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(Μένων). [English version] [1] nach Demosthenes Träger des attischen Bürgerrechts M. aus Pharsalos wurde wegen Unterstützung der Athener beim Angriff auf Eion [1] am Strymon nach Demosthenes (or. 13,23) atéleia bzw. (or. 23,199) das attische Bürgerrecht verliehen [1. 20-23]. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [English version] [2] mil. Funktionsträger unter dem jüngeren Kyros, ca. 400 v.Chr. M. aus Pharsalos, der wie seine Vorfahren in enger Beziehung zur thessal. Dyn. der Aleuadai stand (M. war erṓmenos, “Geliebter”, des Aristippos) und den väterliche Gastfreundschaft …

(Ἐπικράτης). [English version] [1] Demokrat. Athener um 400 v. Chr. Athener. Kämpfte 403 v.Chr. auf seiten der Demokraten gegen die Oligarchie. 397 setzte er sich mit Kephalos für eine Zusammenarbeit mit Persien und einen raschen Bruch mit Sparta ein, auch auf die Gefahr eines neuen Krieges hin (Hell. Oxyrh. 10, 1-2 Chambers). Nach Konons Sieg in der Ägäis 394 mit Phormisios als Gesandter Athens beim persischen König. Nach seiner Rückkehr wegen Bestechlichkeit angeklagt, aber freigesprochen. 392/1 als Ges…

(Δημοσθένης). [English version] [1] Athenischer Feldherr im Peloponnesischen Krieg Bedeutender athenischer Feldherr während des Peloponnesischen Krieges. Erstmalig 427/6 v.Chr. Stratege, drang er mit westgriech. Verbündeten in Aitolien ein, um Boiotien von Westen angreifen zu können. Aufgrund taktischer Fehler erlitt D. eine schwere Niederlage und kehrte aus Furcht nicht nach Athen zurück (Thuk. 3,94-98). Beim Angriff der Aitoler und Spartaner auf den athenischen Stützpunkt Naupaktos 426 konnte D. aber m…

(Δημαίνετος). [English version] [1] Beiname des Asklepios in Elis Beiwort des Asklepios in Elis, nach dem Namen des Kultstifters (Paus. 6,21,4). Bloch, René (Princeton) [English version] [2] aus Parrhasia, wurde in einen Wolf verwandelt D. aus Parrhasia, einer Stadt in Arkadien. Er soll in einen Wolf verwandelt worden sein, nachdem er vom Fleisch eines Knaben aß, den die Arkader dem Iuppiter Lykaios geopfert hatten. Im 10. Jahr wieder Mensch geworden, siegte er im Faustkampf in Olympia (Skopas FGrH 413 F 1; Varro bei Aug. civ. 18,17). Bei Paus. 6,8,2 heißt er Damarchos. Bloch, René (Pr…

(Διότιμος). [English version] [1] Strategos in Kerkyra 433/2 v. Chr. Athener, Sohn des Strombichides, von Euonymon (Familie bis ins 3. Jh. bekannt). Strategos in Kerkyra 433/32 v.Chr. (Thuk. 1,45,2; IG I3 364,9); 439-32 Nauarch bei Neapolis (Timaios FGrH 566 F 98); führte evtl. eine Gesandtschaft nach Susa (Strab. 1,3,1). Vielleicht identisch mit D. bei Athen. 10,436e. Kinzl, Konrad (Peterborough) Bibliography Fraser/Matthews (1)  Davies, 4386. [English version] [2] Athenischer Stratege um 390 v. Chr. Athenischer Stratege. 390/89 v.Chr. Befehlshaber des athenischen S…

(Λύκων; Lýkōn). [German version] [1] Athenian, late 5th cent. BC Athenian, supported the rebellion of Pissuthnes against the Great King around 420 BC. Bribed by Tissaphernes, L. fell away from Pissuthnes and received several cities as territory under his rule in recompense (Ctesias FGrH 688 F 15,53). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] Prosecutor of Socrates Prosecutor of Socrates (Pl. Ap. 23e; 36a); satirized by comedians (Eupolis fr. 61; 232; Metagenes fr. 10 PCG; schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 1169) because of his poverty, foreign origin, …

