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[German version] (Κύνθος; Kýnthos, Latin Cynthus). Name of a mountain 113 m high on  Delos with a sanctuary to Zeus (Cynthius) and Athena (Cynthia). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography G. Gruben, Die Tempel der Griechen, 41986, 146f.

[German version] (Κάνηθος; Kánēthos). Hill on the mainland, which at the time of Alexander the Great was integrated into the fortifications of the town of Chalcis, modern Kara Baba; the site had previously served as a necropolis. Documentary evidence: Str. 9,2,8; 10,1,8; Theophr. Hist. pl. 8,8,5; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1,77. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 1, 409, 602.

[German version] (Μαρμάριον/ Marmárion). Harbour on the SW coast of Euboea, which probably had the purpose of handling the marble from the quarries of Carystus [1]; today's Marmara where, near the chapel of St. Nikolaos, the building elements of a sanctuary of Apollo Marmarios are located. References: Str. 10,1,6; Steph. Byz. s.v. M.; Nonn. Dion. 13,164; Eust. Ilia 281,4. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Topographie und Geschichte der Insel Euboia, 1, 1903, 106.

(Εὔβοια; Eúboia). [1] Greek island [German version] I. Location The largest Greek island other than Crete extends parallel to the eastern coast of central Greece (Locris, Boeotia and Attica). E. is about 160 km long, about 5.5 to 50 km wide and has an area of 3,580 km2. It is separated by a strait from the mainland which narrows at its centre to a 40-m wide channel, the  Euripus [1]. Since the 5th cent. BC several bridges linked E. at this point to the mainland. Because of its steep cliffs the east coast is almost inaccessible with Cyme a…

[German version] (Χρύσα, Χρύση; Chrýsa, Chrýsē). Name of various islands and towns, among them a) an island near Lemnos, which sank in the time of Pausanias (8,33,4); b) in the time of Strabo a deserted port in the plain of Thebes on the Gulf of Adramyttium in southern Aeolis (ἡ Κιλίκιος Χ., Str. 13,1,48; 63), one of the residences of the Apollo priest Chryses (Hom. Il. 1,37); c) in the time of Strabo (13,1,47f.), a village located on a cliff above the sea near the Lecton promontory (Baba burnu?) with a temple of Apollo Smintheus, generally located on Göz Tepe.

[German version] (Ἁλόννησος; Halónnēsos). This island in the north Aegean (Str. 9,5,16; Mela 2,106; Harpocr. s.v.), modern Hag. Eustratios, Hagistrati or Strati, was the object of a conflict between Philip II and Athens: Demosth. 7 hypoth.; 7,2; 12,12; 18,69; Aesch. 3,83; Plut. Demosthenes 9,5; Dion. Hal. Demosthenes 9; 13; Ath. 6,223d-224b. The island, which belonged to Athens, was occupied by pirates; Philip II drove them out, but did not return the island to the Athenians. Traces of ancient settlement. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography L. Bürchner, H. (2), in: RE…

(Μάρπησσα; Márpēssa, ‘the robbed one’). [German version] [1] Daughter of the Aetolian river god Evenus Daughter of the Aetolian river god Evenus [3]. She is kidnapped by Idas, who escapes the persecuting Evenus with the help of his father Poseidon. M.'s father plunges into the river, which is named after him. M. is then taken from Idas by Apollo, and a fight ensues between him and the god, during the course of which Idas disarms the god of his bow (Hom. Il. 9,555ff.). Zeus settles the dispute by leaving the ch…

[German version] I. Persons (Δίων; Díōn) Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [I 1] Close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy Son of Hipparinus, brother-in-law and son-in-law of Dionysius I of Syracuse, b. 409 BC, close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy since Plato's first visit to Syracuse in 388. He gained prestige and wealth as Dionysius' I' trusted friend and advisor and also remained an influential person under Dionysius II. In 366, he arbitrated the peace with Carthage and called Pl…

[German version] [1] Cyclades island (Μῆλος/ Mêlos, Doric Μᾶλος/ Mâlos; Latin Melos, modern Milos). Name of the westernmost of the Cyclades islands, the fifth largest at 161 km2. Included in the archipelago of M. are Kimolos off the northeastern point, Polaegus (modern Polivo) to the east, and Erimomilos to the west of M., plus a number of very small islands and rocks. M. is the caldera of a Pliocene volcano; its relics are still present today in the sulphurous thermal springs in the northeast and southeast. The sea has access to the caldera of the crater …

