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[German version] (Ἀμφίλοχοι, Ἀμφιλοχία; Amphílochoi, Amphilochía). Region and tribe east of the Gulf of  Ambracia, mainly mountainous, only a narrow coastal plain, bordering to the east on the   Agraei, to the south on  Acarnania. Str. 7,7,1; 7,8 ranked them amongst the Epirotes, but generally, they were considered to be a separate ‘Barbarian’ tribe (Dionysius Calliphontus 46 f.; Str. 9,5,1; Thuc. 2,68; [2. 351 f.]). According to older tradition, the main town of Argos Amphilochicum was founded by  A…

[German version] (Ἴσσα; Íssa). Island and city off the Dalmatian coast, modern Vis, Croatia. The settlers who came from Syracuse to I. in the late 4th cent. BC (Scymn. 413f; Diod. Sic. 15,14,2) [3; 4] established colonies in their turn: Tragurium, Epetium and a settlement on Corcyra Melaina (SEG 43, 348) [3]. Elevated by Rome in 230/229 BC to a civitas libera et foederata [1. 100], in 167 BC I. was declared exempt from taxes. In 56 BC a legation from I. went to Caesar (SEG 43, 350). From the 1st cent. BC part of the administrative region of  Salona [1. 106f…

[German version] (Ἀτιντᾶνες, Ἀτιντανοί; Atintânes, Atintanoí). The localization is controversial because of contradictory details supplied by ancient authors: according to App. Ill. 7, an Illyrian, according to Str. 7,7,8; Scyl. 26, an Epirotic tribe. [1] therefore identifies two tribes: the Atintani east of Epidamnus (Polyaenus, Strat. 4,11), in 229 BC in alliance with Rome (Pol. 7,9), after 205 belonging to Macedonia (Liv. 27,30; 45,30; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀκαρνανία); the Atintanes, by contrast, north…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Aetolians, Aetolia (Ἰθωρία; Ithōría). Fortified settlement in Aetolia, destroyed in 219 BC by Philip V (Pol. 4,64,9f.). Finds within the line of the Hellenistic walls on the left bank of the  Achelous [1] on the hilltop above the modern village of Hagios Ilias date from the Mycenaean to the early Roman periods. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography S. Bommeljé (ed.), Aetolia and the Aetolians, 1987, 74 Pritchett 7, 15f. R. Scheer, s.v. I., in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 284.

[German version] (Ποτειδανία/ Poteidanía). City in Aetolia (Aetolians, Aetolia, with map) in the lands of the Apodoti, identified with the ruins southeast of modern Kambos on the middle reaches of the Mornos river by liberation documents (SEG 41, 528) of 135/4 BC found there. Cf. Thuc. 3,96,2; Liv. 28,8,9. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography Pritchett 7, 49-52  D. Strauch, Römische Politik und griechische Tradition, 1996, 301.

[German version] [1] Today Corfu (Κόρκυρα, Kórkyra, Lat. Corcyra; the island of Corfu). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) [German version] A. Name The northernmost of the Ionian islands, always referred to as C. on coins and local inscriptions, but in literature and other inscriptions (IG II-III2 96; SEG 25, 354) also called Κέρκυρα, Lat. Corcyra, today officially Kérkyra. The name Corfu has been in common use since the 10th cent. and stems from the Greek word Koryphḗ (‘summit’), named after the fortress overlooking the medieval and the modern city. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) [German version] B. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Persian Wars | Athenian League (Second) (Πάλη/ Pálē). Town west of Cephallenia on the Paliki peninsula north of modern Lixuri. Hdt. 9,28,5 confuses Παλέες/ Palées with αλεῖοι/ Waleíoi, 'citizens of Elis', when mentioning the involvement of the troops of P. in the battle of Plataeae in 479 BC. There are hardly any ancient remains. Inscriptions: IG IX 1, 645f.; Coins: BMC, Gr (Peloponnese) 84-88. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Athenian League (Second) (Κράνιοι). City west of  Cephallenia, east of the main city today named Argostoli. It supported Athens in the  Peloponnesian War: Thuc. 2,30; 33; 5,35; 56; Str. 10,2,13. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography P. Kalligas, Ἱερὸ Δήμητρας καὶ Κόρης στὴν Κράνη Κεφαλλονιᾶς, in: ArchE, 1978, 136-146 R. Speich, Korfu und die Ion. Inseln, 1982, 263-265.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Macedonia, Macedones | Education / Culture (Ὤρικος/ Ṓ rikos, also Ὠρικός/ Ōrikós, Ὠρικόν/ Ōrikón). Port in Epirus, at the southern curve of the gulf of the same name (today the Gulf of Vlorë in Albania). According to legend, it was founded by Euboeans (Euboea) on their return from Troy. It is mentioned as early as the 6th cent. BC in Hecat. FGrH 1 F 106. It had close ties with Corcyra [1], from the 4th cent. BC on and probably earlier. The city, which lay …