(Εὐθύδημος; Euthýdemos). [German version] [1] Athenian strategos 418/7 BC Athenian strategos of 418/17 BC. He took part in the Sicilian campaign, during which in 414/13 both he and Menander became commanders to serve alongside Nicias. They were defeated before  Demosthenes [1] even arrived. They failed in their attempt to force their departure out of Syracuse's great harbour (Thuc. 7,16,1; 69,4; Diod. Sic. 13,13,2-4; Plut. Nicias 20). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography D. Kagan, The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition, 1981. [German version] [2] E. I. Greek ki…

(Φιλοκράτης; Philokrátēs). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (beginning of the 4th cent. BC) Athenian who advised the Athenians at the negotiations in 392/1 BC to reject a peace treaty with Sparta (Dem. Or. 23,116f.). As stratēgós, P. in the summer of 390 BC commanded ten ships that were sent to Cyprus to help Evagoras [1] but were captured by the Spartan Nauarch Teleutias (Xen. Hell. 4,8,24). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography P. Funke, Homónoia und Arché, 1980, 95; 144f.; 150. [German version] [2] Athenian rhetor and envoy, 4th cent. BC Son of Pythodorus from the de…

(Δημαίνετος; Dēmaínetos). [German version] [1] Epithet of Asclepius in Elis Epithet of  Asclepius in Elis, from the name of the cult founder (Paus. 6,21,4). Bloch, René (Berne) [German version] [2] From Parrhasia, allegedly transformed into a wolf D. from Parrhasia, a town in Arcadia. He is said to have been transformed into a wolf after he ate the flesh of a boy whom the Arcadians had sacrificed to Jupiter Lycaeus. After 10 years he became human again and was victorious in boxing at Olympia (Scopas FGrH 413 F 1; Varro in Aug. Civ. 18,17). In Paus. 6,8,2 he is called Damarchos. Bloch, René (Ber…

(Ἀλκιμένης, Alkiménēs). [German version] [1] Figure of Greek myth: brother of Bellerophontes Brother of Bellerophontes, also Peiren or Deliades, was killed by his brother, providing the reason for the flight to Argus (Apollod. 2,30; Tzetz. Lycophr. 17). Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) [German version] [2] Figure of Greek myth: son of Jason and Medea Son of Jason and Medea, brother of Teisander, both of whom were killed in Corinth by Medea; only Thettalus, A.'s twin brother, escaped. Both of these are buried in the Temenus of Hera and were venerated as heroes (Diod. Sic. 4,54,1; 4,55,1 f.). Gra…

(Ἐπικράτης; Epikrátēs). [German version] [1] Democratic Athenian c. 400 BC Athenian who fought with the democrats against the oligarchy in 403 BC. In 397 he and  Cephalus advocated collaboration with Persia and a clean, quick break with Sparta, even at the risk of a new war (Hell. Oxy. 10, 1-2 Chambers). After Conon's victory in the Aegean in 394, he accompanied Phormisius to the Persian king as emissary of Athens. On his return he was accused of corruption but acquitted. In 392/1 he went to Sparta as an …

(Ἐρατοσθένης; Eratosthénēs). [German version] [1] Athenian, active in the Peloponnesian War An Athenian of rich family. In 411 BC he was serving as a trierarch in the Hellespont, but left his ship in order to support the oligarchs in Athens (Lys. 12,42). After the capitulation of Athens in the Peloponnesian War (404 BC), E. belonged to an action group ─ the five ephors ─ working for an oligarchic coup. After the abolition of the democratic order, E. was on the ruling committee of the Thirty, and after its …

(Μένων; Ménōn). [German version] [1] Recipient of Athenian citizenship according to Demosthenes For his support for the Athenians in their attack on Eion [1] on the Strymon, M. of Pharsalus was, according to Demosthenes (Or. 13,23), awarded atéleia or (Or. 23,199) Athenian citizenship [1. 20-23]. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] Military official under Cyrus the younger, ca. 400 BC M. of Pharsalus, was, like his ancestors, closely connected to the Thessalian dynasty of the Aleuadai (M. was the erṓmenos, ‘beloved’, of Aristippus) and bound by paternal hosp…

