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Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Kehne, Peter (Hannover)" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Kehne, Peter (Hannover)" )' returned 19 results. Modify search
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Pactio
(252 words)
[German version] In the Roman 'law of nations'
p. generally meant (to be precise
pactum <
pacisci; synonymous
conventio: [1. 136f.]) interstatal agreements without reference to the current legal format (Gell. 1,25,15; Gai. Inst. 3,94; Dig. 49,15,12, compare 2,14,5; Liv. 34,57,7), in the plural it also referred to their content. Given that
fides [II.]
…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Mallobaudes
(120 words)
[German version] As
comes domesticorum et rex Francorum M. defeated the Alemanni at Argentaria (Horburg/Alsace) in AD 378. He probably took part in Gratianus' [2] expedition on the right bank of the Rhine [1. 600] in order…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Transfuga
(192 words)
[German version] Unlike a mere
desertor , i.e. a citizen evading military service or a soldier not on leave, whose desertion was severely punished by Rome, a
transfuga was a Roman citizen (or subject of the Empire), who as a soldier or civilian (Dig. 48,4,2,3) committed treason (
perduellio ), and thus a crime against the polity (
crimen publicum) by defecting to the enemy (Erl. Dig. 49,15,5), which Rome punished acc…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Marcomer
(85 words)
[German version] Frankish
dux, later
rex, broke through the Limes in AD 388 and probably destroyed the punitive expedition army led by Quintinus. In 389 he negotiated with Valentinianus II and provided hostages. In 391/2, M. avoided an attack by Arbogastes and in 392 entered into a
foedus with Eugenius [1] (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9). In 395 h…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Obsequium
(199 words)
[German version] In the social and political fabric of Roman society
obsequium generally referred to a duty of support for prominent persons [3. 128ff.], in a military sense it referred to a soldier's obedience and in Roman private law to the legal duty of the
libertus (Freedmen) towards his
patronus [1. 140]. In relation to the
imperium Romanum,
obsequium also referred to the loyalty of a province (Tac. Hist. 4,71,2; 74,4; Tac. Ann. 4,72,1; 15,21,1) as well as the subordination - the goal of foreign policy - of tribes living on the edges of the Empi…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Obses
(153 words)
[German version] An
obses (Pl.
obsides, 'hostage') was taken in consequence of an agreement or for the purpose of reprisal. In the first case, the sacrosanct 'treaty hostage' provided security for
legationes , negotiations and all forms of interstatal agreements, e.g. war treaties (
indutiae ;
pactio ). In case of treaties (
deditio ;
foedus ) for the purpose of
pax , the
obses also guaranteed the performance of specific provisions. In peace he guaranteed good political behaviour. The number and exchange of hostages, as well as the period for which they wer…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Legatus
(455 words)
[German version] (‘sent on the basis of a law’ [6. 11]). 1) Envoy in international relations of Rome, outside of Italy with the functions of
fetiales within the framework of a
legatio [3. 1133-1135; 2. vol. 2, 675-690]. Benefits included, among others,
apparitores [1. 110ff.], travel funds (
viaticum) and the right to free transportation (
evectio), for which the golden ring handed over by the Senate was the legitimation (Plin. HN 33,11) [2. vol. 1, 301]. On the basis of
ius gentium ( International Law) he was held
sanctus inviolatusque (‘sacred and inviolable’; Caes. B Gall. 3,9,3; Liv. 30,25,10); Rome consid…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Treaties, upholding of
(219 words)
[German version] To the Greeks, the upholding of treaties on an international level was one of the
agraphoi nomoi , and for the Romans one of the foundations of the
ius gentium (here understood in the sense of 'ius comune' as applicable to all peoples;
ius [A 2]). As the international treaty itself was under the sacred protection of the deity invoked for the oath, Zeus and Jupiter respectively in Greece and Rome generally watched over the observance of treaties in their capacities as protectors of (contractual) oaths and of the
pistis [D]/
fides [II] [1; 3; 4. 39, 53]. This guarantee of dependability and sense of fidelity …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Legatio
(723 words)
[German version] The activity of a
legatus . 1) In international law, a government-ordered, occasional delegation of usually three or more
legati - as messengers or provided with full authority - who acted as official representatives of Rome and reported to the Senate (
legationem renuntiare: Liv. 39,33,1).
Legationes presented, for example, the demand for satisfaction (
rerum repetitio) required for a
bellum iustum ( International law), the declaration of war (
indictio belli), instructions to
socii , explored the ground, arbitrated and concluded trea…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Pax
(957 words)
('peace'). [1] Peace in general [German version] A. Definition Latin
pax (< Indo-European
pac, hence
pac-s,
pacisci >
pango, cf. Greek πήγνυμι/
pḗgnymi; on ancient terminology, see [6. 17-29]) means primarily the state of peace and not the manner in which it is obtained [7. 46]. Although Roman sources do call
pax the absence of war (
bellum),
pax is only the result of a concrete war ended by means of conquest,
deditio or agreement by treaty (see D below) [7. 49f.; 8. 51; 6. 155]. Attributes indicate 'peacemakers' or different domains (cf.
Pax deorum (deum) ). Kehne, Peter (Hannover) …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Macrianus
(455 words)
[German version] [1] Rex of the Alamanni in the Main-Neckar region, 4th cent. AD
Rex of the Alamanni in the Main-Neckar region, where he surrendered to lulianus [11] in AD 359 (Amm. Marc. 18,2,15-18). In 370, Valentinianus [1] mobilized a Burgundian army (Amm. Marc. 28,5,8-13) against M., who had by then become more powerful. However, M. avoided capture in 372 by fleeing.
Rex Fraomarius, appointed by the emperor to replace M., could not sustain his position for long (Amm. Marc. 29,4,2-7; 30,7,11). In 374, the emperor entered into a
foedus (Amm. Marc. 30,3,3-7) …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Sponsio
(325 words)
[German version] I. Constitutional law An institution of Roman international law,
sponsio was a form of treaty characterized by
stipulatio (Gai. Inst. 3,94), and a normal form even for an oral peace treaty (
…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Merobaudes
(700 words)
[German version] [1] Consul in AD 377 and 383 In AD 363 Flavius M., presumably a Frank, served Iulianus [11]. Appointed
magister peditum by Valentinianus I (Zos. 4,17), M. fought in the war with the Quadi in 375. Acting on his own authority, he elevated Valentinianus II to the rank of Augustus (Amm. 30,10; Zos. 4,19) and was Consul in 377 and 383 consul. In 377, M. withheld units of the army sent to Valens in Thrace (Amm. Marc. 31,7,4),and this probably contributed to Mallobaudes's victory in Gaul. Presumably he too…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Italicus
(172 words)
Common Roman cognomen. Most famously the poet Silius I. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] King of the Cherusci from 47 AD Son of the Cheruscan Flavus (the brother of Arminius) and of a daughter of the Chatti leader Actumerus, born and raised in Rome. Because the quarrelling nobility demand I. as king of the Cherusci, emperor Claudius [III 1] installs this last offshoot of the
…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
International treaties
(2,514 words)
[German version] I. General International treaties (IT) are official and binding agreements under international law between two or more subjects of international law, which are legally binding for the entire citizenship in question. They were stipulated orally or in writing; they took the form of unilateral, bi- or multilateral agreements, and always implied the recognition of the other party under international law. IT were often the result of preliminary negotiations; they required ratification by…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly