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Politische Theologie
(1,288 words)
[English Version]
I. Fundamentaltheologisch Der Begriff polit. Theol. hat einen gesch. mehrdeutigen Gehalt und reflektiert das Verhältnis des Religionssystems einer Gesellschaft zu deren polit. System (s.a. Staat und Religion). Allerdings geschieht diese Reflexion mit der Absicht, das polit. Handeln der Christen zum vorrangigen Thema der Theol. zu machen. – Erstmals begegnet polit. Theol. als programmatischer Begriff in der Philos. der Stoa, wo zw. einer mythischen, physischen bzw. natürlichen und …
Political Theology
(1,431 words)
[German Version]
I. Fundamental Theology The term
political theology has had various meanings throughout its history, reflecting the relationship of a society’s religious system to its political system (see also state and religion). Of course this relationship is intended to make the political actions of Christians a primary theme of theology. Political theology as a programmatic concept first appeared in the philosophy of the Stoics, who distinguished between mythical, physical or natural, and political theologies. The individual theologies rep…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Recht
(6,145 words)
[English Version]
I. Zum Begriff und juristisch Eine allg. akzeptierte Definition des R. existiert nicht. Einigkeit besteht allenfalls darüber, daß das R. im Kern die staatl. institutionalisierte Ordnung menschlicher Beziehungen ist, wobei die Einhaltung der aus ihr fließenden (generellen) Regeln – Befolgung oder aber Sanktionierung von Verstößen – durch legitime physische Gewalt (Staat), jedenfalls aber durch einen durch Zuständigkeits- und Verfahrensnormen organisierten Sanktionsapparat garantiert i…
Strafe
(4,023 words)
[English Version]
I. Religionswissenschaftlich Alle Rel. teilen die Überzeugung, daß den Taten eines Menschen eine über seine gegenwärtige Lebenssituation hinaus wirkende Bedeutung zukommt. Über die Art und Weise jedoch, wie sich der gerechte Ausgleich zw. dem persönlichen Verhalten und dem gegenwärtigen oder künftigen Ergehen vollzieht, weichen die Ansichten – je nach dem gesch. und gesellschaftlichen Kontext der Rel. – beträchtlich voneinander ab. Religionswiss. empfiehlt es sich, zw. dem Glauben…
Punishment
(4,817 words)
[German Version]
I. Religious Studies All religions share the conviction that human actions hold a significance that reaches far beyond a person’s current life situation. On the precise manner in which an equitable balance between personal behavior and current or future life is achieved, however, there is considerable divergence of views – depending on the historical and social context of the respective religion. From the perspective of religious studies, it is advisable to differentiate between the…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Law and Jurisprudence
(7,535 words)
[German Version] I. Concept and Legal Definition – II. History of Religion – III. Ancient Near East and Old Testament – IV. Greco-Roman Antiquity – V. New Testament – VI. Dogmatics – VII. Ethics of Law – VIII. Sociology of Law
I. Concept and Legal Definition There is no generally accepted definition of law. At most, there is a consensus that law is basically to be understood as the politically institutionalized order of human relations. The observance of the (general) rules (i.e. compliance or sanctioning of transgressions) emanatin…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Church and State
(8,630 words)
[German Version] I. Church History – II. Law – III. Practical Theology – IV. Systematic Theology I. Church History
1. Early Church The Roman state (Roman Empire) tolerated philosophical atheism and a multitude of cults that flooded in from its conquered territories, but it refused to tolerate rejection of the cult of the official gods (
di publici populi Romani), on which the security of the state was believed to depend. Since Christians refused to participate in this cult, they inevitably came into conflict with the Roman state. Bot…
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Religion Past and Present
Heresy
(7,453 words)
[German Version] I. Philosophy and Religious Studies – II. Christianity – III. Practical Theology – IV. Church Law – V. Judaism – VI. Islam
I. Philosophy and Religious Studies The word “heresy” derives from Gk αἵρεσις/
haíresis (“act of choice,” “decision”). In the Hellenistic period, when a plurality of philosophical schools had developed, the word was used to express the need of budding philosophers to choose between these schools. Hence it came to be used to denote both a philosophical school and the school's teaching; in…
Source:
Religion Past and Present