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(Κεφαλίων; Kephalíōn). [German version] [1] Slave of Cicero Slave of Cicero, who, as letter messenger, attended to the correspondence with Atticus in 49 BC and with Q. Cicero in 47 (Cic. Att. 7,25; 9,19,4; 10,1,2; 2,1; 15,1; 11,12,1; 16,4). Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) [German version] [2] Hadrianic historian and orator Pseudonymous (?) Hadrianic historian and orator, whose vita in the Suda s.v. is confused with that of Cephalon; author of a work Moúsai or Pantodapaì Historíai (‘Muses or ‘Medley stories, 9 bks) in the Ionian dialect, which encompassed the period from  Ni…

(Κεφαλίων). [English version] [1] Sklave Ciceros Sklave Ciceros, der 49 v.Chr. den Briefwechsel mit Atticus und 47 den mit Q. Cicero als Briefbote besorgte (Cic. Att. 7,25; 9,19,4; 10,1,2; 2,1; 15,1; 11,12,1; 16,4). Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) [English version] [2] hadrianischer Historiker und Rhetor Pseudonymer (?) hadrianischer Historiker und Rhetor, dessen Vita in Suda s.v. mit der des Kephalon verwechselt ist; Verf. eines Werks Músai bzw. Pantodapaí Historíai (‘Musen bzw. ‘Allerlei Geschichten, 9 B.) in ion. Dialekt, das die Zeit von Ninos und Semiramis bis …

Nomen gentile of an Etruscan family (or Perpenna on inscriptions ); the family must have received citizenship early: its rise to political power began with P. [2]. P. [3] was the first person with a non-Roman name to become consul, although he lost his citizenship in 126 BC. [German version] [1] P., C. Praetor no later than 91 BC, legate of consul P. Rutilius Lupus in 90 Probably brother of P. [4], praetor no later than 91 BC, was defeated in 90 as legate of consul P. Rutilius Lupus in the Civil War [3] (App. B Civ. 1,179; 183). MRR 2, 20; 29. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] P., M. L…

(Καλλισθένης; Kallisthénēs). [German version] [1] Of Olynthus, Alexander historian, related to Aristotle Callisthenes of  Olynthus,  Alexander historian, son of a female cousin of  Aristotle [6], who raised him (Plut. Alexander 55,8) and whom he accompanied to  Assos, Macedonia and then perhaps to Athens. After the death of  Hermias [1] he wrote in praise of him (quoted by Didymus, In Demosthenem 5-6). Together with Aristotle he composed a list of Pythionikai ( Pythia) and agonothetai ( Agonothetes) of the Pythian Games for which the two were honoured in Delphi (Syll.3 275). The…

(Καλλισθένης). [English version] [1] von Olynthos, Alexanderhistoriker, mit Aristoteles verwandt K. von Olynthos, Alexanderhistoriker, Sohn einer Kusine von Aristoteles [6], bei dem er aufwuchs (Plut. Alexander 55,8) und den er nach Assos, nach Makedonien und vielleicht dann nach Athen begleitete. Nach dem Tod des Hermias [1] verfaßte er eine Lobschrift auf diesen (Zitat bei Didymos, In Demosthenem 5-6). Gemeinsam mit Aristoteles stellte er eine Liste der Pythionikai (Pythia) und Agonothetai (Agonothetes)…

Etr. Gentilname (inschr. Form auch Perpenna); die Familie muß schon früh röm. Bürgerrecht erh. haben: mit P. [2] beginnt ihr polit. Aufstieg, P. [3] ist der erste Träger eines nichtröm. Namens, der Consul wurde, auch wenn man ihm 126 v.Chr. das Bürgerrecht wieder aberkannte. [English version] [1] P., C. Praetor spätestens 91 v. Chr., 90 Legat des Consuls P. Rutilius Lupus Verm. Bruder von P. [4], Praetor spätestens 91 v.Chr., wurde 90 als Legat des Consuls P. Rutilius Lupus im Bundesgenossenkrieg [3] geschlagen (App. civ. 1,179; 183). MRR 2, 20; 29. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

