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Sulpicius
(5,409 words)
Name of a Roman patrician family, probably originally from Cameria (hence the cognomen
Camerinus); documented in the
fasti from
c. 500 BC. The otherwise rare praenomen Servius appears comparatively frequently and at times is even used in place of the
nomen gentile (Tac. Hist. 2,48; Plut. Galba 3,1). The number of cognomina within the
gens is high, but it has been impossible to identify clear branches. The link between the S. from the 3rd to the 2nd and 1st cent. BC is unclear. In the 2nd cent. BC, the most important branch of the family was that of…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Marcellus
(1,746 words)
[German version] I. Greek (Μαρκέλλος;
Markéllos). [German version] [I 1] From Pergamum, orator, 2nd cent. AD, [1] Rhetor from Pergamum known solely from a brief reference in the Suda; he is said to have written a book (or several books) entitled Ἀδριανὸς ἢ περὶ βασιλείας/
Adrianòs ḕ perì basileías (‘Hadrian, or On Monarchy’). He would thus have lived in the first half of the 2nd cent.; whether Dio's [I 3] speeches
perì basileías, addressed to Trajan, served as a model is uncertain. Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) [German version] [I 2] From Side, physician and poet, 2nd cent. AD M. from …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Antipater
(2,083 words)
[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) Son of Iolaus, 399/398 BC, was certainly already active militarily and diplomatically under Philippus and under his father Amyntas and brothers. He was especially connected with Alexander [4] and secured his throne after the murder of Philippus. During Alexander's invasion in Asia he remained with half of the Macedonian army as governor of Europe. He monitored Greece and sent mercenaries and Macedonian contingents during the first year of the …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Menander
(3,637 words)
(Μένανδρος;
Ménandros). [German version] [1] Joint strategos with Nicias, 414 BC The Athenians M. and Euthydemus [1], who were already in Sicily, were chosen as joint
strategoi of Nicias towards the end of 414 BC, during the Sicilian Expedition, to support him until the relief expedition of Demosthenes [1] arrived (413) (Thucyd. 7,16,1; Plut. Nicias 20,2); re-elected 413/12 (Plut. Nicias 20,6-8; Thucyd. 7,69,4; Diod. 13, 13,2). Possibly identical with the M. who fought in Abydus in 409 (Xen. Hell. 1,2,16). He was
stratēgós with Tydeus (405/4) in the defeat at Aigos potamoi (X…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Caecilius
(6,633 words)
Name of a plebeian
gens (probably derived from
Caeculus, older form is
Caicilios, Greek Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος [
Kaikílios,
Kekílios]; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), whose existence is documented since the 5th cent. (since C. [I 1]), but who only gained importance in the 2nd cent.; their most famous branch were the C. Metelli (I 10-32). A later explanation related the name back to Caeculus, the legendary founder of Praeneste, or Caecas, a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 38). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Zeno
(6,572 words)
(Ζήνων/
Zḗnōn.) [German version] [1] Z. of Elea Eleatic philosopher, 5th cent. BC (Son of Teleutagoras). Eleatic philosopher of the 5th cent. BC; a pupil and intimate friend of Parmenides who became famous for his paradoxes. According to the Suda (29 A 2 DK), Z. wrote many books; but his Λόγοι (
Lógoi, 'Arguments', 40 according to Proclus, 29 A 15 DK) probably belonged to a single book, the one he read aloud to his closest circles in Athens (cf. Pl. Prm. 127c-d). In the lost dialogue
Sophistes, Aristotle (Aristoteles [6]) declares Z. to have been the 'inventor' (
protos heuretes …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Apollonius
(7,446 words)
(Ἀπολλώνιος;
Apollṓnnios). [German version] [1] Dioiketes of Ptolemy II (259-245 BC) Of Caria, possibly Ptolemaic o
ikonomos there in 267 BC. Was
dioiketes of Ptolemy II from April /May 259 until the end of 245; in 252 escorted Berenice to her wedding to Antiochus II. At a critical transition period A. found himself responsible for the economy of the kingdom of the Ptolemies, adapting the fiscal system to the monetary economy of the Lagids, for which purpose he was entrusted with the management of finances and the co…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Apollodoros
(2,959 words)
