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[German version] (Δαγισθαῖος; Dagisthaîos). As a young Roman commander D., who probably was of Gothic origin, unsuccessfully besieged Persian-occupied Petra in the area of the Lazi in AD 548/9 (Procop. Pers. 2,29 especially 33-43). On account of this he was later taken to court under Justinian on the charge of pro-Persian sentiments and arrested by the emperor (Procop. Goth. 4,9,1-4). For the Narses campaign to Italy he was released from custody and took part in the decisive battle against Totila a…

[German version] (Erelieva, Hereleuva). Concubina of the Amal Thiudimer, mother of  Theoderic the Great (Iord. Get. 269); for the legal position of marriage [1. 262]; for her origins, Anon. Val. 58: Gothic lady; but differing [1. 263]: possibly of provincial Roman origin. E. accompanied her son on his military campaigns (Malchus fr. 18, FHG 4, 130) and was honoured for that by Ennodius (Ennod. MGH (AA) 7,208). At a Catholic baptism, she was given the name Eusebia (Anon. Val. 58) and maintained conta…

[German version] (Gunderic). In AD 406 G. was chosen as king of the Vandal Hasdingians after the death of his father  Godigiselus; he united his troops with the Alani under Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), defeated the Franks and by the end of 406 crossed the Rhine. Without facing organized resistance, he plundered Gaul (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), crossed the Pyrenees in 409 (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) and secured for himself the east of th…

[German version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Son of  Gundobad, after the death of his brother Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) in AD 524 he was elevated to the position of king of the Burgundians (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). He defeated the Franks under Chlodomer at Vienne on 25 June 524, entered in 530 into an alliance with  Amalasuntha and bought the freedom of prisoners of war (CIL XII 2584). In 533 the Franks under Chlothachar and Childebert defeated G. at Autun and in 534 divided up the Burgundian kingdom amongst themselves (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bie…

[German version] (δυναστεία; dynasteía, cf. also δυνάστης; dynástēs, ‘Ruler’). Derived from δύνασθαι; dýnasthai, ‘to be capable’, ‘to be able’; ‘to have influence’, ‘to be wealthy’ [1. 116]. Dynasteia was primarily the rule ( rulership) of a small, influential group, within which high offices were inherited. Two basic levels of meaning are to be distinguished for dynasteia: in the first of them, its character as the term for a group of rulers or an individual ruler expresses more the original sense of the word; in the second the inheritance of lea…

[German version] A Canninefate, who deserted from Roman service and together with the Chauci laid waste to Lower Germania and the Gallic bank of the Rhine after the death of  Sanquinius Maximus, the governor of Lower Germania, in AD 47. The new governor  Domitius [II 11] Corbulo drove G. away and restored order. When he had G. murdered by a ruse, unrest again broke out among the Chauci, causing Claudius to pull the advance troops back to the west bank of the Rhine (Tac. Ann. 11,18f.). PIR2 G 73. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Dintzic, Greek Δεγγιζίχ, Δινζίριχος; Dengizích, Dinzírichos). Son of Attila, king of the Huns; after the latter's death D. assembled an army from the elements of the Hun empire that were still under his control, to fight the Goths. He was, however, defeated at Bassianae (Pannonia) by the Goths (probably after AD 456/57, Iord. Get. 272f.). He later conducted several wars against the Romans but was killed in 469 by the mag. mil. per Thracias Anagestes (Prisc. fr. 36 [FHG 4,107f.]; Chron. pasch. 323d Dindorf). PLRE 354f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Boch…

[German version] (ἐπαρχία; eparchía). Territorial administrative unit in Hellenistic states. In the Seleucid kingdom, Antiochus [5] III especially supported the setting up of smaller provinces in order to prevent power concentrations in the areas of individual satraps, as for example  Molon (222 BC). Polybius describes their head, who evidently had military and civil power, as éparchos or stratēgós (Pol. 5,46,7; 48,14); however his terminology is misleading since from the middle of the 2nd cent. BC on, eparchia started taking on the meaning of Lat . provincia (cf. SIG3 683,55 and …

[German version] (Fravitus). Tervingian army commander in the service of Rome, married to a Roman woman. In support of maintaining the Roman alliance with the Goths of AD 382, he killed Eriulf in 391 at the court of Theodosius I (Zos. 4,56,1-3; Eunapius fr. 60 FHG 4,41). In about 400 as the magister militum on behalf of Arcadius he prevented Gaenas from crossing the Hellespont (Zos. 5,20-21; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 8,4,19-21) and was rewarded for it in 401 with the consulate (Eunapius fr. 82 FHG 4,50). Around 403/4, however, he was accused of allowing …

Messapic name in Lat. form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Respected bearers of that name in Apulia (in particular from Arpi and Sala) were still anti-Roman during the Second Punic War. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] Commander of Clastidium against Hannibal D. from Brundisium, in 218 BC commander of the allied occupation forces of  Clastidium with large Roman stores which he betrayed to Hannibal after the victory at the Ticinus for 400 pieces of gold (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Leader of the pro-Carthaginian p…

[German version] Epigraphy, from Greek ἐπιγράφειν ( epigráphein, ‘to write on something’). The term refers to ancient texts that were documented on various, mostly permanent materials (stone, bronze, etc.), as well as to the respective sub-discipline of archaeology.  Inscriptions; Epigraphy Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Γάννυς; Gánnys). G. was raised in the house of  Iulia Maesa and had a relationship with her daughter  Iulia Soaemias, who made him the tutor of her son  Elagabalus [2] (Cass. Dio 79,6,1f. Boissevain). G. and  Valerius Comazon had the troops elevate Elagabalus to emperor in Emesa in May AD 218 (Cass. Dio 78,31,2-4). Despite a lack of military experience, G. defeated  Macrinus in June, but was eliminated in the winter of 218-219 by Elagabalus, who had toyed with the idea of marrying…

[German version] (H)ermanaricus (also Ermenrichus, Hermenerig). King of the East Goths who, as the first historically documented  Amal, already belongs to the 10th generation of the Amal family tree (Iord. Get. 79 from Cassiodorus). He was the youngest son of Achiulf, brother of Ansila, Ediulf and Vultuulf, and was regarded as the founder of the ‘younger’ family line which, in AD 515, rejoined the 'older' line, founded by Vultuulf, as a result of the marriage of  Eutharicus with  Amalasuntha (Iord…

[German version] (Ἐπικτήτα; Epiktḗta). Widow of the aristocrat Phoenix from Thera. Under the instruction of her son Andragoras, who died two years after his father, she completed the construction of a shrine to the Muses (mouseion) that Phoenix had started, as a memorial to their son Cratesilochus, but had not been able to finish. In her will (early 2nd cent. BC, preserved epigraphically: IG XII 3,330, l. 1-108), E. entrusted the mouseion to her ‘heiress’ (  epikleros ) daughter Epiteleia. In the will she provided for the setting up of an association o…

[German version] (Godigisel, Godegisel). Burgundian king, son of  Gundiok, lived from c. AD 474 in Geneva, always in the shadow of his older brother  Gundobad (Ennod. Vita Epiphanii 174). In 500, together with the king of the Franks, Chlodovechus ( Clovis I), he defeated Gundobad at Dijon, but in 501 he was killed by the latter when Chlodovechus had to turn against the Visigoths (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,32f; Chron. min. 2,234 Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography PLRE 2, 516 (Godigisel 2) Stein, Spätröm. R., 2, 144 with n. 2.

[German version] [1] U. Marciana See Marciana. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1a] U. Plotina Named in the year AD 69 on a tabula cerata from Herculaneum. She may have been a sister of M. Ulpius [12] Traianus and hence a maternal aunt of the later emperor Traianus [1] (AE 1993, 461). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] U. Severina Wife of Aurelianus [3] (SHA Aurelian. 50,2), elevated to Augusta probably in AD 274 (CIL III 472; V 29; V 3330; IX 2327; AE 1927,81; 1934,44), mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (AE 1930, 150). Daughter of Ulpius [4] Crinitus (?) …

[German version] Grandson of Berimund of the Amal dynasty, called to Italy by Theoderic the Great in AD 515 and married to  Amalasuntha in order to secure the succession (Iord. Get. 298). He was later adopted by Justin as his son-at-arms, received Roman citizenship; at the assumption of his consulate in 519 ─ on the occasion of which Cassiodorus had written a speech (MGH AA 12,465ff.) and probably also compiled his chronicle ─, he was called Flavius E. Cillica (CIL VI 32003). When he responded rig…

