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(Ἀρχάγαθος). [English version] [1] Sohn des Agathokles [2] (Ende 4. Jh. v. Chr.) Vor seiner Rückkehr nach Sizilien 308/7 v. Chr. übergab Agathokles [2] das afrikan. Kommando seinem ältesten Sohn A. trotz dessen geringer mil. Begabung. Da dieser die Invasionsarmee zersplitterte, errangen die Karthager bald bedeutende Erfolge und schlossen A. in Tunes ein (Diod. 20,57-61). Auch Agathokles konnte nach seiner Rückkehr die Lage in Afrika nicht mehr wenden und floh unter Preisgabe des Heeres nach Sizilien. Infolgedessen erschlugen die erbitterten Soldaten A. (Diod. 20,68). Meister, K…

(Γέλων). [English version] [1] Größter sizilischer Tyrann vor Dionysios I., um 491-478 v. Chr. Sohn des Deinomenes aus Gela, größter sizilischer Tyrann vor Dionysios I., Regierungszeit ca. 491-478 v.Chr. Zuerst Leibwächter, später Reiteroberst des Hippokrates von Gela, usurpierte er nach dessen Tod 491 die Tyrannis über Gela und brachte die ostsizilische archḗ seines Vorgängers, die Gela, Kamarina, Kallipolis, Leontinoi, Katane, Naxos und zahlreiche Sikelergemeinden umfaßte, in seine Gewalt (Hdt. 7,154). Um 485 von den nach Kasmenai vertriebenen…

(Ἑρμαῖος). [English version] [1] H. Soter Indogriech. König 1. Jh. v. Chr. (mittelind. Heramaya). Der letzte indogriech. König in Paropamisadai (h. Südosten Afghanistans) im 1. Jh. v.Chr., vielleicht Sohn des Amyntas [8]. Wie so viele indogriech. Könige ist er nur durch seine Münzen belegt, darunter eine große Menge postumer Ausgaben, geprägt von Indoskythen aus Baktrien, die ihn beseitigt hatten (nach [1] nach 30, nach [2] um 50, nach [3] um 70 v.Chr.). Seine Gemahlin war Kalliope. Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki) Bibliography 1 W.W. Tarn, The Greeks in Bactria and India, 1951 2 A.K. Na…

(Δεινομένης). [English version] [1] Dynastiegründer aus Gela D. aus Gela, Begründer der Dynastie der Deinomeniden, Vater der Tyrannen Gelon, Hieron, Polyzalos und Thrasybulos (vgl. Simonides, fr. 141 Bergk = PLG 3,1166; Pind. P. 1,79; 2,18; Hdt. 7,145; Timaios FGrH 566 F 97; Diod. 11,67,2; Paus. 6,12,1ff.; 8,42,8). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [English version] [2] Sohn des Tyrannen Hieron, 5. Jh.v.Chr. Sohn des Tyrannen Hieron aus erster Ehe mit der Tochter des Syrakusiers Nikokles (Timaios FGrH 566 F 97) und als Knabe unter der Vormundschaft von Hierons Sc…

(Φερεκύδης). [English version] [1] Ph. von Syros Mythograph und Kosmologe, 6. Jh. v. Chr. Griech. Mythograph und Kosmologe, 6. Jh.v.Chr.; nach einer älteren Trad. war er Zeitgenosse des Alyattes (ca. 605-560 v.Chr.; Pherekydes 7 A 2 DK; Akusilaos 9 A 1 DK), nach einer anderen fiel sein schriftstellerischer Höhepunkt in die 59. Olympiade (544-541 v.Chr., somit wäre er Zeitgenosse des Kyros [2]; Diog. Laert. 1,118 und 121; vgl. Pherekydes 7 A 1 DK). Nach Diog. Laert. 1,116 war sein Buch noch im 3. Jh.n.Chr. erh.; sein Titel lautete wohl Heptámychos, ‘Mit sieben Schlupfwinkeln (Suda …

(Δήμων). [English version] [1] Onkel des Demosthenes Onkel des Demosthenes, für seine Amtsführung als Priester 386/5 v.Chr. geehrt (IG II2 1140); möglicherweise Trierarch 373/2 (IG II2 1607, 26; erneut später IG II2 1609,13; [1. 115] unter Demosthenes 3597 II). Engels, Johannes (Köln) [English version] [2] Neffe des Demosthenes, athenischer Priester Sohn des Demomeles aus dem Demos Paiania, Neffe des Demosthenes, Priester des städtischen Asklepioskultes (IG II2 4969), wohl identisch mit dem Rhetor, dessen Auslieferung Alexandros [4] der Gr. 335 v.Chr. forder…

(Μαιάνδριος). [English version] [1] M. aus Samos Tyrann von Samos, 6. Jh. v.Chr. Vertrauter des Tyrannen Polykrates, führte für diesen Verhandlungen mit dem persischen Satrapen Oroites (Hdt. 3,123; vgl. Lukian. Charidemos 14). Nach dem Tod des Polykrates erlangte M. um das J. 521 v.Chr. selbst die Tyrannis, mußte aber bald dem von den Persern eingesetzten Syloson weichen (Hdt. 3,142-6). Er floh nach Sparta, wurde aber von den Ephoren aufgrund seines Reichtums des Landes verwiesen (Hdt. 3,148; Plut. mor. 224a-b). Beck, Hans (Köln) Bibliography J. Roisman, M. of Samos, in: Histor…

(Λάνασσα). [English version] [1] Vorfahrin des moloss. Königshauses Tochter des Kleodaios, Enkelin des Hyllos, Urenkelin des Herakles [1], Ahnfrau des molossischen Königshauses von Epeiros (Plut. Pyrrhos 1,2; Lysimachos, FGrH 382 F 10). Neoptolemos raubt sie aus dem Zeustempel von Dodona, nimmt sie zur Frau und hat mit ihr acht Kinder, darunter Pyrrhos (Iust. 17,3,4). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography P. Levêque, Pyrrhos, 1957, 643  M. Schmidt, s.v. L., RE 12, 617. [English version] [2] Frau von Pyrrhos und Demetrios Poliorketes, 3. Jh. v. Chr. Tochter des Agathokles…

(Δαφναῖος). [English version] [1] Stratege in Syrakus, 406 v.Chr. Stratege in Syrakus, sollte 406 v.Chr. das von Karthagern belagerte Akragas entsetzen, was aber fehlschlug, angeblich wegen seiner Korruptheit (Diod. 13,86,4ff.). Dieser Mißerfolg führte zur Absetzung des Feldherrenkollegiums, der Ernennung des Dionysios [1] zum bevollmächtigten Strategen und damit zu dessen Tyrannis. 405 brachte Dionysios den D. um (Diod. 13,96,3). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [English version] [2] Beiname Apollons Epiklese Apollons (Anth. Pal. 9,477; Nonn. Dion. 13,82). Wichtig ist…

(Σκύθης). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles Third son of Heracles [1] (or Zeus: Diod. 2,43,3) and Echidna, brother of Agathyrsus and Gelonus [1]. Is the only son able to accomplish the task, set by his father, of drawing his bow and putting on his belt, and so becomes the king of Hylaea and the eponym of the Scythae (Hdt. 4,8-10; Steph. Byz. s. v. Σκύθαι; IG 1293 A 95 f.; cf. Sen. Herc. f. 533; Sen. Herc. Oetaeus 157). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 A. Nercessian, s. v. S. (1), LIMC 7.1, 794. [German version] [2] Tyrant of Cos, c. 500 BC Tyrant of  Cos c. 500 BC; in 494/3 he handed his…

(Δήμων; Dḗmōn). [German version] [1] Uncle of Demosthenes Uncle of  Demosthenes, honoured for the way in which he conducted his office as priest in 386/5 BC (IG II2 1140); possibly trierarch in 373/2 (IG II2 1607, 26; again later IG II2 1609,13; [1. 115] see Demosthenes 3597 II). Engels, Johannes (Cologne) [German version] [2] Nephew of Demosthenes, Athenian priest Son of Demomeles of the Paeania deme, nephew of  Demosthenes, priest of the urban Asclepius cult (IG II2 4969), probably identical with the rhetor whose extradition was demanded by  Alexander [4] the Great i…

(Ἀναξίλαος; Anaxílaos). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Rhegium (494-476 BC) Of Rhegium. Belonged to a family which emigrated from Messene to  Rhegium after the second Messenian War at the end of the 7th cent. BC. In 494 BC A. deposed the oligarchy of the 1,000 richest citizens in Rhegium (Aristot. fr. 611,55; Pol. 6,1316 a 38) and established there a personal rulership. A short while later he convinced the Samians and Milesians, who during their flight from the Persians were invited by the Zanclaeans to s…

