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[German version] (Κόπρος; Kópros). Attic paralia-deme of the phyle Hippothontis, with two bouleutaí. Probably identical with the synonymous (river?) island (νῆσος τῆς Ἀττικῆς, Schol. Aristoph. Equ. 899; Hsch. s.v. Κ.), but not identical with Gaiduronisi (Patroklu Charax) [1]. [2. 52; 3. 178; 4] assume that C. was located east of Eleusis. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Honigmann, s.v. Kopros, RE XI 2, 1365f. 2 Traill, Attica 21 with n. 26bis, 52, 69, 111 no. 74, table 8 3 Travlos, Attika 4 E. Vanderpool, New Evidence for the Location of the Attic Deme Kopros, …

[German version] (Βουτάδαι; Boutádai). Attic   asty deme of the phyle Oenieis, later of the Ptolemais; one bouleutes; of uncertain location, but the connection of the  Eteoboutadai with the Scirophoria and the town quarter of Sciron suggests a position of B. at the Holy Way near Laciadae and the Cephisus. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 9,48,62,69,109 (no. 27), table 6,13.

[German version] (Παιανία/ Paianía). Great Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle Pandionis in Liopesi (today again P.), divided into Upper P. (Π. καθύπερθεν/ P. kathýperthen) with one bouleutḗs and Lower P. (Π. ὑπένερθεν/ P. Hypénerthen) with eleven bouleutaí (Harpocr. s.v. Παιανιεῖς). In 307/6 BC, Upper P. changed over to Antigonis. The deme decree IG I3 250 (450/430 BC; FO: Liopesi) [2. 385 No. 83] of Lower P., which mentions a quorum of 100 dēmótai [2. 95], attests to the harvest festival of Pr(o)ērosía [2. 196f.] and hieropoioí ('cult officials') [2. 142, 183]. For the cult of …

[German version] (Ἀχραδοῦς; Achradoús). According to Steph. Byz. s. v. A., Attic deme. Ἀχραδούσιος/ Achradoúsios (Aristoph. Eccl. 362) is explained as a travesty of  Acherdus [1. 336], but A. is also verified in IG II2 2776 Z. 195, possibly as a dependent   kome of  Ionidae [2. 53]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead 2 H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993.

[German version] (Ἁγνοῦς; Hagnoûs, originally Ἀγνοῦς; Agnoûs). Attic mesogeia deme of the Acamantis phyle, from 307/6 BC of Demetrias, from 200/199 BC of Attalis; it provided five   bouleutaí . Formerly located near Dankla east of Markopoulo [1. 48], now to the southwest near Dardiste [2. 132], on the basis of the finding-place of the deme decree IG II2 1083 attributed erroneously in this collection to Myrrhinus. Leon, who had betrayed to Theseus the ambush of the Pallantids at Gargettus, was accorded a cult in H. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁ.) [3. 12]. The o…

[German version] (Σφηττός; Sphēttós). Attic mesogeia deme of the Acamantis phyle, with five (seven) bouleutaí, counted part of the Attic Dodekapolis (Str. 9,1,20), and located, on the basis of honorary inscriptions by the  Sphettii for Demetrius [4] (SEG 25, 206), in the northwest of Coropi; the Bronze Age fortress Kastro tou Christou is situated here [1]. The Sphēttía Hodós ('S. Road' ) connected S. with Athens [2]. The Sphettii were considered witty (Aristoph. Plut. 720). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R. Hope Simpson, Mycenaean Greece, 1981, 50 B 33 2 Ch. Korres, Σφηττία…

[German version] (Παιονίδαι/ Paionídai). Attic mesogeia deme of the Leontis phyle on the Parnes, with three bouleutaí. According to Hdt. 5,62, the fortress of Leipsydrium (which has not yet been located), was above P. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 47, 62, 68, table 4  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 55, 63, 130  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Κεκροπίς; Kekropís). After the phyle reforms of  Cleisthenes [2] the seventh of the 10 phyles of Attica ( Attica with map); its eponymous hero:  Cecrops. At the time of the 10 phyles, C. comprised 11 (four asty, five mesogeia, and two paralia) demes. From 307/6 to 201/0 BC, Daedalidae, Melite and Xypete changed over to Demetrias. In line with the other Cleisthenian phyles, C. transferred one deme each to the phyles of Ptolemaïs (224/3 BC), Attalis (200 BC), and Hadrianis (AD 127/8). Instead of eight, only six demes appear in the list of prytanes IG II2 1782 of AD 177/8. …

(Κλεψύδρα; Klepsýdra). [German version] [1] Spring near Messene Spring from which the well named after Arsinoe, the mother of Asclepius, in the agora in Messene was fed (Paus. 4,31,6; 33,1), possibly corresponds to the village spring in Mavromati or a spring below Ithome peak ( Ithome [1]). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. Messene, RE Suppl. 15, 142ff. D. Musti, M. Torelli, Pausania. Guida della Grecia 4, 1991, 252ff. [German version] [2] Spring of the Acropolis of Athens Since the Neolithic period the most important spring of the Acropolis of …

[German version] (Ῥαμνοῦς; Rhamnoûs). Large Attic Paralia-Demos, phyle Aiantis, with eight (twelve) bouleutaí, in the northern section of the east coast of Attica (formerly Ovriokastro). The urban centre of Ῥαμνουσία/ Rhamnousía, strongly fortified during the 4th cent. BC and including a citadel from 413/2 BC [3. 77 f., 80 f.] for the garrison, first documented for 342/1 BC (SEG 43,71), lies on an isolated rocky plateau. Conquered in 295 BC by Demetrius [I 2] Poliorketes, R. soon fell to Athens again and was a base for the a…

(Δημητριάς; Dēmētriás). [German version] [1] City in Magnesia This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Macedonia, Macedones | Education / Culture Established around 290 BC, D. can be considered the most westerly of the large cities created in the Hellenistic period. The Macedonian founder, Demetrius I, gave the city his name. The choice of location in the annexed Thessalian border region of Magnesia, on the territory of Iolcus, was determined by the wish to create a base near the central  Aegean Sea for t…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sparta | Achaeans, Achaea (Σελ(λ)ασία/ Sel(l)asía). Polis (Diod. 15,64,1) of Spartan períoikoi in the Oenus [1] valley about 10 km to the north of Sparta and 5 km to the east of the modern town of S., governing northern access into Laconica. There is evidence of a fortified settlement on the hill of Palaiogoulas with finds from the 5th-2nd cent. BC, and a phroúrion ('fortress') on Mt. Hagios Konstantinos at an elevation of 831 m [1; 3]. S. was destroyed in 389/8 BC by Chabrias, after the battle of Leuctr…

(Ὄλυμπος/Ólympos). Geography: [1-13]. People: [14-15]. [German version] [1] Home of the ›Olympian‹ gods, highest mountain in Greece (Latin Olympus) (Latin Olympus). Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim) Meyer, Ernst (Zürich) [German version] I. Geography The highest mountain in Greece, regarded as the home of the 'Olympian' gods (twelve (Olympian) gods). Its altitude, overlooking all of its surroundings, creates a powerful impression, as do its massive size and density and its dramatic ascent, especially at the east and west, which …

(χαράδρα; charádra). Generic Greek term for non-perennial streams or rivers, or deeply eroded valleys and gorges (Italian torrente, Modern Greek rhevma) [1]. Attic inscriptions of the  Poletai, especially mining leases, mention many charadrai [2]. [German version] [1] Major river in northern Attica Major river in northern Attica, springing from the north-eastern foot of the Parnes and flowing into the plain of Marathon; also called the Marathon stream or the Oenoe [3; 4]. Proverbial in referring to troubles brought upon oneself, as a la…

[German version] (Ἑστιαία; Hestiaía). Attic asty deme of the Aegis phyle, with one bouleutḗs, given the road connexion with Ancyle (Harpocr. s.v. τρικέφαλον) presumably northeast of Athens at Cholargus. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 39, 70, 110 no. 55, table 2 Id., Demos and Trittys, 1986, 127.

