Search

Gens name of Oscan origin. During the Republican period there is evidence of individuals bearing this name in Campania (e.g. ILS 5347) and in the Greek areas (IG XII 9,845). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M., C. Tribune of the plebs 57 BC, called for Cicero's return from exile In 57 BC as people's tribune, M. called for Cicero's return from exile (initially without success: Cic. P. red. in sen. 21). Partisan of Pompey (Cic. Att. 4,1,7; 8,11D,2). 55 (plebeian?) aedile (organizer of the Floralia : Val. Max. 2,10,8). In 54 subsequently discovered…

[German version] [1] C. R. Castus Legate of the procos. of Asia, AD 126/7 Senator whose nomen gentile could also be Granius. Legate of the procos. of Asia in AD 126/7, PIR2 R 23. Perhaps identical with the cos. suff. Castus of the year 142 [1] whom fragment S of the Fasti Ostienses mentions [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, P. Weiß, Tusidius Campester, cos. suff. unter Antoninus Pius und die Fasti Ostienses zum J. 141/2, in: ZPE 134, 2001, 251-260. 2 FO2 52. [German version] [2] L. R. Optatus Senator, cons. suff. probably under Septimius Severus Senator; his career is known …

[German version] Tribunus militum in one of the Syrian legions. In AD 66, the governor C. Cestius [II 3] Gallus sent him to Jerusalem, in order to report on the unsettled situation there which was attributed to the behaviour of Gessius Florus (Jos. BI. 2,16,1-2). In the following year as praefectus alae he protected the town of Scythopolis (see Beisan) against the insurgent Jews PIR2 N 36. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of an Italic gens of Etruscan origin [1. 93; 228]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Senator in 63 BC, obtained evidence against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] Senator (from Etruria?) in 63 BC, who obtained evidence from Faesulae against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] (Sall. Catil. 30,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., L. Consul suffectus, 30 BC Probably a son of S. [I 1], possibly recorded as a senator in 39 BC (MRR 3,34). In 30 he became cos. suff. with Octavian (Augustus: InscrIt 13,1,510), possibly as a reward for his services against…

Name of an ancient Roman patrician lineage (on inscriptions also Fourios), derived from the praenomen Fusus and also occurring occasionally in the original form Fusius in the literary tradition; the family perhaps came from Tusculum (cf. the family grave of the Furii ILLRP 895-903). The numerous members of the gens from the early Republic in the 5th/4th cents. BC are scarcely tangible as historical persons, and their history is in part later annalistic invention. Most well known is the ‘Saviour of Rome’ after the catas…

[German version] [1] L. Paulina Wife of P. Memmius [II 4] Regulus, taken away from her husband by Caligula in 38 AD Probably the granddaughter of Lollius [II 1], cos. of 21 BC. Married to P. Memmius [II 4] Regulus, governor of Achaea, Macedonia and Moesia. Caligula took her away from her husband in AD 38 and married her shortly after the death of his sister Drusilla. He, however, disowned her again the following year and ordered that she was never again to have sexual relations with a man. In 48 the freedman Callistus sugg…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Poet and critic of Virgil, Augustean period Supposedly a poet (Porph. in Hor. Sat. 2,3,239) of the Augustean period, brother of Bavius, with whom he allegedly quarreled over a woman (Domitius Marsus fr. 1 M.). M was a critic of Virgil (Serv. Georg. 1,210), which made the poets of the circle around Maecenas count him among their opponents (Verg. Ecl. 3,90; Hor. Epod. 10; Domitius Marsus fr. 5 M.). Some notes may have been obtained from Suet. De poetis via the life of Domitius [III 2] Marsus. The possibility of guild banter can not be excluded. Schmidt, P…

[German version] Vestal. Sentenced by Caracalla for incest, she took her own life (Cass. Dio 77,16,1; 3; PIR2 C 400). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] M.H. Patrimonial procurator of Narbonensis under Tiberius Evidently the patrimonial procurator of Narbonensis under Tiberius (CIL VI 92 = 30690). Probably the father of H. [2]; originating from Puteoli. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, in: EOS 2, 128f. [German version] [2] M.H. Flaccus Son of H. [1]. Cos. suff. in 47 AD Son of H. [1]. Cos. suff. in the year AD 47 (AE 1988, 325; 1991, 474; [1]). In the summer of 68, already as senex, he replaced Verginius Rufus as legate of the army of Upper Germany. When the troops refused to take the…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Mother of the Gracchi Younger daughter of P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus and Aemilia Tertia, b. c. 190 BC; c. 176/5 she married Tiberius  Sempronius Gracchus. Of her 12 children only three survived early childhood: Tiberius, Gaius and Sempronia. C. is known as ‘Mother of the Gracchi’ (CIL VI 31610), with whose politics she was already associated in antiquity [1. 108-120; 127; 2. 48-89]. In a partly popular, partly elite tradition, the sources give an uneven picture of C.'s views and influence. She…

[German version] Roman emperor in AD 180-192. Son of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina II. He was born on 31 August 161 in a villa near Lanuvium. His twin brother T. Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus died at the age of four (PIR2 A 1512). His name was originally L. Aurelius Commodus. On 12 October 166 he and his brother both received the title of Caesar: L. Aurelius Commodus Caesar. He was thereby designated as the natural successor, and the ideological concept of  adoptive emperorship was avoided altogether. For the same purpose, he was admitted into all priestly colleges and designated as princeps iuven…

