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[English Version] Rizal, José (19.6.1861 Kalamba – 31.12.1896 Manila), Arzt, Schriftsteller und Nationalheld philippinisch-chinesisch-span. Herkunft. Hochgebildet (Jesuitenschule, Studium in Manila, Madrid, Paris, Heidelberg), weltgewandt und vielsprachig, knüpfte R. enge Kontakte zu eur. Gelehrten und Intellektuellen und wurde Wortführer der Opposition gegen die span. Kolonialherrschaft in seinem Land, die Gleichberechtigung, demokratische Reformen und ein Ende der Despotie der rel. Orden forderte…

[German Version] (Jun 19, 1861, Kalamba – Dec 31, 1896, Manila), physician, writer, and national hero of Filipino-Chinese-Spanish origin. Erudite (Jesuit school, studies in Manila, Madrid, Paris, Heidelberg), sophisticated, and a polyglot, he made close contacts with European scholars and intellectuals, and became a spokesman for the opposition against Spanish colonial rule in his country, calling for equal rights, democratic reforms, and an end to the despotism of the religious orders. Rizal acte…

[German Version] (May 5, 1860, Batac, Philippines – Sep 1, 1940, Manila) studied theology, was consecrated to the priesthood in 1889, took part in the Filipino struggle for liberation (from 1896 against Spain, 1898–1901 against the USA), fought for the political independence of the country and at the same time for the indigenization of the Catholic Church. Thi…