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[German version] (Φλύα; Phlýa). Large Attic Mesogeia deme belonging to the Cecropis phyle and from 224/3 BC on to the Ptolemaïs phyle, with five? (six?) bouleutaí; located at modern Chalandri northeast of Athens, bordering Athmonon (IG II2 2776,49). In addition to numerous cults (Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Zeus, Nymphs: Paus. 1,34,4; [1]), rural Dionysia are attested for P. (Isaius 8,15f.). After its destruction by the Persians Themistocles renewed the age-old sanctuary to the 'Great Goddess' attended by the Lycomidae (Plut. Themist…

(Ἑρμός; Hermós). [German version] [1] Att. asty deme of the phyle Acamantis Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, with two bouleutaí. Position: on the ‘Sacred Road’ to Eleusis at the entrance to the pass near modern Daphni, modern Chaidari; there is the tomb of Pythionice, the wife of Harpalus (Plut. Phoc. 22,2; Paus. 1,37,5; [1]). Near Daphni there are funerary inscriptions of Hermeioi: IG II2 6072. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 N. D. Papachatzis, Παυσανίου Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις. Ἀττικά, 1974, 468 with n. 6. W. Kolbe, s.v. H., RE VIII 1, 903 Traill, Attica, 47, 69, 110 no. 5…

(Μαρώνεια; Marṓneia). [German version] [1] North Aegaean city This item can be found on the following maps: Thraci, Thracia | Colonization | Persian Wars | Punic Wars | Athenian League (Second) | Education / Culture North Aegaean city on the southwest slopes of the Ismarus, today's Maronia. Founded by Chios (1st half of the 7th cent. BC; Scyl. 678) in the tribal lands of the Cicones. Mythography associates M. with the Homeric Márōn (Hom. Od. 9,197); first mentioned by Hecat. FGrH 1 F 159. The most important occupations were viticulture and sheep breeding. As of 529 …

[German version] [1] Boeotian city (Κορώνεια; Korṓneia). Boeotian city 2 km east of modern Agios Georgios, c. 4 km north of modern C. (formerly Kutumala) on a low promontory (244 m) on the south-eastern edge of a very fertile plain stretching northwards as far as the southern shore of the former Lake  Copais, then south of C., narrowing to a valley, reaching deep into the northern side of the  Helicon [1] and opening up access to an important pass crossing to Thisbe in Boeotia. In the north-eastern part of the…

[German version] (Ἰφιστιάδαι; Iphistiádai). Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, providing one bouleutes. A plot of land owned by Plato was immediately adjacent in the south to the Herakleion of I. (Diog. Laert. 3,41), which according to a horos-inscription (IG II2 2611) is to be located 4 km southwest of Cephisia on the southwestern edge of the modern Iraklion (formerly Arakli) and which has retained its ancient name [1; 2; 3. 47]. An eponymous hero Iphistius is confirmed in Hesychius s.v. Ἰ. [4. 210]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Klaffenbach, Zwei neue Horosstein…

[German version] (Ὑβάνδα; Hybánda). Former island in the  Icarian Sea (Plin. HN 2,91), modern Özbaşı 13.5 km south of Söke, which rises about 70 m above the  Maiandrou pedion. The Maeander [2], 1 km southeast of Özbaşı, today follows the ancient coast line. The extent of Hybandis, the chṓra of H., is uncertain. In the east it extended to the river Hybandus (modern Kargın Çayı), which a peace agreement fixed in 185/80 BC as the boundary between Miletus [2] and Magnesia [2] [1; 2]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Herrmann, Neue Urkunden zur Geschichte von Milet im 2. Jh. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Λύδαι; Lýdai). Place in Lycia (see map) on the south-west coast of Asia Minor on the Gulf of Telmessus, 2,4 km west of Fethiye (Ptol. 5,3,2; GGM 1, 494f. no. 259f., Κλύδαι; Klýdai). The identification has been secured by inscriptions (TAM 2,1 no. 41, 49). Extended Imperial and early Byzantine ruins on the cape Kapı Dağ (possibly the ancient Cape Artemisium: Str. 14,2,2) as well as the nearby Tersane Adası. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography G. E. Bean, s.v. L., PE, 536 Id., Kleinasien 4, 1980, 43-45 P. Roos, Topograp…

