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Former MP for Milton Keynes North, House of Commons; education: Buckingham Univ., B.Sc., D.Sc.; Exeter Univ., MBA; party: Conservative; political career: Local Councillor; MP for Milton Keynes North East, 2005-10, Milton Keynes North, 2010-19; Opposition Whip, 2006-07; Shadow Minister, International Dev., 2007-10; Lord Commissioner, HM Treasury, Whip, 2012-15; Parly. Under-Sec., Minister of Defence, 2015-17; Minister of State, Ministry of Defence, 2017-19; professional career: Man. Dir., Kimbolton Fireworks ; committees: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2005…

(Rare Books), Antiquariat, 1885 von Charles Elkin Mathews in Exeter gegründet. Von Bedeutung war M. zuerst in London als Verlag (The Bodley Head) des «Aesthetic Movement», als treibende Kraft ist allerdings M.s damaliger Partner John Lane anzusehen. Als Antiquariat erlebte die Firma ihre Blütezeit erst nach M.s Tod und der Übernahme durch A. W. Evans von 1922 an. Durch Weltkrieg und Wirtschaftskrise schwer getroffen, kam sie durch Percy Muir in den Nachkriegsjahren zu neuem Ruhm. B. Kitzinger Bibliography May, J. L.: John Lane and the Nineties. London 1936 Muir, P.: Minding my own b…

Anja Bettenworth, Münster Anne Pinkepank, Göttingen Barbara Kuhn-Chen, Frankfurt Christa Frateantonio, Marburg Charles Lohr, Freiburg Christian Schulze, Bochum Dennis Pausch, Gießen Elsa-Maria Tschäpe, Göttingen Ferdinand Prostmeier, Gießen Jan Bollansée, Leuven Josef Loessl, Cardiff Jessica Ott, Gießen Jessica Wißmann, Iowa City Kai Brodersen, Mannheim Keno Backer, Göttingen Klaus-Dietrich Fischer, Mainz Leonie Hagelberg, Göttingen Markus Stein, Düsseldorf Manfred Landfester, Gießen Meike Rühl, Göttingen Mechthild Siede, Trier Mirjam Vischer, Mainz Matthias We…

[English version] Die B. siedelten in Nordengland von der Landenge Tyne-Solway bis Derbyshire. In der Eisenzeit lebten die B. verstreut; hill-forts und große Ansiedlungen gab es wenige. Ihre Königin Cartimandua ging vor 50 n.Chr. Vertragsbeziehungen mit Rom ein, verlor aber die Unterstützung ihrer Adligen und mußte röm. Hilfe anfordern, bevor ihr ca. 69 n.Chr. die Herrschaft entzogen wurde (Tac. hist. 3,45). Die B. wurden von Q. Petilius Cerealis (71-74 n.Chr.) und Cn. Iulius Agricola (77-78 n.Chr.) besiegt und als civitas mit Zentrum Isurium Brigantum (h. Aldborough) orga…

[English Version] Bull, George (25.3.1634 St. Cuthbert, Wells – 17.2. 1710 Brecknock), Theologe und anglik. Bf. von St. Davids, wurde im Exeter College, Oxford, erzogen und 1655 ordiniert. Hochkirchl. Eintreten für Katholizität, was oft zu Kontroversen mit Protestanten führte und von Katholiken gelobt wurde. Philip J.Anderson Bibliography Vf. u.a.: Harmonia apostolica, 1670 Defensio Fidei Nicaenae, 1685 Judicium Ecclisiolae Catholicae, 1694 The Corruptions of the Church of Rome, 1705 A Companion for the Candidates of Holy Orders, 1714 Works, 6 Bde., hg. von R.Nelson, 1846 Üb…

British, MP for Exeter, House of Commons; born: 1960, London; languages: German, Italian; education: Norwich & Sussex Univ.; party: Labour Party; political career: Sec., Labour Movement for Europe; MP, Exeter, 1997-; Parly. Private Sec. to John Denham MP, 2000-01; Under sec. of State at the Foreign Commonwealth Office, 2001-02; Dep. Leader, House of Commons, 2002-03; Under Sec. of State, Dept. for the Env., Food & Rural Affairs, 2003-06; Minister of State, Dept. for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2006-07; M…

