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[German version] (Δίνων; Dínōn) of Colophon, the 4th cent. BC, father of Cleitarchus, a historian of Alexander (FGrH 690 T 2), and the author of the Persiká in at least three parts ( syntáxeis) with several books each (F 3) from Semiramis (at least) to the reconquest of Egypt by Artaxerxes [3] III (343/2). The often novel-like and sensationalist representation (cf. F 10; 17; 22) was influenced by Ctesias and was used, e.g., by Pompeius Trogus and Plutarch (Artaxerxes). FGrH 690. Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography O. Lendle, Einführung in die griech. Geschichtsschreibung, 1992, 271 H. …

[German version] The Anagraphé of Lindus (on Rhodes), discovered in 1904, is an outstanding example of a local history work with a special topic. The inscription was set up upon application by Hagesitimus, the son of Timachidas, through a decision of the council at the sanctuary of Athena Lindia in 99 BC: it contains the wording of this decision (= A), an inventory of 45 votive offerings that were set up (allegedly) in the temple (= B and C), and the description of four epiphanies (‘manifestations…

[German version] (Ψάων; Psáōn) of Plataeae, author of a universal history, continuing the work of  Diyllus (Diod. 21,5). It therefore begins in 297/6 BC; its end point is unknown: Only 3 fragments survive (FGrH 78 with comm.). Meister, Klaus (Berlin)

[German version] (Κλύτος; Klýtos) of Miletus, pupil of Aristotle [6] and author of Perí Milḗtou in at least two bks, quoted only by Athenaeus (12,540c; 14,655c). Perhaps used by Aristotle in the Milēsíōn politeía. FGrH 490 with comm. Meister, Klaus (Berlin)

[German version] (Ἔφορος; Éphoros) from Cyme in Asia Minor; Greek universal historian, lived c. 400-330. On the basis of his style, in antiquity he was held to be a student of Isocrates. He was a contemporary of Theopompus (FGrH 70 T 3-5; 8; 28), and was said to have refused Alexander's invitation to accompany him on his campaign in 334 BC (T 6). Works: Epichṓrios lógos (‘History of our homeland’): an encomium to Cyme, which E. even made the homeland of Homer (F 1). ‘On inventions’: to be assigned to the realm of ‘sophist polyhistory’ (cf. Ed. Schwartz), it c…

[German version] (Ζώιππος/ Zṓippos) from Syracuse. Husband of Heraclea, the daughter of Hieron [2] II. On the latter's initiative he, Adranodorus and others were appointed guardians of the young king Hieronymus [3] (Liv. 24,4-5). By turning towards Carthage he brought about a reorientation of Syracuse's former Rome-friendly policy (Pol. 7,2,1). At the report of the death of Hieronymus in 214 BC, while he was on a diplomatic mission to Ptolemaeus [I 7] IV Philopator in Alexandria [1], he never again returned to Syracuse (Liv. 24,26,1). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography G. de Sens…

[German version] ( tò tōn hexakosíōn synédrion). From the death of Timoleon in 337 BC until Agathocles' [2] coup d'état in 316 the oligarchy of the Six Hundred played a prominent part in the politics of Syracusae. Owing to the disparate sources, the origins, competence, composition and statutory status of the SH are unclear (cf. summary in [1]). Diodorus [18] (19,5,6), for instance, describes the SH sometimes as a regular constitutional body and sometimes as a political faction (Hetairia [2]), which h…

[German version] (Ἀριστόκριτος; Aristókritos, of Miletus?). Dating uncertain but before Parthenius (1st cent. BC). Wrote 1 book Peri Miletou: urban history or periegesis. Identification with the author of the book ‘Against Heracleodorus’ according to Jacoby is ‘entirely doubtful’ (FGrH 493 with commentary). Meister, Klaus (Berlin)

[German version] (Κλείδημος; Kleídēmos, also Cleitodemus, Κλειτόδημος; Kleitódēmos). From Athens, according to Pausanias (10,15,5 = FGrH 323 T 1) the earliest Atthidographer (  Atthis ). C. wrote c. 350 BC an Atthís in at least 4 books, which is also quoted in the Protogonía (‘History of the First-Born People’) and was distinguished by dramatic vividness according to Plutarch (Mor. 345E). It extended from the mythological creation of the world to the  Peloponnesian war: the last event recorded was in 415 BC (F 10). C., himself an exēgētḗs (‘interpreter’) of sacred law, also wrote an Exēg…

[German version] (Ἀνδροτίων; Androtíōn). From Athens, author of an Athenian local history, student of  Isocrates. As the only one among the  Atthidographers also politically active: he began his career in 387 BC (T 3), occupied a military commanding role in the Social War (T 7) and was in 355/4 a member of a delegation to  Mausolus, which was to clear the way for the Persian war (T 8). As a moderate democrat already in 355/4 and 353/2 fought by  Demosthenes (or. 22 bzw. 24), he was finally banned to Megara in 343/2 (T 14). There arose his Atthis, which in eight books reaches back to the myt…

[German version] Two series of papyrus fragments, both 2nd cent. AD.: P Oxy. 842 = PLond., year of discovery 1906, ed. by Grenfell and Hunt (who called the anonymous author P. = Papyrus) and PSI 1304 = PFlor., year of discovery 1942, belonging to one and the same work of history from the first half of the 4th cent. BC and comprising a total of c. 20 pages of Greek history (with gaps!). There is also possibly another new fragment, cf. [1]. Contents: events in the Ionian-Decelean war ( Decelea), particularly the naval battle of Notium in 407/6 (= PFlor.). Political atmosphere…