[German version] (Κηδοί; Kēdoí). Attic deme of the phyle Erechtheis, two   bouleutaí . Its location is uncertain, hardly near Kara (as in [3]), the finding place of the deme decree IG II2 1212, which apparently was released neither by C. nor by Themacus [4. 392]. Epitaphs point to a possible location east of the  Hymettus range, possibly near Koropi: [1. 100 no. 118, 103 no. 137; 2]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Milchhoefer, Antikenbericht aus Attika, in: MDAI(A) 12, 1887, 81-104 2 Traill, Attica, 7; 38; 69; 110 no. 61, table 1 3 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 125 4 Whi…

[German version] (Τιτακίδαι; Titakídai). Kṓmē in the area of the 'constitutional' Attic deme of Aphidna, which moved with the latter from the phyle of Aeantis [1] (Harpocr. s. v. Τ.; EM s. v. Τ.; Steph. Byz. s. v. Τ.: Antiochis) to Ptolemaïs [10] (IG II2 2050 Z. 74; 2067 Z. 63; [1. 50 no. 18]) in 224/3 BC. T. was not an independent deme until the Roman period. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. H. Oliver, Greek Inscriptions, in: Hesperia 11, 1942, 29-103. Traill, Attica, 30, 88, 122 No. 42  Whitehead, 24 n. 83; 329.

[German version] (Ἰουστινιανόπολις; Ioustinianópolis). Place on the peninsula of Miletus ( Milesia), first mentioned in an inscription of the time of Justinian from the Sacred Way in  Didyma (unpublished). Possibly identical with Didyma, which, however, in Byzantine sources always appears as Tò Hierón (Τὸ Ἱερόν, from this Turkish Jeronda), or with a deserted city discovered in 1995 on the Gulf of Akbük [1. 304f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 H. Lohmann, Survey in der Chora von Milet, in: AA 1997, 285-311.

[German version] [1] Island off the Dalmatian coast Island off the Dalmatian coast opposite Iader (Plin. HN 3,152), modern Ugljan. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, 1969, 206, 208f. [German version] [2] Town in Lycia This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Λίσσα; Líssa). Town attested epigraphically on the south-west coast of Lycia in Asia Minor. Not identical with the place where the inscriptions [3; 6] were found, a Hellenistic tower farmstead in Kızılağaç on Kargın Gölü (different in [1. 520; …

[German version] (Πήληκες; Pḗlēkes). Attic deme in the mesogaia of the phyle Leontis, with two bouleutaí. Along with Cropidae and Eupyridae P. constituted a cultural trikōmía ("three village union"; Steph. Byz. s.v. Εὐπυρίδαι/ Eurypídai; [2. 185 with n. 46]) and was thus probably situated north of the Aegaleos (near modern Chassia? [1. 47]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 47, 62, 69, 111 no. 104, Tab. 4 2 Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Φλύα; Phlýa). Large Attic Mesogeia deme belonging to the Cecropis phyle and from 224/3 BC on to the Ptolemaïs phyle, with five? (six?) bouleutaí; located at modern Chalandri northeast of Athens, bordering Athmonon (IG II2 2776,49). In addition to numerous cults (Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Zeus, Nymphs: Paus. 1,34,4; [1]), rural Dionysia are attested for P. (Isaius 8,15f.). After its destruction by the Persians Themistocles renewed the age-old sanctuary to the 'Great Goddess' attended by the Lycomidae (Plut. Themist…

(Ἑρμός; Hermós). [German version] [1] Att. asty deme of the phyle Acamantis Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, with two bouleutaí. Position: on the ‘Sacred Road’ to Eleusis at the entrance to the pass near modern Daphni, modern Chaidari; there is the tomb of Pythionice, the wife of Harpalus (Plut. Phoc. 22,2; Paus. 1,37,5; [1]). Near Daphni there are funerary inscriptions of Hermeioi: IG II2 6072. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 N. D. Papachatzis, Παυσανίου Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις. Ἀττικά, 1974, 468 with n. 6. W. Kolbe, s.v. H., RE VIII 1, 903 Traill, Attica, 47, 69, 110 no. 5…

