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(Χαλάστρα; Chalástra). [German version] [1] City at the mouth of the Axius City at the mouth of the Axius (Str. 7 fr. 20; 23; cf. Hdt. 7,123), identified by Hecataeus as belonging to Thrace (Steph. Byz. s.v.). The population was recruited for the foundation of Thessalonica (Str. 7 fr. 21). Not located. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine, 1988, 199. [German version] [2] Lake Natron-bearing lake, probably near the town of the same name (Steph. Byz. s.v.; Plin. HN 31,107; Suda s.v.). Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn)

[German version] (Καμβούνια; Kamboúnia). Mountainous region in northern Greece west of Mt. Olympus, which separated the Macedonian region of  Elimea from the tripolis of the Perrhaebi, and forms the southern watershed of the  Haliacmon. The easiest way to cross the C. was via the pass of Volustana (918 m) (cf. Liv. 42,53,6; 44,2,10). Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography B. Saria, s.v. Volustana, RE 9A, 906.

(Βέροια; Béroia). [German version] [1] In Macedonia This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Education / Culture In Macedonia. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) [German version] A. Hellenistic and Roman periods City in Macedonian  Bottice, east of the Bermium; now Verria. First mentioned in the 5th cent. BC (Thuc. 1,61,4), B. had its development, like many Macedonian cities, principally in the Hellenistic period; the Antigonids seem to have particularly favoured…

[German version] (Λυδίας; Lydías). Navigable river in Macedon (supplied by the nowadays dried Lake Loudias), which connected Pella with the sea (Str. 7, fr. 20; 22). Mentioned already by Hecat. FGrH 1 F 147 and Scyl. 66. The mouth appears to have shifted to the north in antiquity, since Hdt. 7,127 reports a common mouth of the L. and the Haliacmon. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine, 1988, 101f., 125 map 2.

[German version] (Δόβηρος; Dóbēros). City in Paeonia, probably in the valley of the Strymon. Place of assembly for Sitalces' assault on the Macedonian kingdom in 432 BC (Thuc. 2,98,2). Absorbed into Macedon (possibly under Philip II), D. became a civitas of the Roman province of Macedonia (Plin. HN 4,35). Pillaged by the Goths in AD 267 (Zos. 1,43); diocese (Council of Chalcedon). Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine, 1988, 328f.

[German version] I. Persons (Δίων; Díōn) Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [I 1] Close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy Son of Hipparinus, brother-in-law and son-in-law of Dionysius I of Syracuse, b. 409 BC, close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy since Plato's first visit to Syracuse in 388. He gained prestige and wealth as Dionysius' I' trusted friend and advisor and also remained an influential person under Dionysius II. In 366, he arbitrated the peace with Carthage and called Pl…

[German version] (Ξυλόπολις; Xylopolis). Settlement at Mygdonia [1] in Macedonia (Plin. HN. 4,35; Ptol. 3,13,36), not located. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn)

[German version] (Πρασιὰς λίμνη; Prasiàs límnē). Lake in the Strymon valley (modern Limni Kerkinis in Greece). The Paeones lived there in palafittes as Hdt. 5,15 f. describes them. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography N. G. L. Hammond, A History of Macedonia, vol. 1, 1972, 193 f.  Müller, 89 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | Diadochi and Epigoni | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Punic Wars (Πύδνα; Pýdna). Greek seaport on the coast of Pieria in Macedonia to the north of Cape Atherida (Macedonia, with maps). As early as the 5th cent. BC, P. was considered to belong to Macedonia (Thuc. 1,137,2: “ἐς Πύδναν τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου”, referring to king Alexander [II 2] of Macedonia). In 432 BC, P. was besieged by the Athenians (Thuc. 1,61,2 f.); in 410, it was final…

(Θεσσαλονίκη/ Thessaloníkē). [German version] [1] City in Thessalia This item can be found on the following maps: Thraci, Thracia | Caesar | Christianity | | Coloniae | Diadochi and Epigoni | Commerce | Hellenistic states | Limes | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Pilgrimage | Pompeius | Punic Wars | Rome | Rome (Latin Thessalonica, -nice; today also T.) Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) [German version] I. Location, Classical Period City on the Thermaic Gulf (Thermaios Kolpos) with a favourable natural harbour and best connections with the hin…

