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[German version] A Berber tribe in the Libyan interior centered on  Garama. References: Hdt. 4,174; 183,1-184,1; Str. 2,5,33; 17,3,19; 23; Liv. 29,33,9; Mela 1,23; 45; Plin. HN 5,26; 36; 38; 6,209; 8,142; 178; 13,111; Flor. Epit. 2,31; Ptol. 1,8,5-7; 9,9; 10,2; 4,6,16; Solin. 29,7; 30,2; Arnob. 6,5; Tab. Peut. 7,4; Amm. Marc. 22,15,2; Oros. 1,2,88; 90; Iulius Honorius, Cosmographia A 48; B 47; Chronicum Alexandrinum in: Chron. min. 1, p. 107,167; Isid. Orig. 9,2,128; Geogr. Rav. p. 36,22-40. The influence of the G., who perhaps included a sub-Saharan racial element, exten…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Limes City in Mauretania (III. B.) Caesariensis, about 24 km to the west of Auzia on the Limes (Limes VIII.C., with map), modern Sour Djouab (It. Ant. 30,7: Rapidi; 38,9: Rapido castra). In AD 122 Hadrianus founded a castrum at R. (CIL VIII suppl. 3, 20833). In 167 the veterani et pagani consistentes aput R. ('veterans and farmers at R.') built the walls of the city adjacent to the castrum  (CIL VIII suppl. 3, 20834 f.). After being destroyed more than once, R., then a municipium , was rebuilt by Diocletianus…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Limes Castellum at the limes Tripolitanus, east of the Chott el-Djerid, modern Sidi Mohammed ben Aïssa (near Bir Rhezen; it was occupied at the latest since Commodus (AD 180-192) (Inscr. latines d'Afrique 26), and, in AD 201, accommodated a vexillatio of the legio III Augusta (Inscr. latines d' Afrique 27). Epigraphical evidence: Inscr. latines d'Afrique 26-32; Inscr. latines de la Tunisie 56-59; It. Ant. 74,5; Not. Dign. occ. 31,5; 31,20. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography P. Trousset, s.v. B., EB, 1487f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae City in Africa Byzacena (Africa [3]); important road hub, 77 km to the north-northwest of Capsa, modern Medinet el-Kdima, with significant ancient remains. A municipium possibly from the time of Vespasianus, from the time of Traianus [1] a colonia. In 354 AD the dux of Africa Byzacena was resident there (Cod. Iust. 1,27,2,1; cf. It. Ant. 77,4; Tab. Peut. 4,5; Procop. Aed. 6,6,18). Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 176-183; 211; 216; 2094; 2565 b; CIL VIII 2, 10032-10037; Suppl. 1, 11263-11273; 4, 23181-23186; [1. 56]. Huß, We…

[German version] (Νασαμῶνες; Nasamônes). Libyan tribe, which for a long time was resident in the Great Syrtis. Evidence: Hdt. 2,32,1f.; 4,172-174; Ps.-Scyl. 109 (GGM 1,84); Diod. 3,49,1, who, however, in  17,50 erroneously transplants it to the area north of the oasis of Siwa; Str. 2,5,33; 17,3,20; Plin. HN. 5,33; Ptol. 4,5,21; 30; Tab. Peut. 8,2f. ( Nesamones). In summer the N. grazed their herds near the coast and migrated to the Augila (modern Auǧila) oasis to harvest dates. They buried their dead in a sitting position. They prophesied from dreams …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Christianity | Coloniae | Punic Wars Numidian city of the later province of Africa proconsularis ( Africa [3]), situated c. 25 km south of Tagaste near modern Mdaourouch: Ptol. 4,3,30 (Μάδουρος; Mádouros); Iulius Honorius, Cosmographia B 44 ( Madauros). According to Apul. Apol. 24, M. initially belonged to the kingdom of Syphax, then to that of Massinissa. In the Flavian period (AD 69-96), M. was the place of residence ( colonia) of veterans [1. 2152]. The little town developed into a centre of Roman life…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Military base on the Limes (Limes VIII, with map) of Mauretania Caesariensis between Oujda and Tlemcen, modern Marnia, named after the numerus Severianus Alexandrinus Syrorum stationed there in the 3rd cent. AD. CIL VIII 2, 9961-9987; 10467-10470; Suppl. 3, 21798-21808. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AAA, Bl. 41, Nr. 1  H.T. Rowell, s.v. Numerus, RE 17, 2537-2554, hier 2553f.  P. Salama, La voie romaine de la vallée de la Tafna, in: Bull. d'archéologie Algérienne 2, 1966/7, 183-217.

