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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | | Coloniae Umbrian harbour-city north of the mouth of the Metaurus ( regio VI), where the via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic coast; the modern Fano (Pesaro; It. Gaditanum 95; It. Ant. 126; It. Burd. 615; Tab. Peut. 5,2). The name derives from the cult of Fortuna. F. had the status of a municipium, tribus Pollia. The city was occupied by Caesar after his crossing of the Rubicon (Caes. B Civ. 1,11,4); under Augustus it was the veterans' colony of Iulia Fanestris (CIL XI 6232); basilica of Vitruvius (5,1,6-10; [1; 2])…

[German version] Town of the Aurunci in Latium adiectum at the foot of the montes Fundani (Tac. Ann. 4,59) on the via Appia between Tarracina and Formiae, 74 miles from Rome, modern Fondi (Latina). In 338 or 332 BC together with  Formiae civitas sine suffragio (Liv. 8,14,10; Vell. Pat. 1,14,4), F. then sided with the Privernati (Liv. 8,19). In 188 BC F. and Formiae belonged to the tribus Aemilia ( cum suffragio); F. was a praefectura; in 174 it obtained an aqueduct through the Roman censores (Liv. 41,27,11). F. was a municipium with three aediles and had a cult of Hercules. Under Augustus F. was a c…

[German version] (vulgarly also Vicoventia). Vicus (cf. CIL V 2383; XI 421) in Regio VIII (Aemilia;  cf. Regio , with map). It flourished from the 1st cent. AD as an administrative centre of the saltus regionis Padanae Vercellensium Ravennatium (cf. ILS 1509). Documented from 431 AD as a suffragan bishopric of Ravenna (Petrus Chrysologus, Sermo 175). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Uggeri, Insediamenti, viabilità e commerci, in: N. Alfieri (ed.), Storia di Ferrara, vol. 3, 1989, 57-60.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Coloniae City on the fossilized (that is, practically dried-up) tributary of the Auser (modern Serchio), which in ancient times flowed into the Arno at Pisa, today Lucca; last colonia of Latin law, founded in 180 BC by Rome on the territory of the Pisani (Liv. 40,43,1); from 89 BC municipium of the tribus Fabia. Important road junction (It. Ant. 283ff.; Tab. Peut. 4,1); in 56 BC the so-called triumvirate between Caesar, Po…

[German version] Island in the Mare Tyrrhenum off Etruria, modern Pianosa. Prehistorical finds, villa of Agrippa [2] Postumus, catacombs. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 13, 535-546.

Roman family name of Etruscan origin ( Ceicna, Schulze, 75, 285, 567; ThlL, Onom. 15f.), whose bearers belonged to the city aristocracy of Volaterrae (cf. Cic. Fam. 6,6,9), where the family is attested in several branches and partly through richly adorned graves. (CIE 18-24; 36-42 et al.). The lineage appeared in Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but never lost its links with its homeland (cognomen Tuscus in C. [II 9]); villa of the Roman city prefect of AD 414, Caecina Decius Atinatius Albinus, (PLRE 1, 50)…

[German version] Volcanic massif (956 m) in Latium Vetus (Latini), modern-day Monte Cavo, southeast of Rome (from it derives the term lapis Albanus,  a grey-coloured peperino or volcanic tuff used in buildings in Rome). The centre of cult worship originally lay beneath Alba Longa in a grove, then later in the temple of Iuppiter Latiaris ( templum Iovis Latiaris, CIL XIV 2227) 20 miles from Rome, where , in spring, the Latins and Romans sacrificed a white bull on occasion of the feriae Latinae and organised games in the presence of all the  magistrates.The grove of Diana Nemorensis ( nemus D…

[German version] Samnite tribe on the Adriatic coast (Str. 5,4,2). The name is derived from the dissimilation of the place name [1] * Frentrum, which in turn was inferred through numismatical ( Frentrei) and inscriptional ( Frentra[ni]) methods [2]. The F. settled on the slopes of the regio VII that fall away towards the Adriatic, between the Maiella mountains and the coastal region surrounded by Ortona, the valleys of the Sagrus (Sangro), the Trinius (Trigno), the Tifernus, and the Frento (Fortore). In the west, the tribal area bordered on t…

[German version] [1] Anatolian goddess in Rome More fully Mater Deum Magna Idaea (see [1] on the name), the goddess Mḗtēr/ Cybele, who was brought from Pergamum to Rome in 204/5 BC as demanded by the Sibyllini libri and with the help of Attalos [4] I. Even in antiquity the precise place of origin was disputed: Pessinus (Liv. 29, 10,5; 11,7), Pergamum (Varro ling. 6, 15), or the mountain chain Ida [2] in the Troad (Ov. fast. 4,263f.). The cult of Mḗtēr/Kybele is attested at all three places. Research favours an origin on Ida [2.16-20] or from Pessinus [3.318] - in each case t…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Coloniae Latin   colonia with 6,000 colonists, founded as a fortification to control a road junction in 304 BC (Liv. 10. 1. 2) in the area of the  Aequi: the later via Valeria (between Rome and the Adriatic;   decumanus of the city laid out at right angles) and a road that connected Etruria with Campania along the Liris met there. Served as place of exile for Syphax, for Perseus and for Bituitus. Decline since the 3rd cent.…

