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(Γαυδέντιος; Gaudéntios). [German version] [1] G. Philosophus Musician and philosopher Author of an introduction to harmony, Ἁρμονικὴ εἰσαγωγή ( Harmonikḕ eisagōgḗ) ─ probably written in line with Claudius Ptolemy's ─ translated into Latin by Cassiodorus' friend Mutianus (Cassiod. Inst. 2,5,142 Mynors). The incompletely preserved work (in 23 chapters) contains traditional teachings in a slightly modified form, especially from Aristoxenus and the Pythagoreans: voice, sound, interval, modes, composition (1-7), unison…

Roman cognomen, which originally designated bodily size or birth order (‘the Elder’), as in the Republican period in the case of Sp. Postumius Albinus M. ( cos. 148 BC) and T. Roscius M. (Cic. Rosc. Am. 17) [1. 275; 3. 47]. As an assumption of the epithet of Alexander [4] ‘the Great’ (ὁ μέγας/ ho mégas, in the sense of great historical importance), first taken by Cn. Pompeius ( cos. 70 and 55) in the 1st cent. BC, then inherited by his sons Cn. and Sex. Pompeius and their descendants. Sex. Pompeius used M. also as a praenomen resp. nomen gentile [4. 364f.]. In the Imperial period, more frequen…

[German version] Comes et magister utriusque militiae per Gallias in the years AD 451/52-456/457, then replaced by emperor  Maiorianus with  Aegidius and accused, deployed again by  Ricimer in 461 and sent to Gallia, where he gave over the city of Narbo 462 to the West Goths, in order to win them over against Aegidius (Chron. min. 2, 26, 33 Mommsen; MGH SS rer. Merov. 3,109; 149-152). PLRE 2, 37 f. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography D. Henning, Periclitans res publica, 1999

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio 408 to 410 BC Praefectus praetorio Illyrici from AD 408 to 410 (Cod. Theod. 12,1,172; 15,1,49), in whose honour the Sophists erected statues in Athens and Megara (IG II2 4224f.; VII 93).  Iohannes Chrysostomos sent him epist. 201. PLRE 2, 545. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) [German version] [2] see Maximianus see  Maximianus

[German version] Flavius Macrobius L., in AD 399 comes sacrarum largitionum ( comes, comites ), as praefectus urbi had the walls and gates of Rome restored in 401-402 because of the threat of the Goths (ILS 797). In 406 L. became praef. praet. italiae, as a friend of Stilicho, when he was overthrown, L. was assassinated on 13 August 408 (Zos. 5,32,7; cf. Sozom. Hist. eccl. 9,4,7). Symmachus wrote to him epist. 7,93-101. Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2,686f. A. Chastagnol, Fastes de la préfecture de Rome, 1962, 255-257 v. Haehling 311-313.

Roman cognomen (‘The Fortunate One’), in the Republican period initially an epithet of the dictator L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla and his descendants (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in the Imperial period, as a name invoking luck, one of the most common cognomina and the most common slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period, probably a contemporary of  Dioscurides [8], named together with  Anteros in an inscription as a gemari de sacra via [1. 44 and note 40]. He signed the famous sard…

[German version] [0] C. U. Antoninus Proconsul of Lycia-Pamphylia (communication from M. Waelkens). Whether he is identical with the senator U. Antoninus who participated in the secular games of AD 204 [1] must remain an open question. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, s. v. U. (25), RE Supplementum 14, 935. [German version] [1] M. U. Arabianus Senator from Amastris [4] in Pontus; cos. suff.; consular governor of Syria Palaestina (Syria) between AD 187 and 190 (IGR III 85 = [1. 163, no. 16]); procos. of Africa around 200 (CIL VIII 15876). His son was M. U. Domitius…

[German version] [1] Armenian, about AD 350, had great influence at the court in Constantinople Armenian, held his first office in the imperial administration in AD 356-357 (Lib. Ep. 538 Foerster), praefectus Aegypti in 361-362. In 364-365 (without office) he had great influence at the court in Constantinople (Lib. Ep. 1484 etc.). PLRE 1, 393 (G. 2). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [2] Commander of the city of Tomi AD 384-387 Commander of the city of Tomi in AD 384-387. He had barbarians in Roman service executed for planning an assault…

[German version] The Notitia regionum urbis (Romae) XIV, also known as the Libellus de regionibus urbis Romae, is the most comprehensive source for the administrative structure of the city's 14 districts and for the stock of buildings in ancient Rome. Its core description of the city dates back to the reign of Constantinus [1] I, with interpolations from the 4th cent. Notitia dignitatum; Roma Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography Edition: A. Nordh, 1949.

[German version] Iusta Grata H., western Roman empress. Daughter of  Constantius [6] III and of  Galla [3] Placidia, elder sister of  Valentinianus III, born in AD 417 or 418 (Olympiodorus fr. 34 FHG IV 65; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 9,16,2), probably became Augusta before 437 (ILS 817f.). She was forced to take a vow of eternal virginity, but in 449 was expelled from court because of an affair with her procurator and she became betrothed to a senator. She then asked  Attila, king of the Huns, for help an…

[German version] [1] Late-Roman senator, c. AD 527, praefectus urbis Romae Late-Roman senator, brother of Pope Vigilius, c. AD 527 praefectus urbis Romae under the Gothic king Athalaric. In 536, he was interned by the Goths in Ravenna. He fled to Liguria, and in 538, Belisarius appointed him praefectus praetorio (Italiae) in Mediolan(i)um [1] (Milan), where he was assassinated in 539 by the victorious Goths (Cassiod. Var. 9,7; Procop. Goth 1,26,1 f.; 2,12,34 f.; 21,40). Ostrogoths Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 939 f., 1323  Rubin 2, 109, 126 f.  Ch. Schäfer, Der wes…