[German version] (Ἰκός; Ikós). Island, 62 km2 in size, in the northern Sporades, modern Hallonesos (also Chelidromia or Chilidromia); member of the  Delian League with a tribute of 1,500 drachmae, likewise of the  Athenian League. After the conclusion of peace between the Athenians and Philippus II in 338, the island came under Macedonian suzerainty; in Athenian possession from 42 BC to the late Roman Imperial period. After the fall of Constantinople, I. was under Venetian influence; after 1537 under…

[German version] (Ἄβαντες; Ábantes). A. is the name given even by Homer (Il. 2,536 ff.; 4,464) to the inhabitants of the island of  Euboea, also known as Abantis (Str. 10,1,3; Paus. 5,22,3). In historical times, the name A. only survives in the phyle Abantis of the town of  Chalcis (CIL XII 9,946). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography E. Meyer, s. v. A., in: LdA 1,61.

[German version] (Λέρος; Léros). Island of the Dodecanese, off the coast of Asia Minor, between Patmos and Kalymnos, 53,5 km2 in extent. Its coast has several bays and coastal plains that extend deep into the interior of the island. According to Str. 10,5,19, L. and its neighbour Calymna were included in the Kalýdnai nḗsoi (Hom. Il. 2,677). The island, which has kept its ancient name until today, was already settled in the early Bronze Age (potsherds near Parthenium). There is a Mycenaean fortress in the north on the Kastro above the bay of Alinda…

[German version] (Λάδη; Ládē). Island originally off the coast of Miletus, length 3 km, height up to 98 m, today only a hilly ridge about 2 km from the coast because of the alluvial deposits of the Maeander. L. became known through the defeat of the Greeks in the Ionian Rebellion 496 BC: Hdt. 6,7ff.; Thuc. 8,17,3; Arr. Anab. 1,18,4ff.; Str. 14,1,7; Paus. 1,35,6. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Meyer, Ernst (Zürich) Bibliography L. Bürchner, s.v. L., RE 12, 381.

(Κυνόσουρα; Kynósoura, ‘dog's tail’). Name of several headlands. [German version] [1] Promontory on the east coast of the island of Salamis Promontory on the east coast of the island of Salamis, 4 km long and narrow (Hdt. 8,76,1; 77,1). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten 1, 870. [German version] [2] Narrow headland in the north-east of the bay of Marathon Narrow headland in the north-east of the bay of Marathon, where the Persian fleet landed in 490 BC (Paus. 1,32,3; 7), modern Cape Stomi. On C. there are walls of unknown d…

[German version] (Ὠλίαρος; Ōlíaros). Largest (38 km2) of the islands grouped around Paros, modern Antiparos (Str. 10,5,3; Mela 2,111). The Saliangos reef was the site of the earliest known late Neolithic settlement in the Cyclades. Early Cycladic graves have come to light on the neighbouring island of Diplo. The stalactite caves on O. were much frequented in ancient times already. In other respects the history of O. is closely connected with Paros. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography H. Kaletsch, s.v. Antiparos, in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 121.

This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War | Pergamum | Persian Wars | Athenian League (Second) | Aegean Koine (Λῆμνος; Lêmnos). [German version] A. Location Fertile L., which is, however, today almost treeless, is - at 477 km2 - one of the larger Aegean islands. Mainly consisting of slate with volcanic rock deposited in it, the low hill country reaches its highest elevation with the Skopia at 470 m. The rugged coast has bays that cut in deeply. The ancient capital cities were Myrina on …

[German version] (Γαύρειον, Γαύριον; Gaúreion, Gaúrion). The name of a settlement with a deep harbour on the north-western side of the island of Andros in the Cyclades. In the Hellenistic period, G. served as a port and is mentioned in association with various events in wars: Xen. Hell. 1,4,22; Diod. Sic. 13,69,4f.; Liv. 31,45,3ff.; GGM 1,500. Inland at Hagios Petros are the remains of a Hellenistic round tower, probably used to protect the nearby mines. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography J. T. Bent, Aegean Islands, 21966, 291ff. Lauffer, Griechenland, 230 L. Ross, Reisen…

This item can be found on the following maps: Sparta | Grain Trade, Grain Import | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Punic Wars | Aegean Koine | Aegean Koine | Aegean Koine | Education / Culture (Κύθηρα; Kýthēra, Lat. Cythera, the modern Kithira). …

[German version] (Κάλλας; Kállas). River on the northern coast of Euboea [1] near Histiaea-Oreos, probably identical with the modern Xerias or Xeropotamos (Str. 10,1,4). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Top. und Gesch. der Insel Euboia 1, 1903, 9, 82 Philippson/Kirsten 1, 574f.

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