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[German version] River, forming the border between  Picenum and the  Senones (Liv. 5,35), later taken as Umbrian ( Umbria), modern Esino. From its source on the territory of Sentinum, it runs to the Adriatic, where its mouth is bridged by the   via Flaminia at the   statio ad Aesim (modern Falconara Marittima) (large cistern: three parallel water chambers). The A. valley was known for its excellent cheeses (Plin. 3,112; 11,241). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Q. Maule, SE 59, 1993, 87-102.

[German version] Town in Latium, colony of Alba Longa, ancestral seat of the gens Iulia, 11 miles south-east of Rome in Frattocchie near the via Appia, which had been extended to B. in 294 BC. B. became a municipium under Sulla. In 52 BC, it was the location of the dispute between Clodius and Milo. In memory of the obsequies of Augustus, Tiberius erected a memorial to the gens Iulia in B. (Tac. Ann. 2,41). Monuments: remains of quadratic town walls made from tufa ( lapis peperinus) near Due Santi, and also of the arcades of a circus and a theatre. Villa of Domitianus. Aqueducts and three cister…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae Venetic, later Celtic ( Carni) settlement centre, probably constituted as a Roman vicus after the attack of the  Iapodes in 52 BC. Municipium since Augustus, colonia since Claudius. Location: on the road from Aquileia to Aguntum. Local Belenus cult. After its destruction, most likely by  Alaricus [2], the inhabitants moved to the hill of San Pietro, modern Zuglio. Archaeology: forum with porticus, capitolium, in the south a basilica; thermae; aqueduct; early Christian cemetery basilica. Uggeri, Giova…

[German version] Small river in Umbria, tributary of the Tiberis, modern Timia. The sources of the C. (between Spoletium and Fulginiae below Trebiae) were made famous by Plin. Ep. 8,8; Caligula and Honorius visited them; they were surrounded by chapels for the god of the same name and other oracle deities, taken care of by the citizens of Hispellum; sacraria of a statio of the via Flaminia (It. Burd. 613); villae in the surrounding area. In S. Salvatore de Piscina (6th cent. AD) reused stones and inscriptions have been used in buildings (CIL II 4963). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography…

[German version] Harbour on the Etruscan coast opposite Ilva (modern Elba), 12 miles south of Populonia (It. Ant. 501; Faleria, Rut. Namat. 1,371, should be corrected to Falesia [2]). In the Middle Ages Porto di Felesa [1], modern Piombino (Livorno). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 G. Targioni Tozzetti, Relazione d'alcuni viaggi fatti in diverse parti della Toscana 4, 1751, 250 2 R. Gelsomino, Nota a Rut. Nam. 1,371, in: Rivista di Cultura Classica e Medioevale 15, 1973, 35-47.

Various stations derived their names from a cult site of Mars ad ( fanum) Martis. [German version] [1] Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae above Segusio at the confluence of the Bardonecchia and the Dora Riparia, modern Oulx. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Station in Etruria Station in Etruria near Pescia on the Via Cassia between Pistoriae and Luca. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [3] Station in Umbria Station in Umbria on the Via Flaminia, 74 miles from Rome, between Narnia and Mevania ( Vicus Martis …

[German version] Cape on the Tyrrhenian Sea, said by the sources to have been an island connected to the mainland by silting (Theophr. C. plant. 5,8,3; Plin. HN 2,201), modern Circeo (513 m high). The MC has been identified with the island of Circe (Hom. Od. 12,9; Hes. Theog. 1011f.). In the Roman period, Circe and Athena were venerated here (CIL X 6422; Strab. 5,3,6). The grave mound of Elpenor was displayed (Ps.-Scyl. 8). Nearby: villa of Domitian. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography T. Ashby, Monte Circeo, in: MEFRA 25, 1905, 147-209  G. Lugli, Circeii, 1928  R. Righi, La villa di…

[German version] Limestone ridge (691m), present-day Soratte to the northwest of Sant’Oreste, cut off from the Appennines in South Etruria in the territory of the Falisci to the right of the Tiber between the via Flaminia in the west and the via Tiberina in the east. It dominates the Campagna Romana and is visible from Rome (Hor. Carm. 1,9). Apollo (Verg. Aen. 11,785; Sil. Pun. 5,175; 7,662; 8,492; sanctus Soranus Apollo: ILS 3034). The Manes and Dis Pater Soranus were worshipped as a cult. At its base lies Feronia with a sanctuary to the Sabine goddess of the sam…

[German version] Community in Etruria, probably near modern Orvieto; allies of the Volsinii against Rome in 392/1, but without success (Liv. 5,31,5; 32,2). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 339.

[German version] River in the Apennine Mountains (Plin. HN 3,50) in the territory of the Apuani; rising near Luca, it used to discharge into the Arnus near Pisa; nowadays, it has its own mouth into the Tyrrhenian Sea; modern Serchio. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography F. Castagnoli, SE 20, 1948-49, 285-90 G. Ciampoltrini, SE 58, 1992, 53-74; SE 59, 1993, 59-86.

[German version] (Ξιφωνία; Xiphōnía). Port (Scyl. 13) and headland (Str. 6,2,2) on the eastern coast of Sicily on an elongated  sword-like (cf. ξίφος/ xíphos, 'sword') peninsula in the east of Megara [3], on which the king Frederick II  founded the city of Augusta in the 13th cent. X. played an important part in connection with Hannibal's [2] sea manoeuvres in 263 BC (Diod. 23,4,1). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, 1981, 62, 241 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre Town of the  Sabini (Str. 5,3,1; Liv. 38,45,19) in a fertile region, situated on a terrace, the source of the river Aternus, which gives its name to the town (Varro, Ling. 5,28); modern Vittorino near L'Aquila on the via Caecilia between Rome and Hadria. A Roman   praefectura from 293 BC, it then became a   municipium of the tribus Quirina with   octoviri . Birthplace of  Sallustius (86 BC). Augustan theatre ( opus reticulatum), leaning against the hillside; an amphitheatre (90 x 68 m…

[German version] River in Samnium (Samnites; Plin. HN 3,103; 3,106; Ptol. 3,1,18: Φιτέρνος/ Phitérnos), modern Biferno. It rises on T. Mons (modern Matese), forms the border with Campania, flows through the territory of the Pentri of Bovianum and Fagifulae, separates the Frentani from the Larinates (Larinum) and flows into the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) to the south of Buca (modern Termoli). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Barker, A Mediterranean Valley, 1995  S. P. Oakley, The Hill-Forts of the Samnites, 1995, 107-120.

[German version] Swamp in  Latium (on the Lago di Fondi with a floating island) close to the ancient Amyclae, famous for its wines, especially the sorts Falernus and Setinus (CIL VI 9797). Verified in Rome by numerous amphoras with the inscription Caec(ubum vinum); at the time of Pliny, however, this wine had already become a rarity (Plin. HN 14,61). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Italy, languages | Oracles Town in Umbria on a hill in the upper valley of the Tiber, controlled an important traffic route linking the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts via the Pass of Scheggia (63 m), modern Gubbio. Minted its own coins ( IKVVINI, IKVVINS [1. 140-152]). After 268 BC it was civitas foederata (Cic. Balb. 47). In 167 BC the Illyrian king Genthius was interned here (Liv. 45,43,9). After the Social War it was municipium, tribus Clustumina. Pompey's base in the Civil War; occupied by Ca…

[German version] Right-hand tributary of the Padus (Po) in Aemilia, which flows down from the Apennines from the territory of the Ligures Friniates (Liv. 41,12,18) into the region of Mutina. In the valley of the S. sheep were bred (particularly soft wool, cf. Str. 5,1,12: Σκουλτάννα). Today the river is called Scoltenna in the mountains, Panaro on the plain. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Liv. 2,39; Ethnikon Μογιλλανοί, Dion. Hal. ant. 8,36,2). Oppidum in Latium at Corioli. The gens of the Papirii Mugillani (Papirius) presumably originated there. Its precise location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Branch of the aqua Marcia in Rome behind the horti Pallantiani (Frontin. Aq. 19,8) south of the porta Tiburtina, which supplied the regiones I, XI and XII via the Caelius mons and the Porta Capena. The association of a Herculaneus rivus (HR) with the aqua Virgo in Plin. HN 31,42 is probably due to a mistake. Another HR was the permanent spring that supplied the Anio novus 38 miles east of Rome at the via Sublacensis (Frontin. Aq. 15,4f.). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Richardson, 17f. D. Cattolini, s.v. H.r., LTUR 1, 1993, 69.

[German version] Main centre of the  Carricini in Samnium, mentioned for events in 311 BC (Liv. 9,31,2f.); municipium since the 1st cent. BC, tribus Arnensis; birthplace of Helvidius Priscus (Tac. Hist. 4,5). Archaeological monuments: remains on the Piano Laroma at Aventino near Cásoli (Chieti); opus incertum and reticulatum; theatre in opus reticulatum with audience seating adjoining the city walls; thermal springs; domus suburbana with mosaics. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. La Regina, C. e il territorio Carecino, in: RAL 22, 1967, 87-99 A. Pellegrino, Il Sann…

[German version] Late Roman villa (Rut. Nam. 1,531; Portus [7] Pisanus) on the coast of the Mare Tyrrhenum at modern Livorno. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)