[German version] Western Roman usurper in the year AD 413. He murdered  Stilicho in Ravenna in 408 and was rewarded for this by being named comes Africae (Zos. 5,37,6). In spite of the despotism he practiced there he was made consul in 413 (Oros. 7,42,10), but he revolted against  Honorius [3] and landed near Rome with a large fleet. He was defeated and condemned to death on the 3rd of August 413 (Cod. Theod. 15,14,13). He fled to Carthage, where he was killed (Oros. 7,42,14; Zos. 6,7ff.; Chron. min. 1,467, 654; 2,18,71 Mommsen). Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography PLRE 2, 539f. A. Deman…

[German version] [1] see Marcius Festus see  Marcius Festus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Iulius F. Hymetius Rom. official, proconsul Africae AD 366-368 served around AD 350 as corrector Tusciae et Umbriae, later as praetor urbanus and consularis Campaniae cum Samnio (before 355). In 362, he became vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 11,30,29), and from 366 to 368 proconsul Africae (Cod. Theod. 9,19,3; his entire career: ILS 1256). As proconsul, he helped to alleviate a famine in Carthage, and in this context was sentenced to a fine as a result of b…

[German version] ( Notitia provinciarum et civitatum Galliae). The NG is a list, compiled at the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th cent., of the 17 Gallic provinces with 115 civitates (local communities), seven castra (B.) and a portus (port). The administrative classification is associated with the eclesiastic division into dioceses ( dioíkēsis II.). More than 100 MSS, often interpolated, attest to the importance of the NG in the Middle Ages. Notitia dignitatum Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) Bibliography Edition: O. Seeck, Notitia dignitatum, 1876, 261-274  MGH AA 9, 1892, …

[German version] [1] Cognomen of Diocletian Cognomen of Diocletian,  Tetrarchy. Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg) [German version] [2] Praetorian prefect of emperor Honorius [3] Praetorian prefect under emperor  Honorius [3]. In 407, he was made Praefectus Praetorio Illyrici by Stilicho, in order to wrest this prefecture from the eastern empire, but remained dependent on the Gothic king  Alaricus [2] (Sozom. Hist. eccl. 8,25,3; 9,4,3; Zos. 5,48,2). In 409, he became Praef. Praet. Italiae and Patricius (Cod. Theod. 2,8,25; 16,5,47; Zos. 5,47,1). As the most influential…

Supposedly an ancient Latin praenomen (Liber de praenominibus 4), but historically only attested (with meaning ‘The Fortunate’) for F. Cornelius [I 87] Sulla, the son of the dictator Sulla and his descendants ( Cornelius [II 57] and [II 60]). Epithet of the Anicii ( Anicius [II 2-6]); also a favourite name for slaves. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Anicius Acilius Glabrio F. Consul AD 438 Scion of the most important late Roman senatorial family who became praefectus urbi Romae three times under Honorius and Valentinian III, in AD 437/8 and 442 praefectus praetorio…

[German version] Late ancient official in the officium [6] of the praetorian prefect, who was responsible for issuing licences ( evectiones) for the use of the cursus publicus (Lydus. Mag. 3,4 and 21; Cassiod. Var. 11,29). It is not certain whether this office is identical with that of a regerendarius, which the Notitia dignitatum records in the offices of all praetorian prefects, the city prefect of Rome, magistri militum and a number of comites and duces of the West (Not. Dign. Or. 2,68; 3,29; Not. Dign. Occ. 2,52; 3,47; 4,28; 5,280; 25,44; 30,27 et passim). The latt…

[German version] [1] Imperator Caesar C.P. Niger Iustus Augustus, Roman emperor 193-194 AD, see Pescennius see  Pescennius Bringmann, Klaus (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [2] I. of Tiberias Jew. historian, 1st cent. AD Jewish historian of the 1st cent. AD, wrote a ‘Jewish War’ (66-70/74), in which he dealt critically with the work of the same name by  Josephus [4] Flavius (this made Josephus write a retort in his autobiography: Vita 65), and a chronological-genealogical work on Jewish kings from Moses to  Iulius [II 5] Agrippa II. This work, which appears to…

[German version] (Ζηνωνίς/ Zēnōnís). Aelia Z. Augusta, wife of the Eastern Roman counter-emperor Basiliscus (January 475 until August 476), who she seems to have influenced towards a pro-Monophysite church policy. Her son Marcus became co-regent, her alleged lover Armatus became head of the army and consul in 476. After the fall of her husband she and her son were banished with him and killed (Malchus fr. 8 = Suda α 3968, 3970 Adler; Candidus fr. 1 = FHG 4,136; Theophanes, Chronographia 1,121,124 f. de Boor = 187, 192 Mango-Scott). Basiliscus; Monophysitism Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) B…

[German version] State manual or reference book for the internal use of Roman authorities in Late Antiquity. As shown by its full title Notitia dignitatum tam civilium quam militarium in partibus orientis/occidentis (‘Manual of civil and military appointments in the Eastern and Western parts), this two-part work provides an index of positions to be filled by the Emperor in the army and the administration of the imperium orientale (= or.) and occidentale (= occ.). The high civilian and military offices, beginning with the Praetorian and city prefects ( praefectus praetorio ; praefectus…