[German version] (Ἀδρανόδωρος; Adranódōros). Son-in-law of Hieron II of Syracuse. In 215 BC (with others) made guardian of Hieronymus, the 15-year-old grandson and successor of Hieron II, he was responsible for the radical turning of Syracusian politics to the Carthaginians. After the death of Hieronymus in 214, he secured Ortygia and received the office of   strategos . His plan to attain leadership of Syracuse, which was supported by his wife Demarete, led in the same year to his murder in the city hall of Syracuse (Pol. 7,2,1; 5,4 f.; Liv. 24,4,3 f.). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliogra…

[German version] (Διευχίδας; Dieuchídas). Son of Praxion of Megara, 4th cent. BC. Author of the Megariká in at least five vols. with broad treatment of the early period. The terminal date is uncertain, as is the chronological relationship with  Ephorus. In accounts of the temple of Delphi, a D. appears in the college of the naopoioí (‘temple builders’) in 338-329 (Syll.3 241 C 141; 250 I 21). He is usually identified with this D. contrary to [1. 13ff.]. Only 11 fragments preserved. FGrH 485 (with commentary). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography 1 L. Piccirilli, Megarika, 1975.

[German version] (Ἀριστομάχη; Aristomáchē). Older sister of Dion, after 397 BC a spouse of  Dionysius I (Diod. Sic. 14,44,8). Arete, a daughter from this marriage, later married Dionysius. After his assassination in 354, A. and Arete were imprisoned. They were freed in the following year, but died on the sea voyage to the Peloponnese (Plut. Dion 57 f.). Meister, Klaus (Berlin)

[English version] (Ἕλωρις). Syrakusier, enger Vertrauter, vielleicht sogar Adoptivvater des älteren Dionysios [1] (Diod. 14,8,5). Während eines Aufstandes der Syrakusier gegen den Tyrannen 404/3 v.Chr. tat er nach Diodor (a.O.) den bis in die Spätantike zitierten Ausspruch: ‘Ein schönes Leichentuch ist die Tyrannis’ ( kalón entáphión estin hē tyrannís). Später aus unbekannten Gründen verbannt, kämpfte er 394 in Rhegion gegen Dionysios, belagerte 393 vergeblich Messana und verteidigte 392 Rhegion erfolgreich gegen den Tyrannen (Diod. 14,87,1f.…

[English version] (Φιλίστις, bei Hesychios s.v. Φιλιστίδ(ε)ιον). Seit ca. 270 v.Chr. Gemahlin Hierons [2] II. von Syrakus. Wie ihr - von Philistos abgeleiteter - Name und der ihres Vaters Leptines [5] bezeugen, gehört Ph. zu den Nachfahren der Familie des älteren Dionysios [1]. Sie erscheint nicht in lit. Quellen [1], aber auf einem epigraphischen Dokument (Syll.3 429) und mehreren nach 241 geprägten Silber-Mz. mit ihrem Bild auf der Vs. und ihrem Namen, dem Königstitel und einem Zwei- bzw. Viergespann auf der Rs. [2]. Die Mz. stehen in ptolem. …

[English version] (Πασίφιλος). Feldherr des Agathokles [2], für den er 312/1 v.Chr. Messana gewann (Diod. 19,102,1-3). Als Deinokrates [1] und Philonides an der Spitze der Verbannten Galeria besetzten, eroberte P. das Kastell zurück (Diod. 19,104,1-2). Nach dem E. des afrikan. Feldzuges lief er 306/5 zu Deinokrates über (Diod. 20,77,1-2), wurde aber bereits ein Jahr später in Gela ermordet (Diod. 20,90,2). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography K. Meister, Agathokles, in: CAH 7,1, 1984, 384-405.

(Ἀρχωνίδης). [English version] [1] König von Herbita auf Sizilien (2.H. 5. Jh. v. Chr.) König von Herbita und anderer sizilischer Gemeinden. Beteiligte sich an der Gründung von Kale Akte durch Duketios ca. 446/5 v. Chr. (Diod. 12,8,2) und starb ca. 414 als Freund der Athener (Thuk. 7,1,4). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [English version] [2] König von Herbita (Ende 5. Jh. v. Chr.) König von Herbita und Freund der Athener (IG II2 32). Schloß 403/2 Frieden mit Dionysios I. und gründete die Stadt Halaisa Archonideios (Diod. 14,16). Meister, Klaus (Berlin)

[English version] (Δεινίας). Aus Argos, lebte im 3. Jh.v.Chr.; er war Verf. von Argoliká in mindestens neun Büchern. Sie reichten von der breit behandelten mythischen Zeit bis zur Schlacht von Kleonai (ca. 235), in der Aratos [2] den Tyrannen Aristippos von Argos besiegte (FGrH 306 F 5). Seine Identität mit D., der 251/50 den Tyrannen Abantidas von Sikyon ermordete (T 1), ist nicht gesichert. FGrH 306 (mit Komm.). Meister, Klaus (Berlin)

[English version] (Νηρηίς). Tochter des Molosserkönigs Pyrrhos II. 233/2 v.Chr. von Hieron [2] II. aus dynastischen Gründen mit seinem Sohn Gelon [2] verheiratet, gebar sie drei Söhne, darunter Hieronymos [3], und eine Tochter. Der Name der Königin findet sich inschr. im Theater von Syrakus (Syll.3 429). Ferner ließ N. Standbilder ihrer Familie in Delphoi und Olympia aufstellen (Syll.3 453; Pol. 7,4,5; Liv. 24,6,8; Paus. 6,12,3). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography 1 J. Seibert, Histor. Beitr. zu den dynastischen Verbindungen in hell. Zeit, 1967, 110f. 2 G. de Sensi Sestito, G…