[German Version] (Aug 21, 1787, St. Neots, Huntingdonshire, England – Jun 19, 1857, Brampford Speke) was an Anglican clergyman of evangelical views who was involved in a celebrated law-suit at a time when the controversy surrounding High Church opinions of the Oxford Movement had reached a climax. Henry Phillpotts (1778–1869), bishop of Exeter and a pronounced High Churchman, declared in 1848, after examining Gorham, that he could not institute him to the Crown living of Brampford Speke. Gorham's …

Brit. Klass. Philologe. Geb. am 27. 6. 1840 in London, gest. am 18. 12. 1914 ebda. Privatschulbesuch in London; ab 1858 Studium am Queen’ s College, Oxford. Ab 1863 Fellow und Tutor am Exeter College, Oxford; 1884 University Reader in Greek; 1893–1908 Regius Prof. of Greek in Oxford. Werk und Wirkung B. studierte am Queen’s College bei Benjamin Jowett und Robinson Ellis. Aufgrund seiner Studienleistungen wurde er bereits 1863 zum Fellow des Exeter College gewählt und lernte dort Mark Pattison kennen, mit dem er Forschungsreisen auf dem Kont…

[German version] Celtic tribe in the area of Norfolk and Suffolk (south-eastern England). First mentioned under the name Cenimagni as one of the tribes that submitted to Caesar in AD 54 (Caes. B Gall. 5,21,1). At the time of the conquest of Britain by Claudius (AD 43), they were prepared to accept the alliance with Rome. In AD 47 they rebelled and were subjugated, however, they retained the status of a client kingdom (Tac. Ann. 12,31). After the death of their King Prasutagus c. AD 59, their entire territory was incorporated into the Roman administration, not only the half tha…

[German version] One of the main forts of the Roman occupation of North Wales [1], modern Caernarfon at the southwestern end of the Menai Strait. The first building phase dates from the governorship of Iulius [II 3] Agricola ( c. 77/8 AD). The living quarters exhibit at least three building phases from the early 2nd century AD onwards. Rebuilding in stone took place under Hadrianus (117-138). The 2nd cent. garrison was evidently small. One of the main buildings from the Antonine period was probably the officium of a procurator [2]. After being destroyed and rebuilt the fort was he…

[German version] (Οὐιροκόνιον/ Ouirokónion). Roman legionary camp, in c. AD 55 laid out in connection with military operations in the valley of the upper Sabrina (modern Severn) [1. 292 f.]; modern Wroxeter in Shropshire, England. Abandoned in c. AD 74, as late as the end of the 1st cent., V. developed into the capital of the civitas Cornoviorum [2]. In AD 128/9, The city acquired a forum [1. 288] and, no later than the middle of the 2nd cent., thermal baths [3]. Numerous private houses were built from the 2nd cent. onwards. In the 4th cent., the …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Roman fort in Britannia, built before AD 50 at the site of an Iron-Age settlement on the present-day Soar River and held for c. 20 years. The fort and its vicus grew into the core of a prosperous town (It. Ant. 477,4; Ptol. 2,3,20: Ῥάγε/Rháge; CIL VII 1169; cf. CIL XVI 160), present-day Leicester [1. 52 f.]. Already before AD 100, R. was the main city of the Coritani or Corieltauvi [2]. The forum and the basilica were built under Hadrian (AD 117-138), the baths in c. AD 150. Parts of the baths have survived as the Jewry Wall, as…

[German version] Tribe beyond the northern frontier of the Roman province of Britannia, first mentioned in connection with the events of AD 297 (Laterculus Veronensis 13; Pan. Lat. 8,11,4). Constantius [1] I campaigned against them in AD 306, but from the mid-4th cent. they subjected the province to repeated attack (Amm. Marc. 20,1; 26,4,5; 27,8,20). Their territory lay in eastern Scotland, north of the Firth of Forth (cf. the etymology of various place names). Little is known of their settlements…