Name of a plebeian lineage, originally probably not from the city of Rome, which was raised to the nobility in the 3rd cent. BC with the brothers L. [1] and [5] (Families: Catuli and Cercones). The gens was very wealthy (Suet. Gram. 3) and owned a family grave on the right bank of the Tiber (Oros. 5,21,7; Val. Max. 9,2,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] L. Catulus, C. Consul 242 BC Elder brother of L. [5]. Was the first in his family to attain the consulate in 242 BC. Since his patrician colleague, the flamen dialis A. Postumius Albinus, was forbidden by the pontifex maximus L. C…

Old Latin family name, whose origin is unexplained; in inscriptions also Hostillius and Hostilus [1. 30; 175]. The great age of the name is shown by the third Roman king Tullus H. [4] and names such as Curia Hostilia, Lares Hostilii and the goddess Hostilina. In historical times, the family was Plebeian and, from the 2nd cent. BC, politically active, particularly in the Tubuli and Mancini branches; it died out at the end of the 1st cent. BC. [German version] [1] H. Praetor and people's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC Praetor or people's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC (?), had a lex Hostilia passed, w…

Name eines plebeischen, urspr. wohl nicht stadtröm. Geschlechtes, das im 3. Jh.v.Chr. mit den Brüdern L. [1] und [5] in die Nobilität aufgenommen wurde (Familien: Catuli und Cercones). Die gens war sehr begütert (Suet. gramm. 3) und besaß ihr Familiengrab auf dem rechten Tiberufer (Oros. 5,21,7; Val. Max. 9,2,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] L. Catulus, C. Consul 242 v. Chr. Älterer Bruder von L. [5]. Erreichte 242 v.Chr. als erster in seiner Familie das Konsulat. Da seinem patrizischen Kollegen, dem flamen dialis A. Postumius Albinus, der pontifex maximus L. …

Alter lat. Familienname, dessen Herkunft ungeklärt ist, inschr. auch Hostillius und Hostilus [1. 30; 175]. Das hohe Alter des Namens bezeugen der dritte röm. König Tullus H. [4] und Bezeichnungen wie Curia Hostilia, Lares Hostilii und die Göttin Hostilina. In histor. Zeit ist die Familie plebeisch und seit dem 2. Jh. v.Chr. besonders in den Zweigen der Tubuli und Mancini polit. aktiv; am Ende des 1. Jh. v.Chr. erloschen. [English version] [1] H. Praetor oder Volkstribun im 2. Jh. v. Chr. Praetor oder Volkstribun im 2. Jh. v.Chr. (?), brachte eine lex Hostilia durch, die die Vertret…

Name of a Roman gens. The patrician bearers of the name from the 5th and 4th cents. BC that have come down to us are of disputed historicity, in any case the early family history has been embellished in the late Republic.  It is these Minucii that later membesrs (from the 3rd century BC) trace themselves back to. A prominent cognomen is Augurinus (M. [I 1-3] and [I 5 and 6]), deriving from the first plebeian augur M. [I 7], applied only subsequently to the early Republican members. The political zen…

Name of a Roman plebeian family of little political significance except for L. M. [I 3], the destroyer of Corinth. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Author of Atellan farces, propably Augustan According to Pomponius Bononiensis and Novius [I 1], who presumably lived about 90 BC, M. revived the atellan farces, which had laid dormant for some time (Macrob. Sat. 1,10,3). His Old Latin metre (use of iambic shortening) and language (abl. testu) suggest that he probably did not write later than the Augustan period, during which other …

(also frequently Popilius). Name of a Plebeian gens attested from the 4th cent. BC. The family maintained a joint funeral cult (Cic. Leg. 2,55). Its most famous branch was the Laenates (with regard to the cognomen Laenas); insignificant from the early Imperial period onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] P. Laenas Augur, in 44 BC adviser of the murderers of Caesar Augur (Cic. Att. 12,13,2), in 44 BC was the adviser of the murderers of Caesar and may perhaps have been tempted to betray them to the dictator (App. B Civ. 2,484; 487). Fündling, Jörg (B…