[German version] (τὸ Ἄκτιον; tò Áktion, Actium). Flat, sandy promontory (medieval: Punta) opposite the modern Preveza at the entrance to the Ambracian Gulf (Str. 10,2,7; [9]), in ancient times belonging to  Anactorium; location of the decisive battle between Octavianus ( Augustus) and  Antonius [9]. It was also the location of the sanctuary of  Apollo Actius, founded by the Corinthian settlers of Anactorium in about 600 BC; its great age is confirmed by archaeological finds (kouroi of the early 6th c…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Acarnanians, Acarnania (Ἀλύζεια, Ἀλυζία; Alýzeia, Alyzía). City (of Corinthian origins?) on the Acarnanian west coast, near to today's Kandila. Allied with Athens in the  Peloponnesian War (Thuc. 7,31,2). In 375 BC near A., Athenian victory at sea in the battle against the Spartan hegemony (Xen. Hell. 5,4,65 f.); in the Roman imperial period dependent on  Nicopolis (Str. 10,2,2); way station of the   cursus publicus (Geogr. Rav. 5,13: (H)Alissa). Harbour, Heracles sanctuary (Scyl. 34; St…

[German version] (Μολοσσοί/ Molossoí). One of the main tribes of Epirus, with many small tribes. They originated in northern Pindus. From the 5th cent. BC, the tribes of the M. populated the basin of modern Ioannina, which originally belonged to the Thesproti, with the sanctuary of Dodona (Str. 7,7,8; 11). The borders in the north were the upper part of the Thyamis (modern Kalamas), and in the south-east the Arachthus. In the early 4th cent., part of the northern bank of the Ambracian Gulf also bel…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Acarnanians, Acarnania (Μεδιών/ Mediṓn; Μεδεών/ Medeṓn, Thuc. 3,106). City in central Acarnania, south of the modern village of Katouna, on the important route from the Gulf of Ambracia to the central plain between Aetolia and Acarnania. In 231 BC, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by the Aetolians (Pol. 2,2f.), in 191 it supported Antiochus III (Liv. 36,11,10-12,12). Mentioned repeatedly in lists of theōrodokoi. (IG IV 12, 95 l. 13; [1. 157 Z. 2]; SEG 36, 331 l. 44-46). Inscriptions: IG IX 12,2, 387f.; SEG 25, 633; [2. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Aetolians, Aetolia (Κωνώπη; Kōnṓpē). Place in Aetolia near modern Angelocastro at the southern edge of the Achelous plain, new foundation between 287 and 281 BC as Polis Arsinoeia in honour of Arsinoë [II 3], the wife of Lysimachus. A favourable location on a ford of the Achelous (Str. 10,2,22), member of the Aetolian koinon ( Aitoloi, map). Epigraphy: IG IX 1,131-133; SEG 17,269-272; 25,625; 34,468f.; 40,457 [1]. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography 1 G. Klaffenbach, in: SPrAW 1936, 360-364. C. Antonetti, Les Étoli…

[German version] (Λευκίμμη/ Leukímmē, Dorian Λευκίμμα/ Leukímma). A low promontory (‘white cape’) protruding to the north, on the south-east coast of Corcyra, modern Lefkimi. Thuc. 1,30,1; 4,47,2; 51,4; 3,79,3; Str. 7,7,5; Ptol. 3,17,11. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography A. W. Gomme, A Historical Commentary on Thucydides 1, 1945, 183 Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 2, 445f.

[German version] (Τέκμων; Tékmōn). Fortified township of the Molossi in Epirus, probably at modern Kestritza to the south of the modern Lake of Ioannina. T. was conquered by the Romans in 167 BC (Liv. 45,26,4). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography P. Cabanes, L'Épire, 1976, 506  N. G. L. Hammond, Epirus, 1967, 527.

[German version] (Νήϊον/ Nḗïon). A woody mountain on Ithaca, mentioned only in Hom. Od.1,186 and 3,81 and after that by lexicographers. Even the ancient exegetes of Homer could not identify it (Str. 10,2,11). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography A. Heubeck, A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey, vol. 1, 1988, 100, 165.

[German version] (Αἰγίλιψ; Aigílips). In Homer's catalogue of ships (Hom. Il. 2,633) listed as a place under Odysseus' rule, its exact location controversial even in antiquity (Str. 10,2,10: on  Leucas; Steph. Byz. s. v. Κροκύλειον; Krokýleion: on  Ithaca; Suda s. v. A.: on  Cephallenia), modern searches concentrate on Ithaca. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography E. Visser, Homers Katalog der Schiffe, 1997 R. H. Simpson, J. F. Lazenby, The catalogue of ships, 1970, 103 f.

[German version] (Δεριεῖς; Derieîs). Tribe and district in the east of Acarnania, destination of the Peloponnesian ceremonial emissaries (IG IV2 96, l. 61ff.; SEG 36,331, l. 41ff.). In 314 BC synoikismós in  Agrinium (Diod. Sic. 19,67,4). Capital not located. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography Pritchett, vol. 8, 81-85.

[German version] (Θεσπρωτοί/ Thesprōtoí, Θεσπρωτία/ Thesprōtía). One of the three main tribes of Epirus with an area of settlement between the river Thyamis in the north, the Gulf of Ambracia as far as the river Aphas (modern Louros) in the southeast and the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) in the west. In Hom. (Od. 14,314-320; 16,425-427), the T. are mentioned, particularly the oracle of the dead, nekyomanteíon, of Ephyra [3]; the coastal city of Buthrotum is described by Hecat. FGrH 1 F 105 as a pólis . Ancient authors (Str. 7,7,11; Hdt. 2,56) describe the T. as …