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(Διεύχης; Dieúchēs). [German version] [1] Physician and author of medical texts Physician and author of medical texts in the 4th and possibly even the early 3rd cent. BC. He viewed the human body from the perspective of the four elementary qualities (Gal. 10,452), approved of bloodletting (11,163) and was positively disposed towards anatomy (11,795). He became particularly respected for his methods of treatment (Gal. 10,28; 11,795), especially because of greater care in prescribing dangerous medication (Or…

(Ἀγαθοκλῆς; Agathoklês) [German version] [1] of Athens Archon 357/56 BC Archon 357/56 BC (Dem. Or. 47,44; Diod. Sic. 16,9). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] Tyrant King of Syracuse (316-288 BC) Later king of Syracuse, born 361/0 BC in Thermae in Sicily. Son of Carcinus, who had been banned from Rhegium, and who under  Timoleon had received citizenship in Syracuse and had a pottery manufactory. A. had an adventurous youth, participated in several martial undertakings and early on fostered broad-reaching politica…

[German version] Attic author of Old Comedy [1. test. 1], the only play of his which is still known, the Τυμπανισταί, is the source for Aelian's quote of 10 trochaic short verses of a dancing song (fr. 1). The Suda's claim that A. also wrote τραγῳδίας πολλάς (‘many tragedies’) [1. test. 1], seems improbable, but is perhaps a reference to κωμῳδοτραγῳδίαι [2. 17212], i.e. a drama mixing comic and tragic elements, Lat. tragicomoedia. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG IV, 1983, 18f. 2 Schmid/Stählin I 4, 1946, 172.

(Μοσχίων/ Moschíōn). [German version] [1] Tragedian, 3rd cent. BC Athenian tragedian, probably 2nd half of 3rd cent. BC, known almost solely through quotations by Stobaeus. Titles attested include ‘Telephos and two historical dramas: ‘Themistokles, at the heart of which was probably the naval battle at Salamis, following on from Aeschylus' ‘Persians, with the distinction that M. made Themistocles the protagonist; and ‘The Pheraeans, probably dealing with the death of Alexander [15] of Pherae. A lengthy f…

[German version] (Σωσικράτης; Sōsikrátēs). Greek comic poet, attested exclusively in others' writings, by all appearances belonging to New Comedy. Pollux quotes three verses from the play Παρακαταθήκη ( Parakatathḗkē, 'The Pledge'), Athenaeus three from the Φιλάδελφοι ( Philádelphoi, 'The Fond Brothers'), Stobaeus two verses and the Suda the gloss ἀμφίας from unknown comedies [1]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG VII, 1989, 600-602.

[German version] Attic poet of the Old Comedy, from whose productions seven titles of works and some short fragments are still extant. A. achieved second place in the Dionysia in the year 423 BC, behind Cratinus and ahead of Aristophanes (first, ‘Clouds’) [1. test. 5a]. He likewise had the victory in 414 in the Dionysia ahead of Aristophanes (‘Birds’) and Phrynichus [1. 203] and was victorious a further time in the Dionysia as well as once in the Lenaea [1. test. 3,4]. In the opinion of his rival Aristophanes, A. was a coarse comedian [1. test. 6]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG II,…

[German version] (Σώσιππος; Sṓsippos). Comic poet from an undetermined period, mentioned only in Athenaeus, who introduced a citation of 8 verses with the remark: Diphilus or S. says in his Ἀπολείπουσα ( The runaway) ... [1]. The fragment itself is more often ascribed to the better known Diphilus, particularly as his play of the same name is attested several times [2]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG VII, 1989, 608 2 PCG V, 1986, 58-61.