[German version] (Φηγοῦς; Phēgoûs). Attic mesogeia (?) deme of the Erechtheis phyle, with one bouleutḗs. Demotikon Φηγούσιος/ Phēgoúsios (Steph. Byz. s.v. Φ.). Location unknown. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 38, 62, 70, 112 Nr. 110, Tab. 1  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Πίθος). Attic Mesogeia deme of the Cecropis phyle with three (four or five) bouleutaí, probably in the northeast of Chalandri. There is evidence of Thesmophória in P. (Isaeus 8,19f.). P formed an association with the neighbouring demes of Gargettus and Pallene [3] for the cult of Athena Pallenis. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 51, 59, 62, 68, 112 Nr. 115, Tab. 7  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 4, 11, 13f., 21f., 24f., 13534  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Λουσία; Lousía). Attic deme of the asty trittys of the phyle Oineis and its eponymous heroine (Steph. Byz. s.v. Λ.) [1], one bouleutḗs. Presumably located in the Kephissos valley west of Athens. Funerary inscriptions of a ‘ Lousieus’ in Hag. Theodoroi in Nea Liossia (IG II2 6756); earth for the building of the Eleusinion of Athens came from L. (IG II2 1672 l. 195). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead, 210. Traill, Attica, 49, 69, 111 no. 86 table 6 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 133 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisth…

[German version] (Πρόσπαλτα/ Próspalta). Attic mesogeia deme, phyle Akamantis, from 224/3 BC Ptolemaïs, with five bouleutaí, located at Enneapyrgi northwest of Kalivia Kuvaras, the site where several funerary inscriptions of Prospáltioi were found (IG II2 7306; 7311; [2. 129, 1292]). Pausanias mentions a sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at P. (Paus. 1,31,1). IG II2 4817 (site: Hagios Petros) was probably transported here from Myrrhinus, where the cult of Artemis Kolainis is attested [1. 9 ff.]. Eupolis criticizes Pericles' war policy in the comedy Prospáltioi (the inhabitants o…

[German version] Terracing is used worldwide in settlement areas with considerably variable surface relief to extend the usable agricultural area and increase yields, and to this day it characterizes the appearance of many Greek landscapes. By reshaping steep slopes into a number of gently sloping or horizontal steps, water retention is improved, root formation is promoted, soil erosion is retarded and working the land is made easier. Most terraces in the Mediterranean may have their origin in the…

[German version] (Ἐρχία; Erchía). Attic mesogeia deme of the Aegeis phyle; the modern Spata. Seven (six)  bouleutai, eleven after 307/6 BC. Xenophon (Diog. Laert. 2,48) and Isocrates (Steph. Byz. s.v. E.) were demótai of E.; Alcibiades possessed 300 plethra ( c. 26.5 ha.) of land in E. The lex sacra of E. from Pussiri south of Spata (SEG 21, 541; [1-7]) lists 59 annual sacrifices at a total cost of 547 drachmas. 21 of the 46 cults are generally situated in the territory of E. (Ἐρχι, Ἐρχιᾶ, Ἐρχιᾶσιν): one on the agora of E.; nine of them ἐμ Πάγῳ, i.e. on a hill at E., which Vanderpool…

[German version] (Ἁλιμοῦς; Halimoûs). Attic asty-deme of the phyle Leontis, with three   bouleutaí (for population size [4. 286]), according to Str. 9,1,21 located on the west coast of Attica between Phalerum and Aexone 35 stadia (= 6.2 km) from the city (Dem. Or. 57,10). H., which bordered Euonymon in the east, lay near the modern Halimos and Hagios Kosmas, the ancient cape  Colias with the sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros and Kore (Paus. 1,31,1; Hsch. s.v. Κωλιάς; [1-3]; prehistorical s…