[German version] Marshy region on the river Eridanus, which had originated from a southern arm of the Padus (Po) in the period of Early History and had dried up in the Roman period. The fossil river bed was used in the construction of the fossa Augusta , the navigable canal between Padus and Classis which was the port for Ravenna (cf. Plin. HN 3,119). P. is associated with the myth of Phaethon and Cycnus [3] (Diod. Sic.5,23,3). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography L. Gambi, Cosa era la Padusa, 1950  G. Uggeri, La Romanizzazione dell'antico Delta Padano, 1975, 49  Id., Insediamenti, viab…

[German version] Right-bank tributary of the Calor (modern Calore) in the territory of the Hirpini, modern Tammaro. It rises in the region of Saepinum, crosses the Ager Taurasinus, touches Forum Novum (modern Sant' Arcangelo) and into the Calor at Beneventum; stretches of it are flanked by the via Minucia (station Super Thamari fluvium:  It. Ant. 103,1) and the via Traiana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Miller, 370 G. De Benedittis, L'alta valle del T., in: Studi Beneventani 4-5, 1991, 3-38.

[German version] Tributary of the Tiber running through Sabina and Umbria, present-day Nera, parts of which formed the boundary between regio IV and VI (Enn. Ann. fr. 260 V2: sulphureas ... Naris ad undas; Verg. Aen. 7,517; nar is Sabine for  ‘sulphur’). It had its source at Mons Tetrica in the territory of Nursia. M'. Curius [4] Dentatus diverted the Velinus (outflow of the Lacus Velinus and the Avens, Himella und Tolerus rivers) into the N. It flowed past Interamna [1] Nahars (modern Terni), where it was crossed by the via Flaminia, which led to Spoletium. It ran below Narnia and wa…

[German version] (the modern Paglia). Right tributary of the Tiber which at Volsinii (the modern Orvieto) is joined by the Clanis flowing from Clusium.  A harbour (Pagliano) is formed where it flows into the Tiber. A station Pallia was situated on the via Cassia between Volsinii and Clusium (Tab. Peut. 4,5). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Station in Etruria on the via Aemilia Scauri between Vada Volaterrana and Pisae (It. Ant. 293). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Sordi, La via Aurelia da Vada a Pisa, in: Athenaeum 59, 1971, 302-312.

[German version] [1] Capital city of (non-Etruscan) Falisci in southern Etruria This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Italy, languages | Oracles Capital city of (non-Etruscan) Falisci in southern Etruria on a tuff spur of the eastern Monti Cimini between two righthand tributaries of the Tiberis (Vicano and Fosso Maggiore). Founded by the Argive hero  Halesus (Ov. Fast. 4,73), according to others a Chalcidian foundation (Iust. 20,1,13). Had its own Italic dialect (Str. 5,2,9; [1; 2; 3]). Cu…

[German version] [1] Celtic people in Umbria and Picenum Celtic people which migrated at the end of the 4th cent. BC from the south of Gaul into the area between the Apennine mountains and the Ionios Kolpos (Adriatic) in the region of the Rivers Sena and Tinna in Umbria and Picenum (Liv. 5,35,3). As allies of the Samnites in the third Samnite War, they were defeated by the Romans in 295 BC, and their territory was seized by Rome; they were expelled a few years later ( Ager Gallicus ). Rome founded Sena Gallica there probably in 289 BC (Pol. 2,19,12; Liv. Epit. …

[German version] Left tributary of the Liris in Latium in the region between Sora and Arpinum, modern Fibreno. At its mouth was the location of Cicero's villa (Cic. Leg. 2,6), remains of which are thought to be recognizable in the abbey of San Domenico near Isola del Liri. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen vol. 2, 670.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Town in Umbria ( regio VI) in the Apennines between the rivers Potenza and Chienti on the border with Picenum, modern Camerino. Allied with Rome by an aequo foedere from 309 BC (Liv. 9,36), it supported Scipio in 205 BC in his fight against Hannibal (Liv. 28,45); Marius granted Roman citizenship to two cohorts from C. in the war against the Cimbri. Municipium of the tribus Cornelia. Septimius Severus confirmed the rights of the municipes Camertes (CIL XI 5631). Mosaic on the Piazza Garibaldi, finds in S. G…

[German version] Town of the Hirpini in the regio II on the border to Lucania, modern Conza della Campania (Province of Avellino). Located on a height by the upper  Aufidus, at the crossing to the Sele valley (Sella di Conza). Involved in the Second Punic War, Hannibal's base of operations after Cannae (216 BC), but it was reconquered by Fabius Maximus (214 BC). In the Social War on Rome's side (Vell. 2,16). Municipium of the tribus Galeria. Cults of the Mater Deum and Iupiter Vicilinus in agro Compsano (Liv. 24,44,8). Epigraphy: CIL IX, p. 88, 963-993, Roman sarcophagi, episcopal…