(Μαρώνεια; Marṓneia). [German version] [1] North Aegaean city This item can be found on the following maps: Thraci, Thracia | Colonization | Persian Wars | Punic Wars | Athenian League (Second) | Education / Culture North Aegaean city on the southwest slopes of the Ismarus, today's Maronia. Founded by Chios (1st half of the 7th cent. BC; Scyl. 678) in the tribal lands of the Cicones. Mythography associates M. with the Homeric Márōn (Hom. Od. 9,197); first mentioned by Hecat. FGrH 1 F 159. The most important occupations were viticulture and sheep breeding. As of 529 …

[German version] [1] Boeotian city (Κορώνεια; Korṓneia). Boeotian city 2 km east of modern Agios Georgios, c. 4 km north of modern C. (formerly Kutumala) on a low promontory (244 m) on the south-eastern edge of a very fertile plain stretching northwards as far as the southern shore of the former Lake  Copais, then south of C., narrowing to a valley, reaching deep into the northern side of the  Helicon [1] and opening up access to an important pass crossing to Thisbe in Boeotia. In the north-eastern part of the…

[German version] (Ἰφιστιάδαι; Iphistiádai). Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, providing one bouleutes. A plot of land owned by Plato was immediately adjacent in the south to the Herakleion of I. (Diog. Laert. 3,41), which according to a horos-inscription (IG II2 2611) is to be located 4 km southwest of Cephisia on the southwestern edge of the modern Iraklion (formerly Arakli) and which has retained its ancient name [1; 2; 3. 47]. An eponymous hero Iphistius is confirmed in Hesychius s.v. Ἰ. [4. 210]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Klaffenbach, Zwei neue Horosstein…

[German version] (Ὑβάνδα; Hybánda). Former island in the  Icarian Sea (Plin. HN 2,91), modern Özbaşı 13.5 km south of Söke, which rises about 70 m above the  Maiandrou pedion. The Maeander [2], 1 km southeast of Özbaşı, today follows the ancient coast line. The extent of Hybandis, the chṓra of H., is uncertain. In the east it extended to the river Hybandus (modern Kargın Çayı), which a peace agreement fixed in 185/80 BC as the boundary between Miletus [2] and Magnesia [2] [1; 2]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Herrmann, Neue Urkunden zur Geschichte von Milet im 2. Jh. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Λύδαι; Lýdai). Place in Lycia (see map) on the south-west coast of Asia Minor on the Gulf of Telmessus, 2,4 km west of Fethiye (Ptol. 5,3,2; GGM 1, 494f. no. 259f., Κλύδαι; Klýdai). The identification has been secured by inscriptions (TAM 2,1 no. 41, 49). Extended Imperial and early Byzantine ruins on the cape Kapı Dağ (possibly the ancient Cape Artemisium: Str. 14,2,2) as well as the nearby Tersane Adası. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography G. E. Bean, s.v. L., PE, 536 Id., Kleinasien 4, 1980, 43-45 P. Roos, Topograp…

[German version] (Φηγοῦς; Phēgoûs). Attic mesogeia (?) deme of the Erechtheis phyle, with one bouleutḗs. Demotikon Φηγούσιος/ Phēgoúsios (Steph. Byz. s.v. Φ.). Location unknown. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 38, 62, 70, 112 Nr. 110, Tab. 1  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Πίθος). Attic Mesogeia deme of the Cecropis phyle with three (four or five) bouleutaí, probably in the northeast of Chalandri. There is evidence of Thesmophória in P. (Isaeus 8,19f.). P formed an association with the neighbouring demes of Gargettus and Pallene [3] for the cult of Athena Pallenis. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 51, 59, 62, 68, 112 Nr. 115, Tab. 7  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 4, 11, 13f., 21f., 24f., 13534  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Λουσία; Lousía). Attic deme of the asty trittys of the phyle Oineis and its eponymous heroine (Steph. Byz. s.v. Λ.) [1], one bouleutḗs. Presumably located in the Kephissos valley west of Athens. Funerary inscriptions of a ‘ Lousieus’ in Hag. Theodoroi in Nea Liossia (IG II2 6756); earth for the building of the Eleusinion of Athens came from L. (IG II2 1672 l. 195). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead, 210. Traill, Attica, 49, 69, 111 no. 86 table 6 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 133 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisth…

[German version] (Πρόσπαλτα/ Próspalta). Attic mesogeia deme, phyle Akamantis, from 224/3 BC Ptolemaïs, with five bouleutaí, located at Enneapyrgi northwest of Kalivia Kuvaras, the site where several funerary inscriptions of Prospáltioi were found (IG II2 7306; 7311; [2. 129, 1292]). Pausanias mentions a sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at P. (Paus. 1,31,1). IG II2 4817 (site: Hagios Petros) was probably transported here from Myrrhinus, where the cult of Artemis Kolainis is attested [1. 9 ff.]. Eupolis criticizes Pericles' war policy in the comedy Prospáltioi (the inhabitants o…

[German version] Terracing is used worldwide in settlement areas with considerably variable surface relief to extend the usable agricultural area and increase yields, and to this day it characterizes the appearance of many Greek landscapes. By reshaping steep slopes into a number of gently sloping or horizontal steps, water retention is improved, root formation is promoted, soil erosion is retarded and working the land is made easier. Most terraces in the Mediterranean may have their origin in the…

[German version] (Ἐρχία; Erchía). Attic mesogeia deme of the Aegeis phyle; the modern Spata. Seven (six)  bouleutai, eleven after 307/6 BC. Xenophon (Diog. Laert. 2,48) and Isocrates (Steph. Byz. s.v. E.) were demótai of E.; Alcibiades possessed 300 plethra ( c. 26.5 ha.) of land in E. The lex sacra of E. from Pussiri south of Spata (SEG 21, 541; [1-7]) lists 59 annual sacrifices at a total cost of 547 drachmas. 21 of the 46 cults are generally situated in the territory of E. (Ἐρχι, Ἐρχιᾶ, Ἐρχιᾶσιν): one on the agora of E.; nine of them ἐμ Πάγῳ, i.e. on a hill at E., which Vanderpool…

[German version] (Ἁλιμοῦς; Halimoûs). Attic asty-deme of the phyle Leontis, with three   bouleutaí (for population size [4. 286]), according to Str. 9,1,21 located on the west coast of Attica between Phalerum and Aexone 35 stadia (= 6.2 km) from the city (Dem. Or. 57,10). H., which bordered Euonymon in the east, lay near the modern Halimos and Hagios Kosmas, the ancient cape  Colias with the sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros and Kore (Paus. 1,31,1; Hsch. s.v. Κωλιάς; [1-3]; prehistorical s…

(Εἰτέα; Eitéa). [German version] [1] Attic asty (?) deme of the phyle Acamantis Attic asty(?) deme of the phyle Acamantis, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of Antigonis, from AD 126/7 that of Hadrianis. Two bouleutai. The location is unknown (north-east Attica? [3. 140-142]). The fact that it belonged to the city trittys of Acamantis is deduced from the inscriptions [1] and IG II2 2363 ([2. 101]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 B. D. Meritt, J. S. Traill, in: Agora 15, 50ff. no. 42 2 J. S. Traill, Diakris, the Inland Trittys of Leontis, in: Hesperia 47, 1978, 89-109 3 Id., Demos and Trit…

[German version] (Πλώθεια/ Plṓtheia; demoticon Πλωθεεύς/ Plōtheeús, Πλωθειεύς/ Plōtheieús, from the 4th century BC Πλωθεύς/ Plōtheús). A small Attic asty-deme, phyle of Aigeis, one bouleutḗs (later two). Its site to the southwest of modern Stamata on the northeastern slopes of Mount  Pentelicon is certain from votive inscriptions (IG II2 4607, 4885, 4916). The deme decree IG I3 258 (425/413 BC, ex IG II2 1172) governs finances, and attests to a dḗmarchos [3], tamíai ( tamías ) and cults of Apollo, Aphrodite and the Dioscuri (Anaces). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attic…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θυμαιτάδαι; Thymaitádai). Attic asty deme of the Hippothontis phyle, two bouleutaí, probably to the northwest of Piraeus on the Bay of Keratsini, modern Ormos Erakleus. With Piraeus, Phaleron and Xypete, T. formed the tetrákōmoi cult federation (Poll. 4,105; IG II2 3102 f.) with a central sanctuary to Heracles (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἐχελίδαι). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 21, 52, 69, 112 No. 138, Tab. 8.

[German version] [1] Common designation for glens and gorges (αὐλών; aulṓn) Common designation for glens and gorges: 13 instances in [1], 17 in [2]. Ath. 5,189 documents for Attica several hieroi Aulones (‘sacred aulones’), but only that of Dionysus is known [3]. The south Attic Aulon, a small mining area, appears in several mining lease certificates and possibly lay in the territory of the deme  Phrearrhii [4]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Pape/Benseler 1, 176 2 A. Milchhoefer, s.v. A., RE 2, 2413ff. 3 J. Jessen, s.v. Auloneus, RE 2, 2415 4 H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993, 53, …

[German version] [1] Region in Greece (ἡ Ἀττική; hē Attikḗ). [German version] A. Landscape Easternmost landscape of central Greece, which, as a triangular peninsula, protrudes to the south-east between the Euboean Sea and the Saronic Gulf. A. borders Megara in the west,  Boeotia in the north. More than 40 per cent of the surface of A. (2530 km2) is composed of mountains: in the north Cithaeron (1407 m) is the border to Boeotia, where the Megalo Vuno and Mount Parnes (1413 m) continue eastward, also the Hymettus (1026 m) and Pentelicon (1108 m). Moun…

[German version] (Φηγαία/ Phēgaía, Φηγαιά/ Phēgaiá; demotikon Φηγαιεύς/ Phēgaieús). Attic p aralia deme of the phyle of Aigeis, from AD 127/8 of Hadrianis, with three (four) bouleutaí on the east coast of Attica (near what is today Draphi [3. 335] or Ierotsakuli? [1. 82 with note 12]). It was not an independent dêmos, but a kṓmē ('village community'; of Stiria?) that was established by the people of Phegaea, as included in the list of demes IG II2 2362 as one of the demes of Pandionis (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Φ.) [2. 55, 57ff.]. IG II2 1932,14f. shows evidence of cults of Hercules and th…

[German version] (Κεραμεῖς; Kerameîs). Attic asty deme of the phyle Acamantis, six   bouleutaí . Provenance from this deme is expressed by ἐκ Κεραμέων ( ek Keraméōn). Sources [1. LXXf.] consistently refer to the place as  Kerameikos. This was called the most beautiful of Athenian suburbs (Thuc. 2,34,5;  Athens, map), and was located inside -- and to the northwest outside -- the Dipylon Gate between Sacred Way to Eleusis and the road to the Academy. The hóroi Kerameíkou alongside the latter (IG II2 2617-2619) probably marked the deme border, contrary to [2. 167; 5. 300; 6. 29109; 7] (for…

[German version] [1] City in the 4th upper Egyptian nome This item can be found on the following maps: Egypt | Commerce | Egypt The Egyptian Thebes, city in the 4th upper Egyptian nome. Quack, Joachim (Berlin) [German version] I. Names Actually Ws.t ('the strong'), from which derived, no later than the 17th dynasty, a female personification Ws.t nḫt.tj ('victorious Thebes'). Beginning with the Middle Kingdom ( c. 1990-1630 BC), often called simply njw.t, 'the city (par excellence)' - from which also the Hebrew form no (Ez 30:14 f.; Jer 46:25; Nahum 3:8) and Assyrian Ne [10. 260] -- o…

[German version] (Ἀτήνη; Atḗnē). Attic paralia deme of average size (three   bouleutai ) of the phyle Antiochis on the south-west tip of Attica; name pre-Greek. Thus far the only deme which has been examined completely within its ancient borders. A. borders Anaphlystus in the north,  Amphitrope in the east (border inscription on the Megalo Baphi). The area of the deme covers, with the valleys of Charaka, Hagia Photini and Thimari, as well as the island Gaidouronisi, around 20 km2, of which only 22% (= 440 ha.) is agriculturally useful. In prehistoric times still not settl…

[German version] (Ἐπικηφισία; Epikēphisía). Attic asty deme of the phyle Oeneis. One (or two) bouleut(ai). The approximate location of E. in the Cephissus valley at  Laciadae is evident from the name and the site where the decree on deme was found IG II2 1205 at Dipylon, see [1. 40]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes, 1982. Traill, Attica 19, 49, 69, 110 no. 40, table 6 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 133 Whitehead, Index s.v. E.