[German version] [1] [- - - ] L. Cos. Suff. between 149 and 160 AD Senator, whose funerary inscription has been preserved in CIL VI 1441 = XIV 2927 = VI Suppl. VIII Add. ad 1441. After commanding a legion and holding another office he became governor of Aquitania and consul suffectus under Antoninus Pius, between c. AD 149 and 160. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Alföldy, Konsulat, 193 PIR2 L 169. [German version] [2] Lucius (Valerius) L. Friend of Martial, from Bilbilis From Bilbilis, like his friend, the poet Martial; a friend of Licinius [II 25] Sura as well. He was a w…

[German version] [1] Clemens, M. Praefectus praetorio under Caligula A knight from Pisaurium, praef. praetorio under Caligula (Tac. Hist. 4.68.2; Suet. Tit. 4,2); one of the conspirators involved in the murder of Caligula in AD 41 (Ios. Ant. Iud. 19,37ff.; Suet. Cal. 56,1). Father-in-law of Titus [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Clemens, M. Cos. suff. 73, 83/84 AD Son of [1], related to the Flavians (Suet. Tit. 4.2; Tac. Hist. 4.68.2). Although he was a senator, Mucianus made him praef. praetorio in AD 70; cos. suff. in 73, consular governor of Tarraconensis (AE 194…

(Ἐπαφρόδιτος; Epaphróditos). [German version] [1] Freedman of Octavian Freedman of Octavian, who in the year 30 BC was supposed to keep Cleopatra from committing suicide, but was allegedly outwitted by the queen (Plut. Antonius 79,6; Cass. Dio 51,13,4f.). Kienast, Dietmar (Neu-Esting) Bibliography K. Kraft, KS 1, 1973, 38f. [German version] [2] Freedman of Nero Freedman of Nero, therefore Ti. Claudius Aug(usti) lib(ertus) E. by his full name. First accepted as an imperial freedman into the city of Rome's decuriae, i.a. apparitor Caesarum and viator tribunicius; later a libellis o…

Widespread plebeian gentilicium (ThlL 2,1482-87), which in ancient etymology is derived from Sabine and was derived via the older form Auselius from sol (sun) (Fest. p. 22; from this the modern derivation from the Sabine * ausel over Etruscan usil ‘Sun god’, cf. [1. 36; 2. 468]). The family attained noble status in the 1st Punic War with Aur. [3] and provides numerous consuls in the 2nd cent. BC from the branches of the Cottae, Orestae and Scauri. This, however, does not completely explain the building stages and assignment of various viae Aureliae in the 2nd cent. [3; 4]. The late R…

Italic personal name [1. 184, 359]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Nephew of C. Marius [I 1] Son of the sister of C. Marius [I 1], military tribune in the Cimbrian War in Gaul. When attempting to rape a young soldier, he was stabbed by the latter, but the perpetrator was acquitted by the military tribunal because he had been defending himself (Cic. Mil. 9 with Schol. Bobiensia 114 Stangl; Val. Max. 6,1,12; Plut. Marius 14,4-9). This acquittal was a popular theme in Roman rhetoric instruction (Cic. Inv. 2,124; Quint. Inst. 3,11,14 et passim). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imper…

[German version] [1] First spouse of M.  Antonius [I 9] Daughter of C. Antonius Hybrida, cousin and spouse of M.  Antonius [I 9], who divorced her in 47 BC under the pretext of adultery with P. Cornelius Dolabella (Cic. Phil. 2,99; Plut. Ant. 9,1-2). Stegmann, Helena (Bonn) [German version] [2] Daughter of A. [1] and of M.  Antonius [I 9], wife of Pythodorus of Tralleis Daughter of A. [1] and of M.  Antonius [I 9],  between 54 and 49 BC; already 44 engaged to the son of the triumvir Aemilius Lepidus, after the disintegration of this political union her f…

Italic nomen gentile. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A young friend of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato; in 46 BC he wanted to follow Cato into death, but allowed himself to be dissuaded by philosophical arguments (Plut. Cato Minor 65,10 f.; 66,6-8; 73,7). He then joined cause with M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, who, because of S.' attitude towards tyrannicide, did not dare let him in on the plot against Caesar. S. was killed in 42 as a scout at Philippi (Plut. Brutus 51,6). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., L. Roman equestrian and leading follower of Catilina (Cic. Cat. 3,6…

[German version] [1] Q. V. Equestrian, made procurator [1] of his stepson Claudius [II 24] Drusus by Augustus; later pro legato of Augustus in Germany; father of V. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography A. Balland, Fouilles de Xanthos, vol. 7, 1981, 81-98. [German version] [2] Q. V. Son of V. [1]. Senator; comes of Germanicus [2] in the East; carried out duties in Cappadocia, and was appointed its legate (Tac. Ann. 2,56,4). In the lawsuit against Calpurnius [II 16] Piso he was an insistent supporter of the theory that Ge…

[German version] Cos. suff. before 183, as he probably is identical to the curator aedium sacrarum in CIL VI 36874 (in 183 BC). If his proconsulate in Africa (Tert. Scap. 4,3) fell into the year 190/191 (ILAfr. 265 [1. 864ff.]), he was already suff. in about 175. After  Commodus' death, he as pontifex demanded the destruction of all his statues (SHA Comm. 20,3ff.). Executed by Septimius Severus (SHA Sev. 13,9; PIR2 C 735). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 C. Letta, in: Latomus 54, 1995.