(Ἀπολλόδωρος). Politisch tätige Personen [English version] [1] Athen. Politiker (4. Jh. v. Chr.) Sohn des Pasion aus Acharnai, athenischer Rhetor und Anhänger des Demosthenes (394/93, † nach 343 v. Chr.). A. gehörte nach 370 zu den reichsten Bürgern Athens, leistete aufwendige Trierarchie-Leiturgien (vgl. IG II2 1609,83 und 89; IG II2 1612, b110; Demosth. or. 50,4-10; 40 und 58) und errang 352/51 einen Sieg als Choregos (IG II2 3039,2). Dennoch gelang es ihm nur begrenzt, eine seinem Vermögen entsprechende polit. Stellung zu erringen. Zw. 370 und 350 v. Chr.…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Apollonios
(7,226 words)
(Ἀπολλώνιος). [English version] [1] Dioiket Ptolemaios' II. (259-245 v. Chr.) aus Karien (dann vielleicht 267 v. Chr. dort als ptolemäischer Oikonomos?), Dioiket Ptolemaios' II., April /Mai 259 - Ende 245; begleitete 252 Berenike zur Hochzeit mit Antiochos II. A. war in einer wichtigen Umbruchphase verantwortlich für die Wirtschaft des ptolemäischen Königreiches: es ging um Anpassung des Steuersystems an die monetäre Ökonomie der Lagiden; er hatte daher Kompetenzen im Finanz- und Münzwesen, in Steuer- und…
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Der Neue Pauly
Caecilius
(6,027 words)
Name einer plebeischen
gens (wohl abgeleitet von
Caeculus, ältere Form
Caicilios, griech. Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), die angeblich bereits seit dem 5.Jh. bezeugt ist (seit C. [I 1]), aber erst seit dem 2.Jh. Bedeutung erlangte; ihr berühmtester Zweig waren die C. Metelli (I 10-32). Eine späte Konstruktion führte den Namen auf Caeculus, den sagenhaften Gründer von Praeneste, oder Caecas, einen Gefährten des Aeneas, zurück (Fest. p. 38). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] C., Q. angeblich Volkstribun 439 v.Chr. angeblich Volkstribun 439 v.Chr. und A…
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Der Neue Pauly
Menandros
(3,190 words)
(Μένανδρος). [English version] [1] Mitstratege des Nikias, 414 v.Chr. Die Athener M. und Euthydemos [1], die sich bereits in Sizilien befanden, wurden gegen E. 414 v.Chr. während der “Sizilischen Expedition” zu Mitstrategen des Nikias gewählt, um ihn bis zur Ankunft der Hilfsexpedition des Demosthenes [1] (413) zu unterstützen (Thuk. 7,16,1; Plut. Nikias 20,2); wiedergewählt 413/12 (Plut. Nikias 20,6-8; Thuk. 7,69,4; Diod. 13, 13,2). Vielleicht identisch mit dem M., der 409 in Abydos kämpfte (Xen. hell. 1,2,16). Mit Tydeus
stratēgós (405/4) bei der Niederlage von Aigos p…
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Der Neue Pauly
Iulianus
(4,648 words)
Epithet of many gentilicia [1]. Famous persons: the jurist Salvius I. [1]; the doctor I. [2]; the emperor I. [11], called ‘Apostata’; the bishops I. [16] of Aeclanum and I. [21] of Toledo. [German version] [1] L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius I. Aemilianus Roman jurist, 2nd cent. AD Jurist, born about AD 100 in North Africa, died about AD 170; he was a student of Iavolenus [2] Priscus (Dig. 40,2,5) and the last head of the Sabinian law school (Dig. 1,2,2,53). I., whose succession of offices is preserved in the inscription from Pupput, provi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Apollodorus
(3,070 words)
(Ἀπολλόδωρος;
Apollódōros). Political figures [German version] [1] Athenian politician (4th cent. BC) Son of Pasion of Acharnae, Athenian rhetor and supporter of Demosthenes (394/93, died after 343 BC). A. was one of the richest Athenian citizens after 370. He undertook costly trierarchy liturgies (cf. IG II2 1609,83 and 89; IG II2 1612, b110; Dem. Or. 50,4-10; 40 and 58) and in 352/51 gained a victory as
choregos (IG II2 3039,2) but had only limited success in obtaining a political post commensurate with his wealth. From 370 to 350 BC he indulged in litigat…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Iulianus/-os
(4,346 words)
Beinamen bei vielen Gentilicia [1]. Bekannte Personen: der Jurist Salvius I. [1], der Arzt I. [2], der Kaiser I. [11], gen. “Apostata”, die Bischöfe I. [16] von Aeclanum und I. [21] von Toledo. [English version] [1] L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius I. Aemilianus röm. Jurist, 2. Jh. Jurist, geb. um 100 n.Chr. in Nordafrika, gest. um 170 n.Chr., war ein Schüler des Iavolenus [2] Priscus…
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Der Neue Pauly
Theodorus
(7,286 words)
[German version] I Greek (Θεόδωρος;
Theódōros). [German version] [I 1] Of Samos, Greek architect, bronze sculptor and inventor, Archaic period Multitalented Greek inventor, architect, bronze sculptor and metal worker (
toreutḗs; Toreutics) of the Archaic period from Samos (for the occupational image cf. architect). His father was Telecles (Hdt. 3,41; Paus. 8,14,8; 10,38,6) or according to other sources …
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Brill’s New Pauly