Roman nomen gentile, possibly connected to the Etruscan pupu. The family is otherwise politically insignificant; the adoptive father of the consul for 61 BC, P. [I 3], is unknown. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] In Horace, the author of tragedies, 1st cent. BC The only source for the author P. is Horatius (Epist. 1,1,67). According to this, P. was probably an author of tragedies. He lived in the 1st cent. BC. The scope and precise content of his poetry is unknown. Günther, Matthias (Bielefeld) Bibliography Bardon, vol. 2, 47  Courtney, 307. …

Roman patrician gentilic name (from the praenomen Postumus ), found in the highest offices from the 5th cent. BC on and politically significant until the 2nd cent. BC. As dictator in 499 or 496 BC, an A. P. is supposed to have decided the battle at Lacus Regillus (Liv. 2,19-20). The Albi or Albini (Regillenses), who withdrew from politics with P. [I 9]'s military failure in the Jugurthine War at the end of the 2nd cent. BC, are his descendants. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., C. Etruscan haruspex, even consulted by Sulla Etruscan haruspex ( haruspices …

Roman gens name, probably taken from the forename Manius, which in mss is frequently confused with Mallius, Manilius, Manlius. The family was significant in the 2nd cent. BC through M. [I 3] and [I 4]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. (or Manlius?), L. Writer, senator AD 97, [I 1] M. (or Manlius?), L. Senator in 97 BC, wrote about the Phoenix (as first in Lat.: Plin. HN 10,4f.), about natural wonders and sacred law. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography Schanz/Hosius 1, 605f. [German version] [I 2] M., C. People's tribune in 66 AD People's tribune in …

Family name of Oscan origin. [I 184]. The family was prominent in Capua (M. [I 3], cf. Cic. Pis. 24) and M.'s [I 5] sons were the first to be admitted to the Senate in the 1st cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Grandfather of the poet Vergilius on his mother's side Grandfather of the poet Vergilius on his mother's side; was allegedly an official messenger ( viator ; Donat. Vita Vergilii 1). Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Cologne) [German version] [I 2] M., Cn. Governor of Numidia AD 256-258. From Larinum in Samnium, died about 88 BC; heir of his (half…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, perhaps of Etruscan origin [1. 185; 187]. The most important bearer of the name is M. [I 3]; the family is politically unimportant in the 1st cent. BC. Lex Maenia is the title of a Menippean satire of Varro (Varro Men. 153-155). The law concerned the power of the paternal head of the house; content and dating are contested [3. 1085 - 1121]. A further lex Maenia probably passed before 290 BC directed that the ‘agreement of the Senate’ ( auctoritas patrum) for elections be obtained before proclaiming the election results (Cic. Brut. 55). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Boch…

Gentilname einer röm. patrizischen Familie (vom Vornamen Postumus ), seit dem 5 Jh. v. Chr. in den höchsten Ämtern und bis ins 2. Jh. v. Chr. polit. bedeutend. Ein A. P. soll als dictator 499 oder 496 v. Chr. die Schlacht am Lacus Regillus entschieden haben (Liv. 2,19-20). Von ihm leiteten sich die Albi bzw. Albini (Regillenses) ab, die mit dem mil. Versagen von P. [I 9] im Iugurthinischen Krieg am E. des 2. Jh. v. Chr. aus der Politik ausschieden. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P., C. Etr. Eingeweideschauer, auch von Sulla aufgesucht Etr. Eingeweideschauer ( haruspex; har…

Familienname oskischer Herkunft [1. 184]. Die Familie war prominent in Capua (M. [I 3], vgl. Cic. Pis. 24) und gelangte im 1. Jh.v.Chr. mit den Söhnen von M. [I 5] in den Senat. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Großvater mütterlicherseits des Dichters Vergilius Großvater mütterlicherseits des Dichters Vergilius; war angeblich Amtsbote ( viator ; Don. vita Vergilii 1). Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Köln) [English version] [I 2] M., Cn. Gest. ca 88 v.Chr. Aus Larinum in Samnium, gest. ca. 88 v.Chr.; Erbe seines (Halb-?)Bruders N. Aur…