[German version] (Genzon). Son of  Geisericus, brother of Hunericus, father of Gunthamundus, Gelaridus, and Thrasamund (Procop. Vand. 1,5,11; 8,6-8; 9,6). In AD 468, he participated in the naval battle against  Basiliscus (Procop. Vand. 1,6,24), only to die in 477, preceding his father in death. PLRE 2,502-503 (Genton 1). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] [1] Wife of Caesar Daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (Suet. Iul. 21). On the Ides of March AD 44, she pleaded urgently with her husband Caesar to stay away from the Senate session (Suet. Iul. 81,3; Plut. Caes. 63,8-12; Cass. Dio 44,17,1; Val. Max. 1,7,2; Vell. Pat. 2,57,2). Caesar had married the 18-year-old for political reasons in 59 BC (Plut. Caes. 14,8; Pomp. 47,10; App. B Civ. 2,51; Cass. Dio 38,9,1, [1. 75 A.46]). Their marriage remained childless [2. 466]. After Caesar's death, C. transferred his assets to Mark Antony (Plut. Ant. 15; App. B Civ. 2,524). Stroth…

[German version] A unified notion of peace, comparable to the modern concept, was unknown in Antiquity. Eirene; Koine Eirene; Pax. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] [1] Daughter of the Roman king Servius Tullius [I 4] Daughter of the Roman king Servius Tullius [I 4], the son-in-law of Tarquinius [11] Priscus, she was married to her uncle Arruns. Having failed in her attempts to talk Arruns into assuming rulership, T. turned towards Arruns' brother Tarquinius (the later Tarquinius [12] Superbus), husband of her sister of the same name. After the death of Arruns and of her sister (by murder?; Liv. 1,46,9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,30,1), T. married Tarquini…

[German version] (Gesalech; also Gesalecus, Gisaleicus). Illegitimate son of  Alaricus [3] II; after the latter's death at Vouillé in AD 507 he was elected king of the Visigoths, as his legitimate half-brother  Amalaricus, grandson of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic, was still a minor (Procop. Goth. 5,12,43). G. was soon forced to retreat to Spain by the Burgundians and Franks (Chron. min. 1,665f. Mommsen). When Theoderic contested his leadership on behalf of Amalaricus (Procop. Goth. 5,12,46), G. …

[German version] Dux ( reiks) of the  Tervingi; in AD 376, with the permission of  Valens and under threat from the Huns, he led his tribe as dediticii (  deditio ) across the Danube to Thrace (Amm. Marc. 31,4,8; Iord. Get. 134), where the Arian won over parts of the indigenous population. After conflicts with the Romans the Goths defeated the Romans on 9 Sept. 378 in the battle of Hadrianople (Amm. Marc. 31,6,3-5; 11,5; 12,8 [1. 133-139]). F., who was not able to take advantage of the victory because his …

[German version] [1] Mother of Cicero Mother of Cicero, never mentioned by him, described by his brother as a painstaking housewife (Cic. Fam. 16,26,2), led a blameless life (Plut. Cicero 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Wife of Seneca the Elder, 1st cent. AD Wife of Seneca the Elder whom she lost in AD 40 (Sen. Dial. 12,2,4; 19,4).  Seneca the Younger, one of her three sons, wrote for her in exile the consolatory discourse Ad Helviam. PIR2 H 78. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [3] Sister-in-law of Seneca the Elder, 1st cent. AD Elder sister of H. [2]. Her…

[German version] An inscription in archaic Latin on the so-called ‘Vasculum Dresselianum’, a ceramic vessel discovered in Rome, south-east of the Quirinal, in 1880 by H. Dressel. The triangular object with rounded tips and concave sides (length of sides: 10,3-10,5 cm; max. height: 4,5 cm; cf. [1. 55]) has a round opening at each tip. The inscription is on the outer side, written in three lines to be read from right to left (see fig.; other fig. in [1; 2. 134f., 140]; a version of transcription in [3. 70]). The dating of the text ranges from the 7th to the late 3rd cent. BC; ar…

[German version] [1] Possibly daughter of Q. Marcius Philippus (cos. 281 BC) Possibly daughter of Q. Marcius [I 16] Philippus ( cos. 281 BC), wife of M. Atilius [I 21] Regulus, mother of two sons (Sil. Pun. 6,403-409; 576). As a widow she allegedly took revenge on two Carthaginians who had promised to protect her husband (Diod. Sic. 24,12; HRR I 144f. fr. 5). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Caesar According to Suet. Iul. 6,1 from the royal family of the Marcii Reges, grandmother of Caesar. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [3] Probably daughter of…

[German version] [1] Roman goddess and personification of victory Roman goddess and personification of victory, etymologically derived from vincere, "to be victorious" [5. 2501]. In contrast to Nike, her Greek counterpart whom she followed closely in her personification and iconography (as winged goddess, often with cornucopia, wreath and palm leaf: [4. 239-269]), V. was worshipped early and independently in her cult as the symbol of victory achieved (mostly militarily, therefore the close connection to Mars, according to CIL III 4412; VII 220; V. in the pompa circensis: Cic. A…

Cognomen, the origin of which is given in a story by Plutarch (Coriolanus 11,4); also a nickname [1. 66,248]. [German version] [1] Military tribune Military tribune who intervened in Judaea against internal Jewish disturbances. Sent for judgement to Rome, he was returned to Jerusalem by the emperor and there beheaded (Ios. Ant. Iud. 20,132-136; Bell. Iud. 2,244-246). PIR C 617. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Legatus iuridicus 92 AD In AD 92 legatus Augusti pro praetore Hispaniae cit. or legatus iuridicus (Mart. 7,52,1-4). PIR C 620. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) …

[German version] Son of Hunimund the Elder, first Gothic king under Hunnish rule. In AD 376 he helped the Hunnish king Balamber to victory over the Amalian Vinitharius (Iord. Get. 248). Perhaps identical to Gensimund, who, although the kingship was offered to him as Amalian magister militum, declined in favour of the legitimate successors (Cassiod. Var. 8,9). PLRE 2,510 and [1. 26f.] consider the two to be identical; contrary [2. 254f.]. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Heather, Goths and Romans 332-489, 1991 2 H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 31990.

(Δάοχος; Dáochos). [German version] [1] D.I. Tagos of the Thessalian koinon 431-404 BC from Pharsalus, son of Agias, was the   tagos of the Thessalian koinon for 27 years ( c. 431-404 BC?); his tageia was reputedly a time of peace and prosperity (Syll.3 273) [1. 110f.]. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] D. II. Thessalian, envoy of Philip II 338 BC high-ranking Thessalian, grandson of D. [1]. In 338 BC, Philip II sent him together with others to the Thebans to procure support against Athens (Pol. 18,4,4; Dem. Or. 18,211…

[German version] (Gundovech). King of the Burgundians in AD 457-470, from the family of  Athanaric [1. 44], married a sister of Ricimer (Malalas 374-75; Johannes Antiochenus fr. 209), his sons are Gundobad, Godigisclus, Chilperic and Godomer (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,28). As an ally of Theoderic II he attacked in 455 with his brother Chilperic I the Suebians in Gaul and settled there after the victory of Theoderic in 457. In 463 he was magister utriusque militiae (per Gallias); in the same year he informed Pope Hilarius about the irregular administration of the bishop of  Vienna (Hilarius Ep…

[German version] (also Eurichus, Euarix). King of the Visigoths in AD 466-484, son of Theoderic I, succeeded to the throne after the murder of his brother Theoderic II (Iord. Get. 190; Hydatius Lemiensis 237). E.'s reign was marked by the constant endeavour to expand the area of his kingdom (originally Aquitania II, Novempopulana and parts of Narbonensis I) and to weaken the dependence on Rome, which is clear from the termination of the   foedus with the Romans. From 468 he advanced against the Suebi and in the following years conquered almost the e…

[German version] [1] First priestess of Fortuna Muliebris, 5th cent. BC Sister of P. Valerius [I 45] Poplicola, said to have saved Rome in 488 BC from Coriolanus (Plut. Coriolanus 33; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 8,39; 8,43,1 f.); first priestess of Fortuna Muliebris (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 8,55,3-5; Fortuna B.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography Latte, 181. [German version] [2] Daughter of P. Valerius [I44], ca. 500 BC Daughter of P. Valerius [I 44] (elected belatedly cos. for the year 509 BC), sent to Porsenna with 19 other hostages (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,32,3). They …

[German version] [1] F. Two daughters of the patrician Ambustus with the same name Two daughters of the patrician Ambustus with the same name. The younger one had married the plebeian Licinius Stolo whilst the older one had married the patrician Ser. Sulpicius, who was able to hold high state offices because of his origin. When the messenger announced his arrival by knocking loudly on the front door, the younger F. was startled and the older one mocked her. Traditionally the incident is said to have led to th…

[German version] (Ἐράριχος; Erárichos). A Rugian, AD 541 king of the Ostrogoths in succession to Ildibad. Officially, E. negotiated with Justinian a withdrawal of the Goths to the region north of the Po, but secretly he offered to abandon the whole of Italy in return for a large sum of money and the status of patricius. While his ambassadors were still negotiating, E. was eliminated after having reigned for only five months; his successor was Totila (Procop. Goth. 3,2; Jord. Rom. 378f.; Chron. min. 2,106f. Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

(Δάοχος). [English version] [1] D.I. Vorsteher des thessalischen Koinon 431-404 v.Chr. aus Pharsalos, Sohn des Agias, stand als Tagos 27 Jahre lang dem thessalischen Koinon vor (ca. 431-404 v.Chr.?); seine Tageia galt als Phase des Friedens und Wohlstandes (Syll.3 273) [1. 110f.]. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] D. II. Thessaler, Gesandter Philipps II. 338 v.Chr. vornehmer Thessaler, Enkel von D. [1]. Philipp II. sandte ihn 338 v.Chr. zusammen mit anderen zu den Thebanern, um Unterstützung gegen Athen zu erwi…

[English version] (Fravitus). Terwingischer Heerführer in röm. Dienst, mit einer Römerin verheiratet. Als Verfechter der Einhaltung des röm. Bündnisses mit den Goten von 382 n.Chr. tötete er 391 am Hof des Theodosius I. Eriulf (Zos. 4,56,1-3; Eunapios fr. 60 FHG 4,41). Um 400 verhinderte er als magister militum im Auftrag des Arcadius den Übergang des Gainas über den Hellespont (Zos. 5,20-21; Soz. 8,4,19-21) und wurde dafür 401 mit dem Consulat belohnt (Eunapios fr. 82 FHG 4,50). Um 403/4 jedoch angeklagt, er habe Gainas entkommen lassen, wu…

[English version] Ostgote, comes Syracusanae civitatis im J. 526/7 n.Chr., Befehlshaber über die Provinz Sicilia, bekannt aus zwei Briefen des Athalaricus (Cassiod. var. 9,11; 14), der dort dem comes Gotharum G. aufgrund von Mißständen in der Steuererhebung und in Rechtsentscheidungen mit Amtsenthebung drohte. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] [1] Mutter Ciceros Mutter Ciceros, von ihm selbst nirgends ewähnt, von seinem Bruder als penible Hausfrau bezeichnet (Cic. fam. 16,26,2), führte ein tadelloses Leben (Plut. Cicero 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] Frau Senecas d.Ä., 1. Jh. n. Chr. Frau Senecas d.Ä., den sie 40 n.Chr. verlor (Sen. dial. 12,2,4; 19,4). Seneca d. J., einer ihrer drei Söhne, schrieb im Exil für sie die Trostschrift Ad Helviam. PIR2 H 78. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [3] Schwägerin Senecas d.Ä., 1. Jh. n. Chr. Ältere Schwester von H. [2]. Ihr Ehe…

[English version] (Ἐράριχος). Rugier, 541 n.Chr. König der Ostgoten als Nachfolger des Ildibad. E. verhandelte offiziell mit Iustinian über einen Abzug der Goten in das Gebiet nördl. des Po, bot aber insgeheim die Aufgabe ganz Italiens für eine hohe Geldsumme und die patricius-Würde an. Noch während der Verhandlungen seiner Gesandten wurde E. nach nur fünfmonatiger Regierung beseitigt; sein Nachfolger wurde Totila (Prok. BG 3,2; Iord. Rom. 378f.; Chron. min. 2,106f. Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

(Friderich). [English version] [1] Sohn des Westgotenkönigs Theoderich I., Mitherrscher des Theoderich II. um 450 n. Chr. Sohn des Westgotenkönigs Theoderich I., Bruder und Mitherrscher des Theoderich II., dem er 453 n.Chr. nach der Ermordung des ältesten Bruders Thorismud zum Thron verhalf (Chron. min. 1,483; 2,27 Mommsen; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,7); nach erfolgreichen Kämpfen gegen spanische Bagauden (wohl als magister militum, vgl. Chron. min. 2,27; dazu [1. 690f.]) war er 455 an der Erhebung des Avitus [1] zum Kaiser beteiligt (Sidon. carm. 7,391ff.; 435…

[English version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Sohn des Gundobad, nach dem Tod seines Bruders Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) 524 n.Chr. zum König der Burgunden erhoben (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). Er besiegte die Franken unter Chlodomer bei Vienne am 25.6.524, knüpfte 530 ein Bündnis mit Amalasuntha und kaufte Kriegsgefangene frei (CIL XII 2584). 533 besiegten die Franken unter Chlothachar und Childebert G. bei Autun und teilten 534 das burgundische Reich unter sich auf (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Eine Tochter des Ap. Claudius Caecus, 3. Jh. v.Chr. Eine der Töchter des Ap. Claudius Caecus. Ihr im Gedränge laut geäußerter Wunsch, ihr Bruder P. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 249 v.Chr.) möge leben und abermals eine Seeschlacht verlieren, damit die Masse des Pöbels abnehme, brachte ihr eine hohe Geldstrafe ein (Ateius Capito bei Gell. 10,6; Liv. per. 19; Suet. Tib. 2,3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography R.A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1992, 19-20. [English version] [I 2] Tochter des Ap. Claudius Pulcher, Frau …

[English version] [1] Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, verheiratet mit L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. Sie überlebte ihren 48 v. Chr. gefallenen Mann und starb hochgeachtet vor dem August 45; nach dem Vorbild des M. (Terentius?) Varro und eines Ollius widmete Cicero ihr ein Elogium (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr. Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr.; zuerst mit M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus, in zweiter Ehe seit ca. 44 v. Chr. mi…

[English version] (H)ermanaricus (auch Ermenrichus, Hermenerig). König der Ostgoten, gehört als erster histor. faßbarer Amaler bereits der 10. Generation des Amalerstammbaums an (Iord. Get. 79 aus Cassiodor). Er war der jüngste Sohn des Achiulf, Bruder von Ansila, Ediulf und Vultuulf und galt als Begründer der “jüngeren” Amalerlinie, die sich durch die Ehe des Eutharicus mit Amalasuntha 515 n.Chr. wieder mit der “älteren” Linie, begründet von Vultuulf, verband (Iord. Get. 79-81). E. beherrschte um…

[English version] E., von griech. ἐπιγράφειν ( epigráphein, “auf etw. schreiben”). Der Begriff dient zur Bezeichnung ant. Texte, die auf verschiedenen, zumeist dauerhaften Materialien (Stein, Bronze u.ä.) festgehalten wurden, sowie als Begriff für die diesbezügliche altertumswiss. Teildisziplin. Inschriften; Epigraphik Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] (Guntharis, Gundarus, Gontharis). Bucellarius des Solomon I., magister militum und dux Numidiae seit 545 n.Chr. (Iord. de origine actibusque Romanorum 384). G., den Solomon mit einem Heer gegen die Mauren nach Bagai am Fluß Abigas vorausgeschickt hatte, entging nur durch dessen rasche Hilfe einer Niederlage (Prok. BV 2,19,6-16). In einem geheimen Bund mit dem Maurenfürsten Antalas beschloß G. 546 die Beseitigung des Areobindus [3], was auch gelang (Prok. BV 2,25,1-28). G. besetzte Karthago …

[English version] (Gundovech). König der Burgunden 457-470 n.Chr., aus der Familie des Athanarich [1. 44], verheiratet mit einer Schwester Ricimers (Malalas 374-75; Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 209), seine Söhne sind Gundobad, Godigisclus, Chilperich und Godomer (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,28). Als Verbündeter Theoderichs II. zog er mit seinem Bruder Chilperich I. 455 gegen die Sueben in Gallien und siedelte dort nach dem Sieg Theoderichs 457. Im J. 463 magister utriusque militiae (per Gallias); im selben Jahr informierte er Papst Hilarius über die unrechtmäßige Amtsführung…

[English version] (auch Eurichus, Euarix). König der Westgoten 466-484 n.Chr., Sohn Theoderichs I., gelangte nach der Ermordung seines Bruders Theoderich II. zur Herrschaft (Iord. Get. 190; Hydatius Lemiensis 237). E.' Regierung war geprägt vom Bestreben, sein Reichsgebiet (urspr. Aquitania II, Novempopulana und Teile der Narbonensis I) auszudehnen und die Abhängigkeit von Rom zu lockern, was in der Kündigung des foedus mit den Römern deutlich wird. Seit 468 ging er gegen die Sueben vor und eroberte in den folgenden Jahren fast die ge…

[English version] (Γάννυς). Wurde im Haus der Iulia Maesa erzogen und hatte ein Verhältnis mit ihrer Tochter Iulia Soaemias, die ihn zum Erzieher ihres Sohnes Elagabalus [2] machte (Cass. Dio 79,6,1f. Boissevain). G. und Valerius Comazon ließen Elagabal im Mai 218 n.Chr. von den Truppen in Emesa zum Kaiser ausrufen (Cass. Dio 78,31,2-4). Trotz fehlender mil. Erfahrung besiegte G. im Juni Macrinus, wurde aber im Winter 218/9 von Elagabal, der mit dem Gedanken gespielt hatte, G. mit Soaemias zu verh…