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(Πολεμοκράτης/ Polemokrátēs). [German version] [1] Granted lands in Chalcidice by Philip II Under Philip [4] II P. received estates in the newly conquered region in the west of the Chalcidian peninsula; this estate as well as the one which his son Coenus [1], the future general of Alexander [4] the Great, had received from Philip, was later ratified by king Cassander and declared free from tax (Syll.3 332). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. B. Hatzopoulos, Une donation du roi Lysimaque, 1988. [German version] [2] see Alexanor; Machaon see Alexanor; Machaon

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War | Delian League ( Stageira; Στάγιρα/ Stágira, Στάγιρος/ Stágiros, Στάγειρα/ Stágeira, Στάγειρος/ Stágeiros). Colony of Andros, founded in the 7th cent. on the eastern coast of the Chalcidian peninsula, shown to have been to the east of modern Olympias. In the 6th cent., S. minted splendid silver coins, but as a member of the Delian League paid only 1000 drachmai (ATL 1, 412 f.). In 424 BC S. seceded to Brasidas (Thuc. 4,88,2), in 422 it was unsuccessfully assaulted by Cleon [1] (Thuc. 5…

[German version] (Δέρρις; Dérris). Cape at the southern end of Sithonia opposite Cape Canastraeum on Pallene. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 180.

[German version] (Βοττική; Bottikḗ). Region on the western coast of the Chalcidice peninsula, named after the inhabitants of the Macedonian Bottiaea, driven out of their homeland in around 600 BC, with several towns, of which only Olynthus (lost to the Chalcidicians in 479 BC) has been localized with certainty. In the Athenian League, Spartolus, as the most important town of the B., represented the tribal federation, and from 434/3 BC, further Bottiaean towns are registered in the Athenian tribute …

[German version] (Φλέγρα; Phlégra). According to Hdt. 7,123, the Pallene [4] peninsula originally bore the name of P. In antiquity, P. was thought to be the site of the battle between Heracles [1] and the Giants (Ephorus FGrH 70 F 34; Str. 7a,1,25; 27; Apollod. 1,6,1; 2,7,1; Steph. Byz. s.v. Παλλήνη). The renaming of the peninsula as Pallene can be traced back to the Achaean Pelleneis who landed at the later town of Scione on their return from Troy (Πελληνεῖς/ Pellēneîs, Polyaenus, Strat. 7,47; cf. Thuc. 4,120,1). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography E. Oberhummer, s.v. Ph., RE 20, 264f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League On the east coast of Pallene south of Potidaea. A member of the  Delian League during the 5th cent. BC, A. remained loyal to Athens even after 432 BC; A. received concessions in exchange (ATL 2,75, D 21), but as a consequence was besieged by Lysander (Plut. Lys. 20,7; Paus. 3,18,3). As a member of the Chalcidian League for a time during the 1st half of the 4th cent. (Syll.3 135), A. became part of the Macedonian realm. A. briefly re…

[German version] (Ἀρύββας; Arýbbas). Son of Alcetas (Plut. Pyrrhus 1,5; Paus. 1,11,1ff.), he became the sole king of the Molossi in about 360 BC after the death of his brother Neoptolemus, with whom he seems to have shared rule, married Neoptolemus' daughter Troas and took over the guardianship of her siblings  Alexander [6] and  Olympias. No later than 357, he gave the latter as a wife to the Macedonian king Philip II (Just. E…

[German version] (Σερμαῖοι; Sermaîoi). A city, mentioned from 450/449 until 432/1 in the Athenian tribute lists (ATL 398 f.) and reassessed in 421 BC, probably to be located on the western side of the Chalcidian peninsula; its later history is unknown. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 223-225.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Στρέψα/ Strépsa). A city - probably in the west of the region Anthemus to the south of Basilica - first mentioned for the time of Xerxes' campaign (Hellanikos FGrH 4 F 61) and from 454/3 BC in the Athenian tribute lists with an unchanging tribute of one talent (ATL 1, 412 f.). In 432 S. seceded from Athens and probably could not be won back. For one last time, S. is mentioned in Aeschin. Leg. 27 among the cities conquered in 370 BC from Calindoea by Pausanias [5], the pretender to the Macedonian throne,. Zahrnt, Michael (…

[German version] (Ἄλωρος; Álōros). Macedonian city located south of the  Haliacmon near Cypsela, hometown of  Ptolemaeus (son-in-law of Macedonian king Amyntas [3] III) and of the trierarch Pantauchus (Alexander's Indus fleet) [1]. Mentioned in ancient geographical literature (cf. Pomponius Mela 2,35); way-station in the imperial period. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography 1 Berve 2, no. 604. N. G. L. Hammond, A History of Macedonia 1, 1972, 131-135 M. B. Hatzopoulos, L. D. Loukopoulou, Two Studies in Ancient Macedonian Topography, 1987, 37-40 F. Papazoglou, Les vill…