(Ποσείδιον/ Poseídion). [German version] [1] Sanctuary of Poseidon Samios on the coast of Triphylia Sanctuary of Poseidon Samios with a busy harbour on the coast of Triphylia (probably meant in  Hom. Od. 3,4 ff.; Str. 8,3,13; 3,16 f.; 3,20) in the Klidi coastal pass at the foot of the Kaiapha mountains, exact location not known. The P. was once the central sanctuary of Triphylia with a festival of its own. The cult statue of Poseidon at the time of Pausanias (2nd cent. AD) was in Elis [2] (Paus. 6,25,6). Samicum Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography R. Baladié, Le Péloponnèse de Strabon, 198…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Mycenaean culture and archaeology | Attica (Βραυρών; Braurṓn), now Vraona. Prehistoric settlement and sanctuary of Artemis on the east coast of Attica at the mouth of the Erasinus that became marshy owing to land subsidence. According to Philochorus in Str. 9,1,22 (FGrH 328 F 94), one of the 12 poleis of the Attic Dodecapolis. Home of Peisistratus, probably therefore it did not become an independent demos in the Cleisthenian reforms but part of Philai…

(Μελίτη; Melítē). [German version] [1] Oceanid Oceanid, playmate of Persephone's (Hom. H. 2, 419). Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [German version] [2] Nereid Nereid (Hom. Il. 18,42; Hes. Theog. 247; Verg. Aen. 5,825). She is present on Attic vases at the struggle between Peleus and Thetis [1]. Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [German version] [3] Naiad Naiad ( Nymphs), daughter of the river-god Aegaeus. When Hercules comes to the land of the Phaeacians to atone for the murder of his children, he fathers a son, Hyllus [2], by M. (Apoll. Rhod. 4,537ff.). Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [German version] [4] Lover of Hercules Dau…

[German version] (Κοίλη, also Κοιλή; Koílē, Koilḗ). Attic asty Deme of the phyle Hippothontis, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of the Demetrias, with three bouleutaí, in the originally densely populated ‘rocky Athens’, which was, however, abandoned already in the 4th cent. BC [5], south-west of the Pnyx between the hill of nymphs and the Mouseion, near the Melitian gate [2. 168f.] at the koilḕ hodós [2. 180], where the tombs of  Cimon [1] (Hdt. 6,103) and the historian Thucydides (Marcellinus, Vita Thucydidis 17,55; Paus. 1,23,9) lay. C. offers one of the best pres…

(ἡ Μιλησίη/ hē Milēsíē, Str. 14,1,8; ἡ Μιλησίη χώρα/ hē Milēsíē chōra, Hdt. 5,29). [German version] A. Geography Peninsula of Miletus [2] between the Latmian Gulf in the north and the Gulf of Akbük ( basilicus sinus, Mela 1,16-17; Plin. HN 5,112) in the south, not identical with the entire polis territory of Miletus, which changed repeatedly [2. 13ff.]. After its exploration had been initiated by Th. Wiegand [13; 14], M. and the development of its landscape have been systematically investigated since 1992 [1; 4; 5; 6]. Sections of the eastern upland settled by Cares (Carians), Milesia Hyper…

[German version] I. General The construction of a network of roads and ways and the creation of long-distance roads always correlates with settlement construction and structure. A mixed settlement structure comprises compact settlements and dispersed homesteads in large number and is in evidence across wide areas of the ancient world for the most varied epochs. Such a settlement structure produces an especially dense network of traffic routes. Ancient roads were staked out on the principle of creati…