[I] (Ἄξιος; Áxios). Largest river in  Macedonia, today Vardar; rises in Sar Planina and flows into the Aegean to the west of Thessalonica. Barely navigable owing to its gorges, the A. valley does, however, form the main overland route between the Aegean and the region around the Danube, a route which has been in use from the time of antiquity and is still used today. The A. flowed through the settlement territories of the Dardani, the Paeones and the Macedones (Amphaxitis). [II] Plebeian gentile name, mentioned in records since the 3rd cent. BC and possibly connected with th…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Christianity | | Coloniae | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Balkans, languages (Στόβοι/ Stóboi). City in Paeonia (Paeones, Paeonia) with an Illyrian/Thracian/Macedonian population, on the route through the valley of the Axios from Thessalonica to the Ister [1] (Danube), at the mouth of the Erigonus (Str. 8,8,5). Macedonian probably since Antigonus [3], who re-established S. as Antigoneia (Plin. HN 4,34). After the Roman peace of 168 BC the city belonged to the 2nd merís ('region') of Macedonia, …

[German version] (Λύγκος; Lýnkos). Upper Macedonian region north of Eordaea and Orestis whose inhabitants were called Lynkēstaí. In the 5th cent. BC, L. was not yet integrated by the Macedonian Argead kings into their region of power (Thuc. 2,99,2; 4,83,1), which probably did not occur until under Philip II, who possibly founded the important city of Heraclea [2]. The via Egnatia passed through L. [1. 14-22]. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography 1 L. Gounaropoulou, M. B. Hatzopoulos, Les milliaires de la voie egnatienne... , 1985. F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Mac…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars (Θέρμη; Thérmē). City on the Thermaios Kolpos, which was named after T., near Thessalonica [1], which was founded in Hellenistic times; its location is disputed. Being a Macedonian city as early as the 6th cent. BC, T. became a rallying point for the Persian fleet in 480 BC (Persian Wars [1]; Hdt. 7,121). In 432 BC, T. was conquered by the Athenians (Thuc. 1,61,2) but was returned to the Macedonian king Perdiccas […

[German version] (Βυλάζωρα, Βυλάζωρ, -ωρος; Bylázōra, Bylázōr, - ōros). Largest town in  Paeonia (Pol. 5,97), seized by Philippus V as a bulwark against the  Dardani (cf. Liv. 44,26,8 for 168 BC). Generally localized in the Axius valley near Veles, but so far finds have been insufficient to allow a definite identification. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine, 1988, 308.

(Μεθώνη/ Methṓnē, Μοθώνη/ Mothṓnē). [German version] [1] City on the west coast of Messana [2] This item can be found on the following maps: Sparta | Achaeans, Achaea | Macedonia, Macedones A city on the west coast of Messana [2]. Its indigenous name was Mothṓnē (Μοθώνη on coins), after the reef called Móthōn which rose in front of it; hence the medieval and modern name Modon, Mothoni, Methoni (Μεθώνη in Thuc. 2,25,1ff. and Strab. 8,4,3). There are few ancient remains: isolated bases of city walls under the Venetian fortress and the breakwater wa…

[German version] (Ἀλμωπία; Almōpía). Fertile landscape in  Macedonia on the upper Ludias (today Moglenitsa), occupied early on by the Argeads (Thuc. 2,99,5). None of the cities Horma, Europus or Apsalus named in Ptol. 2,13,24 have been located. Under Roman rulership, there apparently was a civitas A. (Hierocles, Synekdemos 638,10). Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine, 1988, 169-173.

(Ἀπολλωνία; Apollōnía). [German version] [1] City in southern  Illyricum This item can be found on the following maps: | Colonization | Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars | Punic Wars | Delian League City in southern  Illyricum, in antiquity on the north bank of the Aous, c. 6 km from the sea, near modern Pojani (Albania). Founded by Corinthians at the beginning of the 6th cent. BC, with the participation of Corcyra (mythical oikist Gylax). Hdt. 9,93-95, Paus. 5,22,3 f. and inscriptions attest to the wealth of A. during the 5th cent. BC; …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Ἀκρόθῳον, Ἀκρόθῳοι; Akróthōion, Akróthōioi). Small town on the  Athos peninsula, south-east of the Xerxes canal (Hdt. 7,22,1; near the modern Magistis Lavras?). Apart from a local dialect, Greek was also spoken there (Thuc. 4,109,3). In the 1st cent. AD (Plin. HN 4,37), the town no longer existed. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 150 f.

(Ἡράκλειον; Hērákleion). [German version] [1] Town on Crete's northern coast Town on Crete's northern coast, modern Iraklion. In a legal support agreement with Miletus (259/250 BC) H. appears as a sovereign town allied with  Knossos (Stv III 482 I) [1]. H. was in the 1st cent. BC, probably in succession to Amnisus, the port town of Knossos (Str. 10,4,7f.) and probably subject to it (cf. Str. 10,5,1). Based on Plin. HN 4,59, it was presumed that H. also bore the name Mation [2]. However, the consensus is that Pliny misunderstood his Greek source (πολισμάτιον Ἡ.; polismátion H., ‘the little…