[German version] Small island off the north African coast between Karalis and Thabraca (modern Tabarka), formed from volcanic rocks, modern Galita. Source references: Mela 2,120; Plin. HN 3,92; 5,42; 35,202; Ptol. 4,3,44 (Καλάθη; Kaláthē); It. Ant. 494,7-495,1; 514,4-8 (providing some wrong distances); Tab. Peut. 3,4; Liber generationis, Chron. min. 1, p. 103,134; 109,212; Liber genealogus, Chron. min. 1, p. 168,165; Mart. Cap. 6,645; Geogr. Rav. p. 102,1. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Toutain, Note sur l'île de la Galite, in: MEFRA 11, 1891, 454-456.

[German version] Berber tribal group, settled in the Great Kabylia (modern Algeria) between Rusuccuru and Saldae (?), which was finally subjugated by Maximianus [1]. References: Pan. Lat. 7,8,6; Eutr. 9,22 f.; Aur. Vict. Caes. 39,22; Oros. 7,25,4; 7,25,8; Iord. Historia Romana 297; 300; Get. 110; Zon. 12,31. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 2615; 2, 8836; 8924; 9010(?); AE 1985, 902(?). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines ..., 1962, 67  L. Galand, Les Quinquegentanei, in: Bulletin d'archéologie algérienne 4, 1970, 297-299  H. Treidler, s. v.…

[German version] (Ἀμπελουσία; Ampelousía). Greek name of Cape Spartel (north-west Africa) -- ‘Cape of the vineyards’ (Mela 1,25; 2,96; 3,107; Plin. HN 5,2). Was its aboriginal (Berber?) name αἱ Κώτεις ( hai Kṓteis; Str. 17,3,2) or rather Κώτης ἄκρον ( Kṓtēs ákron; Ptol. 4,1,2,) (in the same sense)? According to Ps.-Scyl. 112, Κώτης is the gulf between the ‘Pillars of Heracles’ and the ‘Foothills of Hermes’, according to Plin. HN 5,2; 32,15, Cottae lay beyond the ‘Pillars of Heracles’ Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography E. Bernus, s. v. A., EB 4, 605 f.

[German version] A seemingly bipartite Berber tribe; one group settled in the extreme west, the other in the extreme east of Mauretania Caesariensis. Sources: Amm. Marc. 29,5,33; Liber generationis 1,197,67 Mommsen; Iulius Honorius, Cosmographia A 47; Provinciarum laterculus codicis Veronensis 14,4. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography G. Camps, s.v. B., EB, 1394-1399 J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines, 1962, 47 fn. 2.

[German version] River, discharging into the sea 18 km south-east of  Leptis Magna, modern Oued Caam. Source references: Hdt. 4,175; 198; Verg. G. 3,311-313; Mela 1,37; Plin. HN 5,27; Ptol. 4,3,13; 20 (probably not 4,6,11); Tab. Peut. 7,3f.; Vibius Sequester, Geographica 147 Riese; Geogr. Rav. 38, 39; Thgn. 2,98 Cramer; Suda s.v. Κινύφειος. Probably towards the end of the 6th cent.,  Dorieus [1], son of the Spartan king Anaxandridas, founded an   apoikía at the mouth of the C. However, its citizens could only hold on to their position for two ye…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Africa | | Coloniae | Africa | Commerce | Limes | Phoenicians, Poeni | Punic Wars | Rome (Ἀδρύμης; Hadrýmēs). Phoenician trading centre on the east coast of Tunisia, modern Sousse. Evidence: Ps.-Scyl. 110 (GGM I 88); Sall. Iug. 19,1; Solin. 27,9. From the Punic or Neo-Punic period come the Tofet (with prominent steles), a necropolis (with various tomb offerings) and over 60 inscriptions. In 310 BC H. went over to the side of  Agathocles [2] (Diod. Sic. 20,17,3-5)…

