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(Φερεκύδης). [English version] [1] Ph. von Syros Mythograph und Kosmologe, 6. Jh. v. Chr. Griech. Mythograph und Kosmologe, 6. Jh.v.Chr.; nach einer älteren Trad. war er Zeitgenosse des Alyattes (ca. 605-560 v.Chr.; Pherekydes 7 A 2 DK; Akusilaos 9 A 1 DK), nach einer anderen fiel sein schriftstellerischer Höhepunkt in die 59. Olympiade (544-541 v.Chr., somit wäre er Zeitgenosse des Kyros [2]; Diog. Laert. 1,118 und 121; vgl. Pherekydes 7 A 1 DK). Nach Diog. Laert. 1,116 war sein Buch noch im 3. Jh.n.Chr. erh.; sein Titel lautete wohl Heptámychos, ‘Mit sieben Schlupfwinkeln (Suda …

(Περίλαος, Περίλεως). [English version] [1] Sohn des Ikarios und der Periboia Sohn des Ikarios [2] und der Periboia [1], Bruder der Penelope (Apollod. 3,126). Nach peloponnesischer Sage tritt P. statt des schon verstorbenen Tyndareos als Ankläger des Orestes [1] vor dem Areopag auf (Paus. 8,34,2). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [English version] [2] Argiver Argiver, war im Kampf gegen den Spartaner Othryades im Theater von Argos als Statue dargestellt (Hdt. 1,82; Paus. 2,20,7). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [English version] [3] griech. Bronzebildner, 6. Jh. v. Chr. (auch Perillos genannt). Griech…

[English version] [1] erste Frau des Aigeus (Μήτα; = Melite: schol. Eur. Med. 673), erste Frau des Aigeus (Apollod. 3,207). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [2] allgemein [English version] A. Definition Der lat. Begriff m. ist hinsichtlich seiner Etym. unklar; bezeichnet sind hiermit zunächst kegel- oder pyramidenförmige Objekte in Stein, manchmal auch in Holz mit unterschiedlicher Funktion, als Stein auch die m. molendaria, der kegelförmige untere Stein der ant. Mühle ( mola asinaria), auf dem sich der obere Stein, der catillus, drehte (Dig. 33,7,18,5). Nielsen, Inge (Hamburg) …

[English version] [1] Fährmann aus Lesbos (Φάων, “der Leuchtende”). Fährmann aus Lesbos, der Aphrodite in Gestalt einer alten Frau kostenlos von Lesbos zum Festland übersetzt. Sie schenkt ihm dafür ein verjüngendes und verschönerndes Salböl. Diese “Vorgesch.” der Ursache für Ph.s “leuchtende Schönheit” erscheint in den Quellen erst spät (Ail. var. 12,18; Serv. Aen. 3,279; Palaiphatos 48; Lukian. dialogi mortuorum 19(2),2. Anfänglich begegnet er v.a. in der Komödie: Kratinos (PCG IV fr. 370) präsentier…

(Νέαιρα). [English version] [1] Geliebte des Helios Geliebte des Helios, Mutter der Rinderhirten, die die Herde des Vaters auf Thrinakie hüten (Hom. Od. 12,133). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [English version] [2] Geliebte des Strymon Geliebte des Strymon, Mutter der Euadne, der Gattin des Argos [I 1] (Apollod. 2,3). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [English version] [3] Tochter des Pereus Tochter des Pereus, Gattin des Aleos [1], Mutter der Auge [2] (Apollod. 3,102). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [English version] [4] Gattin des Aietes Gattin des Aietes (auch Idyia; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 3,240). Käppel, Lutz (Kie…

(Ὀστάνης). [English version] [1] Pers. Statthalter von Babylonien und der Transeuphratene Akkadisch Uštani. Persischer Statthalter von Babylonien und der Transeuphratene unter Dareios I. (bezeugt von 521-516 v.Chr.) [1]. Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel) Bibliography 1 M.W. Stolper, Entrepreneurs and Empire, 1985, 8, 66. [English version] [2] pers. Magier (Hostanes: Apul. apol. 90). Die griech.-röm. biographische Trad. weist O. als persischen Magier aus, der den Zug des Xerxes gegen Griechenland (479 v.Chr.) begleitet haben soll (Plin. nat. 30,8 =…

(Φόρκυς, lat. Phorcus, Phorcys, Phorcyn). [English version] [1] Meergott Meergott, Sohn von Pontos und Gaia, Bruder des Nereus (Hes. theog. 237; in Orph. fr. 16 Sohn von Okeanos und Tethys, in Orph. fr. 114 Titan); mit seiner Schwester Keto zeugt er Ungeheuer (Phorkides) wie die Graien, Gorgonen (Gorgo [1]), Echidna und die Schlange Ladon [1] (Hes. theog. 270-303; 333-336); nach anderen ist er auch Vater der Sirenen (Soph. fr. 861 TrGF), der Hesperiden (schol. Apoll. Rhod. 4,1399d), der Skylla (Apoll. Rh…

(Μακεδόνιος). [English version] [1] Dichter eines Paians, um 300 v. Chr.? Dichter eines inschr. (1. Jh.v.Chr.) in Delphi überlieferten Paians an Apollon und Asklepios, Abfassung vielleicht schon um 300 v.Chr. [1; 2], in daktylischem Metrum [3]. Wohl nicht identisch mit M. [2] (so noch [4]). Inhalt und Aufbau des Paians erfolgen in engem Anschluß an den Erythräischen Paian und Isyllos; vgl. Ariphron. Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography 1 W. Peek, Att. Versinschr. (Abh. der Sächs. Akad. der Wiss. Leipzig, Philol.-histor. Klasse 69/2), 1980, 45f. (Text) 2 L. Käppel, Paian, 1992, 200…

(Μύρινα; Mýrina). [German version] [1] Amazon Amazon (Dionysius Chalcidensis FHG 4 F 2), daughter of Cretheus, wife of Thoas (schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1,601); eponym of the city of the same name (M. [3]) on Lemnos (Hecataeus FGrH 1 F 138c). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Daughter of Teucer Daughter of Teucer, wife of Dardanus [1], first mentioned in Hom. Il. 2,814; her burial mound was displayed outside Troy as Batieia (Strab. 12,8,6). She was regarded as an Amazon in ancient times. Extensive raids are mentioned in Diod. 3,54f. Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [3] City in southw…

(Ἀριστόνους; Aristónous). [German version] [1] Founder of Acragas about 580 BC A. of Gela, one of the founders of Acragas about 580 BC (Thuc. 6,4,4). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [2] Brother-in-law of the tyrant  Gelon of Syracuse (1st half of 5th cent. BC) Brother-in-law of the tyrant  Gelon of Syracuse and one of the guardians of his son Timaeus (FGrH 566 F 21). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [3] Macedonian officer (died 315 BC) Served as a   somatophylax (after 328 BC?) under  Alexander [4] and was  trierarch of the Hydaspes f…

(Λυδός; Lydós). [German version] [1] Mythological king of Lydia Mythological king of Lydia, son of Atys [1], brother of Tyrsenus ( Tyrrhenus). Eponym of the Lydian people ( Lydia) (formerly Maeon: Hom. Il. 2,864): Hdt. 1,94; Str. 5,219; Tac. Ann. 4,55. According to Hdt. 1,171 L., Mysus and Car were brothers, which expresses the tribal kinship of the Lydians, Carians and Mysians ( Carian, Mysia). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Attic black-figured vase painter (ὁ Λυδός/ ho Lydós, ‘the Lydian’). Attic black-figured vase painter, before 560-540/530 BC; a bit older t…

(Τεῦκρος/ Teûkros, Latin Teucer). [German version] [1] Mythical king in the Troad Oldest mythical king in the Troad, son of Scamander and Idaea [2]; he gave both his daughters, Neso and Bat(i)eia (Arisbe), in marriage to Dardanus [1] (Dardanidae). Bat(i)eia bore Dardanus a son, Erichthonius, who fathered Tros, the father of Ilos [1], who in turn was the father of Laomedon [1]. The latter’s daughter, Hesione [4], bore a son T. [2] to Telamon [1] (Apollod. 3,139f.; Diod. Sic. 4,75). He is considered to be an …

(Φαίαξ; Phaíax). [German version] [1] Ancestor of the Phaeaces Mythical ancestor of the Phaeaces, father of Alcinous [1] and Locrus [3] (Diod. Sic. 4,72,2; differenly: Hom. Od. 7,54ff.; Nausithous [1]). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Mythical naval officer of Theseus Mythical naval officer of Theseus, together with Nausithous [3] (Plut. Theseus 17). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography Deubner, 225. [German version] [3] Athenian politician, 5th cent. BC Athenian, son of Eresistratus, Acharnian (Aeschin. 3,138; ostraka [3. 78 no. 152]); from a prominent fa…

(Μενέστρατος; Menéstratos). [German version] [1] A son of Niobe One of the sons of Niobe (Hellanicus FGrH 4 F 21 with commentary by Jacoby). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Sacrifices himself for his lover Cleostratus M. of Thespiae, who sacrifices himself for his lover Cleostratus, by volunteering to take his place and be thrown to the dragon that on Zeus's instructions is fed a young man each year. Barbs on his armour kill the monster (Paus. 2,26,7f.) Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [3] Athenian, denounced in 415 BC Athenian, one of 18 denounced by Teucer in connexio…

(Τήλεφος /Tḗlephos). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles and Auge Son of Heracles [1] and Auge [2] (Hes. fr. 165,8-10 M./W.). There are two legendary versions of his youth. According to one version (probably in essence epic, but also assumed by Euripides [1] in his T.), Auge of Tegea, a priestess of Athena, was made pregnant by Heracles [1], gave birth to T. and hid him in the sanctuary. When, as a consequence of this, the goddess imposed a famine and the child was discovered, Auge's father Aleus [1] had the child exposed (Exposure, myths…

(Οἰνόη/ Oinóē). [German version] [1] Arcadian nymph, mother of Pan Arcadian nymph, mother of Pan (schol. Eur. Rhes. 36), nurse of Zeus (Paus. 8,47,3). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Wife of Nicodamas Wife of Nicodamas, mother of Mopsus, transformed into a crane as punishment for arrogance (Antoninus Liberalis 16, see also Gerana). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [3] Eponymous lady of the Attic deme of O. [5] Eponymous lady of the Attic deme of O. [5], sister of Epochus (Paus. 1,33,8). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [4] Attic paralia deme of the phyle of Hippothontis At…

(Νῦσα/ Nûsa). [German version] [1] Wet nurse of Dionysus Wet nurse of Dionysus (Terpander in Lydus, Mens. 4,51) with cult in Athens (IG III 320, 351). Hom. Il. 6,132f. already knew of companions of N. Three Nysai meet on a vase by Sophilus (about 580). They appear in the sky as a group of stars called Hyades. Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography T. Ganschow, s.v. Nysa, LIMC 8.1, 902-907; 8.2, 598f. [German version] [2] In Homer, the toponym N. refers to a mythical place In Homer, the toponym N. refers to the mythical place (mountain) where Dionysus was born or spent his childhood (Νυσήϊον/ Nysḗïon, …

(Φαῖστος; Phaȋstos). [German version] [1] Mythical king of Sicyon Mythical king of Sicyon, son Rhopalus the son of Heracles [1]; establishes divine worship of Heracles; because of an oracle emigrates to Crete, where the city of P. [4] is named after him (Paus. 2,6,6f.). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Ally of the Trojans in the Trojan War Ally of the Trojans in the Trojan War, son of Borus from Tarne in Lydia, killed by  Idomeneus [1] (Hom. Il. 5,43). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [3] Epicist, Hellenistic period Hellenistic epic poet, mentioned twice in the scholia o…

(Περσεύς; Perseús). [1] Son of Danae and Zeus, Argive hero [German version] I. Mythology Son of Danae and Zeus, who impregnates her in the form of a shower of gold; grandson of Acrisius, the king of Argos, and Eurydice. Because of an oracle predicting that the son of his daughter will kill him, Acrisius sets Danae and P. adrift at sea in a chest. Mother and son are washed ashore in Seriphus and found and taken in by Dictys [1]. When Polydectes, the brother of Dictys and king of Seriphus, wishes to marry Danae…

(Πολύξενος/ Polýxenos, 'he who has many guests'). [German version] [1] Sobriquet for Hades Poetic epithet for the god of the underworld (Hades, Pluto): Aesch. Supp. 156 f. etc. (cf. Polydectes [2]). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Mythical king of Elis Mythical king of Elis; holds in safekeeping the cattle stolen from Electryon; Amphitryon releases them and receives Electryon's daughter Alcmene in return (Apollod. 2,55 f.; Schol. Lycoph. 932). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [3] Mythical king of Elis Mythical king of Elis, grandson of Augeias; suitor of Helen…