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Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Neumann, Hans (Berlin)" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Neumann, Hans (Berlin)" )' returned 31 results. Modify search
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Sargon
(888 words)
[German version] [1] of Akkad (Akkadian
Šarru[
m]-
kīn, 'the ruler is legitimate'). Founder (2340-2284 BC) of the so-called dynasty of Akkad in Mesopotamia. According to later Sumerian and Akkadian literary and historiographical tradition, S. was said to have been the son of a certain Lāipum and a priestess [1. 69; 2. 36-49] and to have begun his career as a cupbearer under King Ur-Zababa of Kiš [1; 2. 51-55]. S. established his own (to date unidentified) residence, Akkad, and created by his conquests …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Loan
(1,744 words)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient As a contractual service, in which the recipient of money or other negotiable items undertakes to return them and/or provide a service in recompence, lending is attested in Mesopotamia [4. 189-203] from the middle of the 3rd millennium BC [1. 141-145] into the Hellenistic period [2. 43-45; 3. 119]. As well as private individu…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Professional associations
(1,103 words)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient Certainly there is evidence of the emergence and activity of joint representatives of specific branches of the professions in the Ancient Orient, such as merchants, craftsmen and priests, but there is no proof of PA in the sense of voluntary federations for the protection and defence of political and economic interests [1. 79-82; 2. 161f.]. Neumann, Hans (Berlin)…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Letter
(2,221 words)
[German version] A. Types of letter In addition to the few texts on letter theory and letter writers ( Epistolography), the ancient genre of ‘letters’ comprises the following: 1. official letters (edicts) comparable to laws, 2. everyday official correspondence, 3. ‘open’ letters akin to oratory a) with one or several senders and multiple addressees (e.g. letters to the Christian community) or b) letters sent to a specific addressee that had a potentially broad public, and finally 4. letters of a priva…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Homicide
(422 words)
[German version] I. General In antiquity homicide is often not yet differentiated from other crimes of killing ( Killing, crimes of). In many ancient laws the special reprehensibility or danger of a behaviour that resulted in the death of another human bein…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Killing, crimes involving
(407 words)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient In judging crimes involving killing, no distinction was made in the ancient Middle East between homicide and manslaughter. Killing, inciting a killing, and having knowledge of a killing were all treated as capital offences and punishable with capital punishment ( Death penalty). In addition, the perpetrator's property and (enslaved) family members could, along with other forms of compensation, be handed over to the victim's family. As the collections of laws show, …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Nippur
(747 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Mesopotamia (Sumerian
Nibru; Akkadian
Nippur[
u]; Arabic
Nuffar). City in Babylonia
c. 140 km to the southeast of modern Baghdad, for which habitation in varying intensity can be demonstrated from the 6th millennium BC until about AD 800, to some extent even into the 14th cent. AD. …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Renting and hiring
(1,070 words)
[German version] I. General Renting and hiring today are contracts concerning transfer of the use of a property or an object in return for payment and hence an enduring relationship of continuing obligation. The objects of the contract can be physical, non-consumable objects as well as rights. Such contracts are equally s…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
International treaties
(2,514 words)
[German version] I. General International treaties (IT) are official and binding agree…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly