 350 n.Chr., evtl. als magister militum des Usurpators Magnentius, den fliehenden Kaiser Constans und tötete ihn bei der Festnahme in der Pyrenäenstadt Helena ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 41,23; Zos. 2,42,5). 351 war er mit Magnentius zusammen consul (Chron. min. 1, 69 Mommsen). PLRE 1, 380. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] unter Honoriusum 409 n.Chr. Amtsträger Comes sacrarum largitionum unter Honorius wohl 409 n.Chr. und comes et magister officiorum im Jahre 410 (Cod. Ius…

[English version] Weström. Usurpator im Jahre 413 n.Chr. Er ermordete 408 Stilicho in Ravenna und wurde dafür durch die Ernennung zum comes Africae belohnt (Zos. 5,37,6). Trotz der dort geübten Willkürherrschaft erhielt er 413 das Konsulat (Oros. 7,42,10), erhob sich jedoch gegen Honorius [3] und landete mit einer großen Flotte bei Rom. Er wurde besiegt und am 3. August 413 zum Tode verurteilt (Cod. Theod. 15,14,13). Er floh nach Karthago, wo man ihn tötete (Oros. 7,42,14; Zos. 6,7ff.; Chron. min. 1,467, 654; 2,18,71 Mommsen). Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 539f.  A…

[English version] [1] Imperator Caesar C.P.Niger Iustus Augustus, röm. Kaiser 193-194 n.Chr., s. Pescennius s. Pescennius Bringmann, Klaus (Frankfurt/Main) [English version] [2] Iustos aus Tiberias jüd. Historiker, 1. Jh. jüd. Historiker des 1. Jh. n.Chr., schrieb einen ‘Jüdischen Krieg (66-70/74), in dem er sich krit. mit dem gleichnamigen Werk des Iosephos [4] Flavios auseinandersetzte (dies veranlaßte Iosephos zu einer Replik in seiner Autobiographie: vita 65), und ein chronolog.-genealog. Werk über jüd. Könige von Moses…

[English version] Heidnischer Franke im röm. Dienst, der 380 n. Chr. unter dem Heermeister Bauto, vielleicht seinem Vater, diente und zw. 385 und 387 vom Heer zum magister militum erhoben wurde. Im Auftrag Theodosius' I. besiegte er 388 den Usurpator Maximus, leitete dann die Politik des westl. Reichsteils unter Valentinian II. und verteidigte die Rheingrenze gegen die Franken (Zos. 4,33,1 f.; 53,1 f.; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9). A. war der erste Germane, der faktisch Teile des Röm. Reiches beherrschte. Nach Valentinians ungeklärtem Tod bestimmte er 392 Eugenius zum Augustus des Westens (Oro…

[English version] Spanischer Verwandter, wohl Vetter, des Kaisers Honorius [3], floh nach dem Zusammenbruch des Widerstandes seiner Brüder Didymus und Verenianus gegen den Usurpator Constantinus [3] III. in Spanien 408/9 n.Chr. in den Osten des Reiches (Zos. 6,4,4; Soz. 9,12,1; vgl. Oros. 7,40,5-8). PLRE 2,654; vgl. 358, 1099, 1155. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin)

[English version] Staatshandbuch oder Hilfsbuch für den internen Dienstgebrauch röm. Behörden in der Spätant. Wie der volle Titel Notitia dignitatum tam civilium quam militarium in partibus orientis/occidentis (‘Hdb. der zivilen und mil. Posten im Ost- und Westteil) zeigt, bietet das aus zwei Teilen bestehende Werk ein Verzeichnis der durch den Kaiser zu besetze…