(Μύρσιλος; Mýrsilos). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Mytilene, c. end of the 7th cent. BC Pilloried as the ‘tyrant of Mytilene in the fragments of the lyric poet Alcaeus [4] (oldest documentary evidence for the word monarchía ), M. is therefore ranked by Strabo alongside Melanchrus and Pittacus (Str. 13,2,3). His name points to Lydia (Hdt. 1,7 and he was possibly part of the Cleanactid family (schol. to Alcaeus 112,23 Lobel-Page = Voigt). After Melanchrus' overthrow he became a tyrant and survived a conspiracy…

(Κράτιππος; Krátippos). [German version] [1] Of Athens, contemporary of Thucydides, continued Th.'s work of Athens. According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus (De Thucydide 16), he was roughly a contemporary of  Thucydides and also the one who continued his work. The table of contents from his historical work which spanned at least to 394 BC is recorded in Plutarch (mor. 345c-e). Some researchers (e.g. [1; 2; 4; 5; 6]) claim that C. was a significant historian of the 4th cent. BC and the author of the   Hellēnikà Oxyrhýnchia , others (e.g. Ed. Schwarz, Ed. Meyer…

(Ἱκέτας; Hikétas). [German version] [1] Syracusan nobleman, tyrant of Leontini, around 350 BC Syracusan nobleman, friend of  Dion [I 1]. In the troubles after Dion's death in 353 BC he won the tyranny of Leontini. He initially supported the Syracusans in their struggle against  Dionysius [2] II. However, during his campaign against Syracuse in 346 he reached an understanding with Dionysius because of the approaching Carthaginians and supported his plea to the Corinthians for help. The superiority of the Cart…

[German version] (Φοινικοῦσσα/ Phoinikoûssa, Φοινικώδης/ Phoinikṓdēs, Latin Phoenicusa). The sixth of the Aeoliae Insulae in Plin. HN 3,94, modern Filicudi, between the islands of Aliculi in the west and Salina in the east. The date-palm island (φοῖνιξ/ phoînix, Aristot. Mir. 132; Str. 6,2,11) was used for pasture, but at times was settled: a prehistorical settlement has been discovered on Cape Graziano in the east of P., and also numerous graves of the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Below sea-level there are remains of buildings surviving from various eras. Meister, Klaus (Berlin) F…

(Μαιάνδριος; Maiándrios). [German version] [1] M. of Samos Tyrant of Samos, 6th cent. BC Confidant of the tyrant Polycrates, conducted negotiations with the Persian satrap Oroetes (Hdt. 3,123; cf. Lucian. Charidemus 14) for him. After the death of Polycrates, M. himself managed to become tyrant in about 521 BC but soon had to give way to Syloson, who was appointed by the Persians (Hdt. 3,142-6). He fled to Sparta but was expelled from the country by the ephors because of his wealth (Hdt. 3,148; Plut. Mor. 224a-b). Beck, Hans (Cologne) Bibliography J. Roisman, M. of Samos, in: Historia …

(Σωσίστρατος/ Sōsístratos). [German version] [1] Oligarch in Syracuse, second half of the 4th cent. BC From c. 330 BC leader with Heraclides of the Oligarchy of the Six Hundred in Syracusae. Although he was suspected by Agathocles [2] of aspirations to tyranny, his successes in the war of Croton with the Bruttii confirmed his position in Syracuse (Diod. 19,3,3-5). After a military failure against Rhegium he was banished from Syracuse c. 322 (Diod. 19,4,3), but he and his followers were able to return under Acestoridas; after Agathocles seized power in 316/5, howe…

(Τιμαγένης/ Timagénēs). [German version] [1] T. of Alexandria Greek rhetor and historian, 1st cent. BC The Greek rhetor and historian T. arrived in Rome in 55 BC as a prisoner of war of A. Gabinius [I 2] and was ransomed by Sulla's son Cornelius [I 87] Faustus (FGrH 88 T 1). He worked there as a respected rhetor, mentioned in the same breath as Caecilius [III 5] of Cale Acte and Craton (T 1 and 2). Initially, he was in great favour with Augustus, but later fell into disgrace with the emperor because of his all…

(Ἑλλάνικος; Hellánikos). [German version] [1] H. of Mytilene Greek historian, end of 5th cent. BC (T 1). Contrary to ancient tradition, which sometimes puts his birth date towards the end of the 6th cent. (T 4), sometimes at the beginning of the 5th cent. (T 3) and sometimes in the year 480/479 BC (T 1 and 6), younger rather than older contemporary of  Herodotus. At any rate the datable works belong to the last third of the 5th cent. H. analyzed the Herodotean collection of topics into individual components by a series of monographs and, reverting to  Hecataeus [3], even…