[German version] Celtic tribe in Southeast Wales from the coast to the Wye, especially in the coastal plain of present-day Glamorgan. The S. resisted the Romans from AD 44, at first under Caratacus (Tac. Ann. 12,32 f.; 12,38-40; 14,29), but were finally subdued in AD 74-76 by Frontinus (Tac. Agr. 17). In the 2nd cent., possibly under Hadrian, the S. were organised as civitas Silurum with the capital of Venta Silurum (present-day Caerwent). Modest villae were built in the coastal plain. In the end, the S. came to be the most Romanised tribe in Wales. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography V. E. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Coloniae | Britannia The region around Gloucester, located at the lowest lying crossing-point over the Severn, was first occupied by the Roman army in c. AD 50. A legion base was erected in Kingsholm, probably by the legio XX Valeria Victrix [1]; this was abandoned in c. AD 60 and replaced towards the end of the rulership of Nero by a fortress on the ground of modern Gloucester, which itself was abandoned in c. AD 74/5. On the grounds of the fortress, the colonia Glevum was founded using the fortress' building materials, appa…

[German version] On the great Roman road of the Fosse Way between Lincoln and Leicester lay various Roman settlements; one of the largest was M., near East Bridgeford, Nottinghamshire. Originally a Roman fort (late Claudian/early Neronian period), abandoned in around AD 70 [1; 2]. M. probably served as a military supply base, since the local iron ore was intensively smelted. After the end of the military occupation, the civilian settlement continued on both sides of the Fosse Way, possibly in conjunction with a mansio (or mutatio). Residential and other buildings were modest. Th…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | | Britannia | Britannia Modern Canterbury; arose in the form of an Iron Age oppidum on the Stour in the late 1st cent. BC. The Roman city developed shortly after AD 43, perhaps revealing the pre-Roman character of the tribes of Cantion (Kent). Public buildings were erected in the late 1st and early 2nd cents. A large theatre was added in the late 2nd cent. [1]; defensive works were built in the late 3rd cent. An extra muros Christian church, probably from the 4th cent., survived until c. AD 700 (Bede, Hist. Eccl. 1,26). A…

[German version] (or Magni). Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall in northern England (Not. Dign. Occ. 40,43; Geogr. Rav. 107,11), probably dating to the Flavian period (AD 69-96), modern Carvoran, identified because of epigraphical evidence ( numerus Magn(c)es(ium) [1. 1825]). In the early 2nd cent., before M. became part of the Hadrianic Limes after AD 122, it may have been part of Trajan's border line [2. 192-196]. The fort was not integrated into the vallum as was usually the case, but remained situated to the south. Under Hadrian and after him, the cohors I Hamiorum was stationed there unt…

[German version] (Ὀρκάδες/ Orkádes, Latin Orcades). The archipelago of Orkney (today c. 70 islands, of which 24 are inhabited) off the north coast of Scotland probably first came to the attention of the ancients through Pytheas (late 4th cent. BC). According to ancient authors, there were between 30 (Mela 3,54; Ptol. 2,3,31) and 40 (Plin. HN 4,103) only sparsely inhabited islands. The fleet of Iulius [II 3] Agricola (Tac. Agr. 10) reconnoitred the O. in AD 83/4. Some of the O. were known to Ptolemy (…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Legio | Limes | Limes | Britannia Roman legionary camp set up c. AD 74 in Britannia, modern Caerleon (South Wales). The legio II Augusta was stationed there [1; 2]. In about AD 100 the fortifications were renewed in stone, followed by the internal buildings. An amphitheatre has been excavated outside the walls of the camp and likewise wharf constructions on the banks of the Usk [3; 4]. After 300 the garrison was reduced and in the 4th cent. completely withdrawn. From the 2nd cent. an extensive vicus developed. Todd, Malcolm (Exe…