(Ἀριστοφάνης; Aristophánēs). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (beginning of the 4th cent. BC) Son of  Nicophemus, a confidant of  Conon. Repeatedly chorēgós and trierarch. In 393 BC he was supposed to win  Dionysius I of Syracuse on Conon's order as an ally for Athens using a marriage alliance with  Evagoras of Salamis. When Athens sent Evagoras 10 triremes against the Persians in 390/89, A. helped in financing them and participated as a delegate. Returning from this unsuccessful campaign, A. and his father were executed by means of the apagoge and their fortune was confisc…

(Λύκων). [English version] [1] Athener Ende 5. Jh. v. Chr. Athener, unterstützte um 420 v.Chr. den Aufstand des Pissuthnes gegen den Großkönig. Von Tissaphernes bestochen, fiel L. von Pissuthnes ab und erhielt zur Belohnung einige Städte als Herrschaftsgebiet (Ktesias FGrH 688 F 15,53). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [English version] [2] Ankläger des Sokrates Ankläger des Sokrates (Plat. apol. 23e; 36a); wegen Armut, fremder Herkunft, der Promiskuität seiner Frau und des Verrats von Naupaktos durch Annahme von Bestechungsgeldern von Komödiendicht…

[German version] [3] Stratēgos of the Arcadians around 366 BC (Αἰνέας; Ainéas). From Stymphalus. Stratēgos of the Arcadians around 366 BC (Xen. Hell. 7,3,1). Whether identical to  Aeneas [2] Tacticus, cannot be clarified.  Thebae Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography D. Whitehead, Aineias the Tactician, 1990, 10-13 A. Winterling, Polisbegriff und Stasistheorie des Aeneas Tacticus, in: Historia 40, 1991, 191-229, 201. [German version] [1] Myth Mythical figure from Trojan war (Αἰνείας, Αἰνέας [Aineías, Ainéas]; Latin Aeneas). Thraco-Illyrian name [17. 311 f.]. Hecke…

(Διότιμος; Diótimos). [German version] [1] Strategos in Corcyra 433/2 BC Athenian, son of Strombichides, from Euonymon (his family is known into the 3rd cent.). Strategos in Corcyra in 433/32 BC (Thuc. 1,45,2; IG I3 364,9); 439-32 nauarchos at Neapolis (Timaeus FGrH 566 F 98); he may have led a legation to Susa (Str. 1,3,1). Perhaps identical with D. in Ath. 10,436e. Kinzl, Konrad (Peterborough) Bibliography Fraser/Matthews (1) Davies, 4386. [German version] [2] Athenian strategos c. 390 BC Athenian strategos. Commander of the Athenian mercenary force near Corinth in 390/…

(Δημοσθένης; Dēmosthénēs). [German version] [1] Athenian commander during the Peloponnesian War Prominent Athenian commander during the Peloponnesian War. Appointed strategos for the first time in 427/6 BC, he entered Aetolia with Western Greek allies so as to be able to attack Boeotia from the west. Through tactical errors D. suffered a severe defeat and fear prevented him from returning to Athens (Thuc. 3,94-98). However, in the Aetolian and Spartan assault on the Athenian stronghold of Naupactus in 426, D., wit…

(Φρύνιχος/ Phrýnichos). [German version] [1] P. from Athens Tragedian, around 500 BC Tragedian. According to Suda φ 762 (TrGF I 3 T 1) he achieved his first victory in 511/508 BC and died on Sicily (T 6). He is said to have been the first person to bring female roles to the stage and to have 'invented' the trochaic tetrameter (T 1), which probably means that he introduced the metre into the tragic genre. He was famous on account of the quality ('sweetness') of his sung parts (Aristoph. Vesp. 219), whose len…

(Χάρης). [English version] [1] Athenischer Stratege, 4.Jh. v.Chr. Athenischer Stratege des 4.Jh. v.Chr. Unterstützte 367/6 das von Argos und Sikyon bedrängte Phleius. Seine Hilfe für die Oligarchen auf Korkyra führte zum Austritt der Insel aus dem 2. Att. Seebund und brachte Athen bei den Bundesgenossen in Mißkredit. Erst 357/6 wieder zum Strategen gewählt. Im Vertrag zwischen Athen und den thrak. Königen Berisades, Amadokos I. und Kersobleptes wurde unter Ch. 357 die Teilung der thrak. Herrschaft und d…