(Σωτάδης/ Sōtádes). [German version] [1] Attic poet of the Middle Comedy, 4th cent. BC Attic poet of the Middle Comedy (4th cent. BC), explicitly referred to as such by Athenaeus and the Suda [1. test. 1.2]. Athenaeus quotes 35 verses from the play Ἐγκλειόμεναι/ Enkleiómenai (or -οι/- oi; 'The Incarcerated') in which a cook speaks at length about his skill of preparing fish (fr. 1). Furthermore, two verses from the Παραλυτρούμενος ( Paralytroúmenos, 'The Redeemed Prisoner'; fr. 3) were transmitted by Athenaeus (fr. 4) and in a commentary on Job five verses from an u…

(Φιλωνίδης; Philōnídēs). [German version] [1] Attic poet of Old Comedy Attic Old Comedy poet, father of the comic poet Nicochares [1. test. 1, 2]. The supplementation of his name on the list of victors at the Dionysia is insecure [1. test. 3]. Three play titles survive - Ἀπήνη ( Apḗnē / 'The Chariot'), Κόθορνοι ('The Cothurni'), Φιλέταιρος ( Philétairos / 'The Good Comrade') - as do 17 brief fragments, most from 'The Cothurni'. The play Προαγών ( Proagṓn / 'The Preliminary Contest'), sometimes attributed to P., is probably by Aristophanes, who had it produced under P.'s …

[German version] (Δημόνικος; Dēmónikos). Writer of comedies of unknown date, perhaps the 4th cent. BC [1]. D. is only attested in Ath. 9,410c where four verses are quoted from the piece Ἀχελῶιος ( Achelôios) that describe hospitality extended to a voracious Boeotian (perhaps Hercules) (fr. 1). Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG V, 1986, 14.

[German version] [1] Attic poet of the Old Comedy Attic poet of the Old Comedy, who according to the witness of Suda wrote five pieces (Δαλίς, Δανάη, Ἰφιγέπων, Κένταυροι, Κρῆτες; Dalís, Danáē, Iphigépōn, Kéntauroi, Krêtes; 1. test. 1), all of which are lost, except for a few remnants. On the inscription list of the Lenaean victors A. figures between Nicophon and Amipsias [1. test. 3]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG II, 1991, 518-523. [German version] [2] Personal physician of Antiochos III Son of A. of Seleucia, personal physician ( archiatros) and tropheus of Antiochus III;…

[German version] Earlier thought to be a writer of comedies because of a transcription error in Ath. 15,668c, where three lines are quoted from Κάλλιπος ἐν Παννυχίδι (‘C. in the Pannychís). Since the appearance of the PBerolinensis 13417 with the rest of the drinking poem Pannychís by  Callimachus [3], including the lines quoted by Athenaeus, there can be no doubt that the phrase in question should read Καλλίμαχος [1; 2]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 A. Körte, s.v. C. (18), RE 10, 1667 2 R. Pfeiffer, Callimachus I, 1949, 217 (F 227).

(Σώπατρος/ Sṓpatros). [German version] [1] Greek rhetorician, 4th cent. AD Greek rhetorician of the 4th cent. AD, contemporary and perhaps pupil of Himerius (Walz 8,318,29, where the reading ὁ σοφὸς ὁ ἡμέτερος Ἱμέριος 'our learned teacher Himerius' is probably to be preferred). S. probably taught at Athens (Walz 8,55,6 f.). These pieces of information come from his main work, the Διαίρεσις Ζητημάτων/Di(h)aíresis Zētēmátōn (approx. 'Discussion of Questions'), a collection of 82 fictional controversiae , dedicated to an otherwise unknown Carponia…

(Στέφανος; Stéphanos). [German version] [1] Athenian politician, 4th cent. BC Athenian, son of Antidorides from the deme Eroiadai (Syll.3 205 = IG II/III2 213 = Tod 168: request to renew friendship and alliance with Mytilene in the spring of 346 BC), as prosecutor and politician aligned with Callistratus [2]. The allegation by Apollodorus [1] that S. had attempted to pass off the children of (his children by?) his common-law spouse, Neaera [6], a former hetaera from Corinth, as his own children from a legitimate marr…