[German version] (Ξυλικκεῖς; Xylikkeîs). A - possibly negroid - people which probably lived to the north of the Ahaggar Massif (in the Sahara)  (Ptol. 4,6,23: Ξ. Αἰθίοπες). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines, 1962, 241  H. Treidler, s. v. Ξ., RE 9 A, 2161-2163.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Phoenicians, Poeni (Punic ʾj glgl[ t]?, ‘Skull Island’?). Phoenician or Punic foundation located in the later  Mauretania Sitifensis - west of the mouth of the Ampsaga - modern Djidjelli. Attested to Plin. HN 5,20; Ptol. 4,2,11; It. Ant. 39,7; 40,5; Tab. Peut. 3,1; Amm. Marc. 29,5,5; Notitia episcopatuum Mauretaniae Sitifensis 4a; Anon. Geographia 40 (GGM II 505); Geogr. Rav. 40,22; 88,20; Guido p. 132,29. Augustus (?) elevated I. to a colonia. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 2, 8367-8373, 10330-10333; Suppl. 3, 20211-20213. Huß, W…

[German version] Fort on the border of the region of Hippo Regius. The precise location is unknown. Augustine appointed a bishop in F. who had mastered the Punic language (Aug. Epist. 209,2). F. remained a bishop's see (Not. Episc. Num. 21a). Inscription: AE 1983, 283 no. 980. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AAAlg, sheet 9, no. 59 J. Desanges, S. Lancel, L'apport des nouvelles lettres à la géographie historique de l'Afrique antique et de l'Église d'Afrique, in: C. Lepelley (ed.), Les lettres de saint Augustin découvertes par Johannes Divjak, 1983, 87-98 and 99, here 92-98.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae (Neo-Punic Mktrm). City in the Roman province of Africa Byzacena ( Africa [3]), about 150 km south-west of Carthage, modern Maktar. M. was the centre of the Carthaginian district ( rṣt Tškt (‘territories of Tuschkat’)) seized by Massinissa at the end of the 50s of the 2nd cent. BC [1. 432]. Testimonials to Punic culture - for example over 200 neo-Punic inscriptions - are numerous [2. 273-292]. An important sanctuary of the city was dedicated to Ḥṭr-Mskr ( Hoter Miskar). The Roman names Saturnus, Apollo deus pat…

[German version] City in Africa Proconsularis to the southwest of Thugga on the great road connecting Carthage with Sicca Veneria, modern Le Krib. Native city, which came under Punic rule and then fell to Massinissa. From the 1st century BC (?) [1. 366] until the late Roman period M. was a municipium (CIL VIII suppl. 1, 15582). Ptol. 4,3,42 (Μούστη κώμη/ Moústē kṓmē); Itin. Anton. 26,2; 41,3; 45,2; 49,3; 51,3 ( M.); Tab. Peut. 5,2 ( Mubsi); e.g. CIL VIII 1, 1577 ( Mustitani). In inscriptions several temples are mentioned: Juno (CIL VIII suppl. 4, 27438); Liber Pater and Venu…

[German version] Distinguished union of Berber tribes, which is widely attested in literature and inscriptions. The M. lived - partly transmigrating? - in the south of  Numidia and in parts of Africa Proconsularis. Evidence: Plin. HN 5,30 ( Musulami or Misulani); Flor. Epit. 4,12,40 ( Musulami); Tac. Ann. 2,52,1; 4,24,2 ( Musulamii); Ptol. Geog. 4,3,24 (Μισουλάμοι/ Misoulámoi or Μισουλάνοι/ Misoulánoi); Tab. Peut. 2,5; 3,1 ( Musulamii); Liber generationis (Chron. min. 1) p. 109 §213 ( Musulani); Oros. 6,21,18 ( Musolani); Chronicum Alexandrinum (Chron. min. 1) p. 109 §184 ( Mosulami…

[German version] (Καταβαθμός; Katabathmós). In the Ptolemaic period, the fort of C. with its harbour -- modern Sollum -- was the border town from Egypt to the  Cyrenaea. C. retained is border town character throughout subsequent cents. Its strategic location was important. Source references: Sall. Iug. 19,3; Str. 17,1,5; 13; 3,1; 22; Mela 1,40; Plin. HN 5,38f.; It. Ant. 71,7; Stadiasmus maris magni 29f. (GGM I 437f.). The surroundings of the settlement are also occasionally referred to as Katabathmós -- C. (‘descent’) mégas; cf. Pol. 31,18,9; Ptol. 4,5,4; Sol. 27,3; Oros. 1,2,88. Huß, …