[German version] (Σίνος; Sínos). City in Bottice, known only from the Athenian tribute lists, where it appears four times between 434/3 and 421/0 BC (ATL 1,406 f.). A document from the time of Cassander found in Potidaea (Syll.3 332) mentions estates in the area of Sinaea. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. B. Hatzopoulos, Une donation du roi Lysimaque, 1988  M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 230 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Dark Ages | Ionic | Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) (Ὄλυνθος; Ólynthos). In mythology, O. was either a son of the river god Strymon, who died hunting at the site of the future town of O. in the west of Chalcidice, or a son of Hercules. The location of the town named after him, on two elongated hills on the east bank of the Vatunia River, was established by American excavations (1928-1934). The southerly hill was set…

[German version] (Σκάψα; Skápsa). The Scapsaei, who feature in the Athenian tribute lists (ATL 1, 408 f.) from 452/1 BC onwards, may be identified with the inhabitants of the city of Campsa, located by Hdt. 7,123,2 in Crusis, to the northwest of modern Nea Iraklia. In 432 they seceded from Athens, but were won back and there is evidence of their being members of the Delian League in 415/4. In the middle of the 4th century S. was a member of the Chalcidian League, before the city was conquered by Philippus [4] II. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 197…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War | Delian League (Σπάρτωλος/ Spárt ōlos). The most significant city in the territory of the Bottiaei, hard to locate exactly, first mentioned in the Athenian Tribute Lists (ATL 1, 412 f.), initially with two talents, from 434/3 BC with three. S. seceded from Athens in 432 (Thuc. 1,58,1) and participated on the side of its opponents in the Peloponnesian War. In the summer of 429 the Athenians suffered a defeat at S.; the following wint…

[German version] (Θάρυψ/ Tháryps). The T. mentioned in 429 BC as being under the guardianship of a Sabylinthus (Thuc. 2,80,6) is the first undoubtedly historical king of the Molossi. According to Plut. Pyrrhus 1,4 he made a name for himself as the first Molossian ruler by providing the cities with Greek customs, education and benign laws; according to Just. Epit. 17,3,9-13 he was raised in Athens and was the first to institute laws, a council, annually changing officials and a rei publicae forma ('state structure'). Accordingly, the monarch-led federal state may have been c…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Μηκύβερνα/ Mēkýberna). M., which is located about 20 stadia east of Olynthus on the northern coast of the Gulf of Torone, is first mentioned in Hecat. FGrH 1 F 150 and in the context of Xerxes' campaign (Hdt. 7,122). After 446 BC it is recorded in the Athenian tribute lists. In 432, M. revolted against Athens, was dissolved as a pólis and lost its population to Olynthus, but was reconquered before 425. In the ‘Peace of Nicias’ ( Peloponnesian War), its independence from Olynthus was establi…

[German version] (Σιθῶνες/ Sithônes, Σίθωνες/ Síthōnes). The S., counted by Str. 7a,1,11 as a group of the Edones in Thrace, may have been the original inhabitants of Sithonia and its hinterland, driven back by Chalcidians from Euboea [1] colonising the region. Their relationship to the Sithoni mentioned in Plin. HN 4,41 on the coast of the Black Sea is unknown. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. B. Hatzopoulos, Actes de vente de la Chalcidique centrale, 1988, 52 f.  Id., Grecs et barbares dans les cités de l'arrière-pays de la Chalcidique, in: Klio 71, 1989, 60-65.

[German version] (Θυσσός/ Thyssós). City on the western coast of the Acte peninsula (Chalkidice); remains between the Zographou and Konstamonitou monasteries. It appears in the Athenian lists of tribute quotas with a tribute between 4,000 and 9,000 drachmai, remained in the Delian League (cf. ATL 1, 286 f.) even after 432 BC, passed to Brasidas in the winter of 424/3 (Thuc. 4,109), but seems to have been conquered back in the following year by Cleon [1]. In the summer of 421, T., described in Thuc. 5,35,1 as an ally of the Athenian…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (ᾌνεια; Áineia). Situated on the north-west coast of the  Chalcidice peninsula, close to the modern Nea Moudania, of unknown origin. Taking coins as evidence, A. was seen as a foundation by  Aeneas [1] as early as 500 BC. In the 5th cent. BC, it joined the  Delian League, and remained a member beyond 432 BC. At the latest in 349/8 BC, it became Macedonian. In 315 BC, it lost a number of its inhabitants to the new foundation of Thessalonica, but continued to exist. A. is further mentioned on a Delphian list of theorodokoi (a…

[German version] (Assa). Localized by Hdt. 7,122 on the northern coast of the Gulf of Singus, it was identical with the A. of the tribute lists of the  Delian League and was located at the seaside south of the modern Gomation. In 432 BC, A., together with other Chalcidians, seceded from Athens and, for a while, belonged to the Chalcidic state, later to the Chalcidic Confederacy (FGrH Theopompus 115 fr. 147). With the demise of the confederacy, A. became Macedonian; last mentioned around 200 BC in a list of Delphian theorodokoi. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes…