Search

(ägypt. Ḥrw-m-­ḫ.t, “Horus im Horizont”). [English version] [1] Name der großen Sphinx Name, unter dem die große Sphinx von Giza seit Anf. des NR (ca. 1500 v.Chr.) als Verkörperung des Sonnengottes verehrt wurde. Viele Votivstelen dokumentieren die Popularität des Kultes bei Privatleuten wie bei Königen. Seidlmayer, Stephan Johannes (Berlin) Bibliography J.assmann, s.v. H., LÄ2, 992-996. [English version] [2] Priester des Ptah von Memphis, um 200 v.Chr. Sohn des Anemhor, Vater des Nesysti III.; hoher Priester des Ptah von Memphis (ca. 260 - nach 194/3 v.Chr.)…

(Ἕλενος). [English version] [1] einer der frühen großen Seher Einer der frühen großen Seher, im ep. Kyklos wichtiger als bei Homer; Sohn des Priamos und der Hekabe (Hom. Il. 6,76; 7,44; Soph. Phil. 605f.; Apollod. 3,151; POxy. 56,3829), Zwillingsbruder der Kassandra (Antikleides FGrH 140 F 17; POxy. 56,3830). Einer wahrscheinlich archa. Trad. nach erhält H. bereits als Kind seine Sehergabe im Tempel des Apollon Thymbraios, wo er und Kassandra eingeschlafen sind. Als die Eltern am nächsten Morgen zurückko…

(Ἡγέλοχος). [English version] [1] Flottenoffizier unter Alexandros d.Gr., 4. Jh. v.Chr. Sohn des Hippostratos, Offizier unter Alexandros [4]. Anfangs Kommandeur der Vorhutkavallerie, wurde er im Sommer 333 v.Chr. beauftragt, aus von griech. Städten gesammelten Schiffen eine maked. Flotte zu bilden (Arr. an. 2,2,3; ungenau Curt. 3,1,19f.; Amphoteros war ihm unter- und nicht beigeordnet). Nach dem Tod von Memnon beherrschte seine Flotte den Hellespont, wo er u.a. eine athenische Getreideflotte aufhielt (Ps.-…

(Κρόνιος). [English version] [1] Platoniker, 2. Jh. Platoniker (Syrianos, In Aristot. metaph. 109,11) der pythagoreisierenden Richtung, meist als Pythagoreer bezeichnet, (vielleicht älterer) Zeitgenosse und Freund (Porph. De anthro nympharum 21) des Numenios, also Mitte des 2. Jh.n.Chr. In der Regel wird K. nur mit diesem, aber häufig vor ihm genannt und teilt durchweg dessen Auffassungen. In Plotins Schule wurde K. gelesen (Porph. vita Pythagorica 14); er verfaßte Hypomnemata (ebd., verm. keine Komm. …

(Μάργος). [English version] [1] Stratege 255 v.Chr. M. aus Karyneia fiel, wohl als Nauarch des achaischen Flottenkontingents, während des illyr. Kriegs 229 v.Chr. vor Paxoi ‘nach treuen Diensten für das Koinon der Achaioi’ (Pol. 2,10). Während der Neuformierung des Bundes hatte er 275 den Tyrannen von Bura getötet und so Iseas, den Tyrannen von Karyneia, veranlaßt, zurückzutreten und seine Stadt dem Bund zuzuführen (Pol. 2,41). Vor Aratos [2] spielte er eine herausgehobene Rolle und wurde 255 als erster zum alleinigen Strategen gewählt (Pol. 2,43). Cobet, Justus (Essen) …

(Εἰρήνη). Das Wort ist vielleicht vorgriechisch [1; 2]. [English version] [1] Personifikation und Vergöttlichung des Friedens Personifikation und Vergöttlichung des Friedens (Orph. h. 15,11). E. ist eine der Horen, Tochter des Zeus und der Themis, Schwester der Dike und der Eunomia (Hes. theog. 901-902; Pind. O. 13,6-8). Als für das Gedeihen der polit. Gemeinschaft zentrale Gestalt wird sie in der griech. Dichtung häufig erwähnt. So werden ihre Gaben etwa bei Bakchyl. fr. 4,61 Snell-Maehler und bei Euripides (B…

(Κομανός; Komanós). [German version] [1] Greek grammarian, 2nd cent. BC C. from Naucratis. Greek grammarian of the 2nd cent. BC, who composed an exegetical work on Homer (an hypómnēma?; Aristarchus [4] of Samothrace challenged it in ‘Against C.’/Πρòς Κομανóν, schol. Hom. Il. 1,97-99; 2,798a; 24,110b). Identification with the homonymous Alexandrian politician  C. [2] is debatable, even if the grammarian is called ‘the king's chief cup-bearer’ in schol. Hes. Op. 97. The roughly 20 fragments reveal a respectable philological …

(Βερενίκη; Bereníkē). [German version] [1] B. Maternal great niece of Antipater Born c. 340 BC as the daughter of Magas and Antigone, maternal great niece of Antipater [1]. Around 325, she married a certain Philippus, with whom she had two children: Antigone, later the wife of Pyrrhus, and Magas. Around 322, Antipater sent her (as a widow?) and his daughter Eurydice to Ptolemy I, who married Eurydice. B. quickly gained Ptolemy's respect, and bore him Arsinoe in 316, Ptolemy II in 308; other children of the …

(Ἀσκληπιόδοτος; Asklepiódotos). [German version] [1] Ptolemaean governor of Caria after 305 BC After 305 BC Ptolemaean governor (?) of Caria. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. Bagnall, The administration of the Ptolemaic possessions outside Egypt, 1976, 90f. [German version] [2] Military theoretician (1st cent. BC) Author of a treatise in 12 chapters on military theory (Ἀσκληπιοδότου φιλοσόφου τακτικὰ κεφάλαια; transmitted in the cod. Laur. LV-4 (F) and 11 other MSS dependent from it) and identified with a listener of Poseidonius me…

(Λίχας; Líchas). [German version] [1] Messenger of Hercules Herald of Hercules [1]; he brings Hercules the garment which Deianira, jealous of Iole, had painted with the blood of the centaur Nessus (Hes. Cat. fr. 25,20-25 M-W; Soph. Trach.; Bacchyl. 16; for possible precursors and variants, see [1]). The supposed love charm causes the death of Hercules, who, in his agony, smashes the innocent L. against a rock in the sea (Soph. Trach. 772ff.; Apollod. 2,7,7? corrupt text). Later sources (Ov. Met. 9,2…

(Διοφάνης; Diophánēs). [German version] [1] Strategos of the Arsinoites 224-218 BC Strategos of the Arsinoites 224-18 BC; most of the P. Enteuxeis texts date to his time in office. PP 1,247. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography N. Lewis, Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1986, 56ff. [German version] [2] Greek rhetor from Mytilene, 2nd cent. BC 2nd-cent. BC Greek rhetor from Mytilene; exiled from his homeland for political reasons, he went to Rome and became the teacher and friend of Tib.  Gracchus. Together with C.  Blossius [2] from Cumae, he is suppose…

(Μάργος; Márgos). [German version] [1] Strategos 255 BC M. from Carynea, probably serving as nauarch of the Achaean fleet contingent during the Illyrian War, was killed in 229 BC near Paxos ‘after faithfully serving the koinon of the Achaeans ’(Pol. 2,10). During the reformation of the league, he killed the tyrant of Bura in 275, thus forcing Iseas, the tyrant of Carynea, to resign and to have his town join the league (Pol. 2,41). Before Aratus [2] he played a prominent part and in 255 he was the first to be elected sole strategos (Pol. 2,43). Cobet, Justus (Essen) [German version] [2] Ptolemai…

(Ἱέρων; Hiérōn). [German version] [1] H. I. Tyrant of Syracuse around 500 BC from Gela,  Deinomenid, brother of Gelon [1], born c. 540/530 BC. Married first a daughter of Nicocles of Syracuse (before 485), then of Anaxilaus of Rhegium ( c. 480) and finally of Xenocrates, a brother of Theron of Acragas ( c. 475). He was many times a victor in horse and chariot races in Delphi (482, 478, 470) and Olympia (476, 472, 468) [1. 208ff.]. Entrusted with the rulership of Gela by Gelon in 485, he succeeded the latter in 478 as tyrant of Syracuse. H. operat…

(Πάτροκλος/ Pátroklos, also Πατροκλῆς/ Patroklês; Lat. Patroclus). [German version] [1] Companion to Achilleus Son of Menoetius [1] from Opus (Hom. Il. 11,814; his mother's name is not given in Homer, alternative suggestions in Apollod. 3,176), best friend of Achilleus [1]. In his childhood, P. kills a fellow-player out of anger during a game of dice and then flees to Phthia to Peleus, who gives him to Achilleus as a companion (Hom. Il. 23,85-90; Hellanikos FGrH 4 F 145; Apollod. 3,176). According to Pind. O…

(Ξάνθιππος/ Xánthippos). [German version] [1] Athenian from the Cholargos deme, father of Pericles, around 500 BC Athenian from the Cholargos deme, father of Ariphron, Pericles [1] and a daughter, born c. 520 BC, married to Agariste [2], a niece of the Alcmeonid Cleisthenes [2]. In 489 BC X. argued as plaintiff for Miltiades' [2] conviction. In Aristoteles [6] X. therefore appears not only as a leading demagogue but also as an adversary of Miltiades ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 28,2). In the spring of 484 X. was banished by ostrakismos from Athens, perhaps as an o…

(Σωσίβιος/ Sōsíbios). [German version] [1] Egyptian statesman, 3rd cent. BC Son of Dioscurides, father of Ptolemaeus [32], Sosibius [2] and Arsinoe [II 5]; from Alexandria; still under Ptolemaeus [6] III he won victories in the diaulos at the Ptolemaia, in the agéneioi ('beardless') wrestling at the Panathenaea and in chariot racing at the Isthmia and Nemea (Callim. fr. 384 Pfeiffer; [1. 144-149; 2. 79-81]). At the time there was already talk of endowments for Zeus Kasios in Pelusium and the Heraeum (of Argos?). S., who was honoured on Delos c. 240 BC (IG XI 4, 649), was probably…

(Ἕλενος; Hélenos). [German version] [1] One of the great early seers One of the great early seers, more important in the epic kyklos than in Homer; son of  Priamus and  Hecabe (Hom. Il. 6,76; 7,44; Soph. Phil. 605f.; Apollod. 3,151; P Oxy. 56,3829), twin brother of  Cassandra (Anticlides FGrH 140 F 17; P Oxy. 56,3830). According to a probably archaic tradition, H. received his gift of prophecy when he was still a child in the temple of Apollo Thymbraeus, where he and Cassandra had fallen asleep. When their parents re…

(μαχαιροφόροι; machairophóroi). [German version] [1] In the Ptolemaic period, part of the royal guard and especially used for rural policing purposes and for the protection of high civil officials (later also for the kōmárchēs or the práktōr laographías); the members of the guard did not necessarily have to be Egyptians (cf. e.g. OGIS 737). In the Imperial period the term is often simply used as a synonym for ‘soldier(s)’; there were machairophóroi in the service of the imperial household and as bodyguards for officials who had to handle taxes and other monies. To …

(Κινέας; Kinéas). [German version] [1] Of Konde, king of the Thessalians, offered military help to Hippias against the Spartans in 511 BC C. of Konde, king ( basileús) of the Thessalians, in 511 BC offered military help in the form of 1,000 Thessalian horsemen to the Athenian tyrant  Hippias [1] when he was threatened by the Spartans, and defeated them at Phalerum (Hdt. 5,63f.; [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 19,5). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] Thessalian (c. 350-277 BC), diplomat of king Pyrrhus, expert on Roman aristocracy The Thessalian C. (about 350-277 BC), diplomat…

(Θρασυκλῆς/ Thrasyklês). [German version] [1] Representative of Athens in the Peace of Nicias, 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC Athenian, who in 421/0 BC requested the proxenía for a resident of the Peloponnese (IG I3 80,7) and belonged to those who swore an oath on the truce and the alliance between Sparta and Athens in the so-called Peace of Nicias [1] in 421 (Thuc. 5,19,2; 24,1). In 412/1, T. was strategos along with Strombichides in the campaign to Asia Minor (Thuc. 8,15,1; 17,3; 19,2). Peloponnesian War Kinzl, Konrad (Peterborough) Bibliography Traill, PAA 517180 Develin 157; 141. …