(Εἰτέα; Eitéa). [German version] [1] Attic asty (?) deme of the phyle Acamantis Attic asty(?) deme of the phyle Acamantis, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of Antigonis, from AD 126/7 that of Hadrianis. Two bouleutai. The location is unknown (north-east Attica? [3. 140-142]). The fact that it belonged to the city trittys of Acamantis is deduced from the inscriptions [1] and IG II2 2363 ([2. 101]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 B. D. Meritt, J. S. Traill, in: Agora 15, 50ff. no. 42 2 J. S. Traill, Diakris, the Inland Trittys of Leontis, in: Hesperia 47, 1978, 89-109 3 Id., Demos and Trit…

[German version] (Πλώθεια/ Plṓtheia; demoticon Πλωθεεύς/ Plōtheeús, Πλωθειεύς/ Plōtheieús, from the 4th century BC Πλωθεύς/ Plōtheús). A small Attic asty-deme, phyle of Aigeis, one bouleutḗs (later two). Its site to the southwest of modern Stamata on the northeastern slopes of Mount  Pentelicon is certain from votive inscriptions (IG II2 4607, 4885, 4916). The deme decree IG I3 258 (425/413 BC, ex IG II2 1172) governs finances, and attests to a dḗmarchos [3], tamíai ( tamías ) and cults of Apollo, Aphrodite and the Dioscuri (Anaces). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attic…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θυμαιτάδαι; Thymaitádai). Attic asty deme of the Hippothontis phyle, two bouleutaí, probably to the northwest of Piraeus on the Bay of Keratsini, modern Ormos Erakleus. With Piraeus, Phaleron and Xypete, T. formed the tetrákōmoi cult federation (Poll. 4,105; IG II2 3102 f.) with a central sanctuary to Heracles (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἐχελίδαι). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 21, 52, 69, 112 No. 138, Tab. 8.

[German version] [1] Common designation for glens and gorges (αὐλών; aulṓn) Common designation for glens and gorges: 13 instances in [1], 17 in [2]. Ath. 5,189 documents for Attica several hieroi Aulones (‘sacred aulones’), but only that of Dionysus is known [3]. The south Attic Aulon, a small mining area, appears in several mining lease certificates and possibly lay in the territory of the deme  Phrearrhii [4]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Pape/Benseler 1, 176 2 A. Milchhoefer, s.v. A., RE 2, 2413ff. 3 J. Jessen, s.v. Auloneus, RE 2, 2415 4 H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993, 53, …

[German version] [1] Region in Greece (ἡ Ἀττική; hē Attikḗ). [German version] A. Landscape Easternmost landscape of central Greece, which, as a triangular peninsula, protrudes to the south-east between the Euboean Sea and the Saronic Gulf. A. borders Megara in the west,  Boeotia in the north. More than 40 per cent of the surface of A. (2530 km2) is composed of mountains: in the north Cithaeron (1407 m) is the border to Boeotia, where the Megalo Vuno and Mount Parnes (1413 m) continue eastward, also the Hymettus (1026 m) and Pentelicon (1108 m). Moun…

[German version] (Φηγαία/ Phēgaía, Φηγαιά/ Phēgaiá; demotikon Φηγαιεύς/ Phēgaieús). Attic p aralia deme of the phyle of Aigeis, from AD 127/8 of Hadrianis, with three (four) bouleutaí on the east coast of Attica (near what is today Draphi [3. 335] or Ierotsakuli? [1. 82 with note 12]). It was not an independent dêmos, but a kṓmē ('village community'; of Stiria?) that was established by the people of Phegaea, as included in the list of demes IG II2 2362 as one of the demes of Pandionis (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Φ.) [2. 55, 57ff.]. IG II2 1932,14f. shows evidence of cults of Hercules and th…