(Νεάνθης; Neánthēs). [German version] [1] Of Cyzicus, Greek author of uncertain date N. of Cyzicus. References to and some fragments of the following works under this name are preserved (FGrH 84): a Greek history (Ἑλληνικά, Hellēniká), a history of Attalus [4] I of Pergamum (Περὶ Ἄτταλον ἱστορίαι, Perì Áttalon historíai), writings on the myths and history of the city of Cyzicus (Τὰ κατὰ πόλιν μυθικά, Ὧροι Κυζικηνῶν, Ta katà pólin mythiká, Hȏroi Kyzikēnȏn), a biographical collection ‘On famous men (Περὶ ἐνδόξων ἀνδρῶν, Perì endóxōn andrȏn), a piece on mysteries and cults (Περὶ τελετῶν, P…

[German version] (Φιλόνικος; Philónikos). Comic poet of the transition period between Old and Middle Comedy, on the list of victors at the Lenaea after Philyllius with a victory around 390 [1. test. 2]. No fragments of his works are extant. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG VII, 1989, 362.

(Φιλίσκος; Philískos). [German version] [1] Poet of Middle Comedy Poet of Middle Comedy, to whom the Suda attributes 7 play titles: Ἄδωνις (Á dōnis), Διὸς γοναί ( Diòs gonaí/ 'The Birth of Zeus'; Adespoton 1062 K.-A. is sometimes assigned to this play [4]), Θεμιστοκλῆς ( Themistoklês/ ' Themistocles'; title probably incorrectly included in the list [3. n. 37]), Ὄλυμπος ( Ólympos; ' Olympus'), Πανὸς γοναί ( Panòs gonaí; 'The Birth of Pan'), Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀφροδίτης γοναί ( Hermoû kaì Aphrodítēs gonaí/ ' The Births of Hermes and Aphrodite'; possibly two plays [3. n. 24]), Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ Ἀ…

(Κάνθαρος; Kántharos. Cp. Kantharos) [German version] [1] Main harbour of Piraeus The main harbour of Piraeus (Plut. Phocion 28,3; Aristoph. Pax 145 with schol.; Hesch. s.v. Κάνθαρος; Anecd. Bekk. 1,271,8), otherwise referred to simply as mégas or mégistos limḗn ('large' or 'largest harbour'; Plut. Themistocles 32,4; Paus. 1,1,2; IG II2 1035,45f.) [1. 61f.; 2. 9], modern Kentrikos limen. Named after an otherwise unknown heros [1] C. (Philochorus, FGrH 328 F 203) or after the pottery shape Kantharos [1] (cf. [3]). Moles narrowed the entry into the C. which, as limḕn kleistós ('close…

(Διόδωρος, Διόδορος; Diódōros, Diódoros). Well-known representatives of the name: the philosopher D. [4] Kronos, the mathematician D. [8] of Alexandria, the universal historian D. [18] Siculus, the early Christian theologian D. [20] of Tarsus. [German version] [1] Athenian fleet commander in the Peloponnesian War Athenian, fleet commander with Mantitheus at the end of 408-407 BC at the Hellespont with a sufficient number of ships, so that Alcibiades [3] was able to sail to Samos and Thrasyllus and Theramenes to Athens (Diod. Sic. 13,68,2). (Traill, PAA 329550; Develin 171). Kinzl, …

[German version] (Ἀξιόνικος; Axiónikos) Poet of the Middle Comedy, of whose life nothing is known. The four play titles that are known (Τυρρηνός, Φιλευριπίδης, Φίλιννα, Χαλκιδικός) and the few fragments that have been preserved, suggest that A. belongs to the Middle Comedy [1; 2. 245ff.]. The monody of the cook in the style of Euripides in Φιλευριπίδης (fr. 4) is particularly characteristic: the comedy is evident less in the mockery of the tragic model and more in the contrast between the dithyrambic language and the everyday activity of preparing a meal [2. 246f.]. Hidber, Thomas (Be…