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(Σκύθης). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles Third son of Heracles [1] (or Zeus: Diod. 2,43,3) and Echidna, brother of Agathyrsus and Gelonus [1]. Is the only son able to accomplish the task, set by his father, of drawing his bow and putting on his belt, and so becomes the king of Hylaea and the eponym of the Scythae (Hdt. 4,8-10; Steph. Byz. s. v. Σκύθαι; IG 1293 A 95 f.; cf. Sen. Herc. f. 533; Sen. Herc. Oetaeus 157). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 A. Nercessian, s. v. S. (1), LIMC 7.1, 794. [German version] [2] Tyrant of Cos, c. 500 BC Tyrant of  Cos c. 500 BC; in 494/3 he handed his…

[German version] (Σκαιαί/ Skaiaí sc. πύλαι/ pýlai). The 'Scaean Gate' in Troy (Hom. Il. 3,145; 3,149 et passim; without pýlai: Hom. Il. 3,263; Str. 13,1,21; in the singular: Quint. Smyrn. 11,338), also called Dardaníai. Several explanations of the name are possible: the 'left' or 'western gate' or 'gate of misfortune' (derived from  σκαιός [2]), 'crooked gate' or named after its builder Scaeus (schol. Hom. Il. 3,145; 9,354; 11,170 Bekker; Hsch. s. v. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν) or after the Scaei [1] people. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 L. Bürchner, s. v. Skaiisches Tor, RE 3 A, 424 2 LS…

(Ὀφελέστης; Opheléstēs). [German version] [1] Trojan Trojan, killed by Teucrus outside the city (Hom. Il. 8,274). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Paeonian warrior at Troy Paeonian warrior at Troy, killed by Achilles [1] (Hom. Il. 21,210; schol. Hom. Il. 13,643 Maass with conjecture). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Οἶστρος/ Oîstros). Personification of frenzy (cf. Furor, Lyssa, Mania [1]). The only preserved literary source (Poll. 4,142) lists O amongst the ékskeua prósōpa ('especially elaborate masks') of tragic drama (for illustrations: [1]). Above all, the Greek oîstros accurately describes the gadfly which pursues and plagues its victim and also the thorn or sting (Aesch. PV 567ff.; Eur. HF 862 and passim; Orph. A. 47). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 B. Müller-Huber, s.v. O., LIMC 7.1, 28f. (with biblography) 2 R. Padel, In and Out of the Mind. Greek Images …

[German version] (Σιρίκιος/ Siríkios, Latin Siricius). 4th century AD sophist from Neapolis [11] in Palaestina, pupil of Andromachus (cf. [1]). S. taught for a while in Athens and wrote Progymnásmata and Melétai (Suda, s. v. Σιρίκιος; Nicolaus of Myra, Progymnásmata, in: [2]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 L. Cohn, s. v. Andromachos [20], RE 1.2, 2154 2 Spengel 3, 465 (Kap. 4).

[German version] (Πάμμων). Son of Priamus and Hecabe (Hom. Il. 24,250; Apollod. 3,151; Quint. Smyrn. 6,317; 562; 568; in Hyg. fab. 90 Pammon (Schmidt) or Palaemon), killed by Neoptolemus [1] (Quint. Smyrn. 13,213f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] [1] Son of Odysseus and Calypso (Τηλέδαμος; Tēlédamos). According to Eust. on Hom. Od. 16,118, the author of the Tēlegonía names a son of Odysseus and Calypso“Telegonus or Teledamus”, which would make him the brother of Nausithous [2] and Nausinous. The passage is evidently corrupt, since elsewhere Telegonus is Odysseus' son with Circe. For a discussion of conjectures: [1]. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 K. Scherling, s. v. T. (1), RE 5 A, 313 f. [German version] [2] Son of Agamemnon and Cassandra (Paus.: Τελέδαμος/ Telédamos, schol. Hom. Od.: Τελέδημος/ Telé…

[German version] (Φάλκης; Phálkēs). Heraclid (Heraclidae), son of Temenus, brother of Cissus (Ceisus: Paus. 2,19,1), Cerynes, Agaeus (other sons of Temenus are mentioned in Apollod. 2,179) and Hyrnetho, father of Rhegnidas (Paus. 2,13,1). Out of envy of Hyrnetho and her husband Deïphontes, whom Temenus prefers to his sons, P. and his brothers (with the exception of the youngest: Agaeus) have their father attacked and killed while bathing (Nicolaus of Damascus FGrH 90 F 30; Diod.Sic. 7,13,1; Apollod…

[German version] (Θείας; Theías). Son of Belus and the Nymph Oreithyia (or her husband), unwittingly fathers Adonis with his daughter Smyrna (Myrrha). When he discovers the offence, he first tries to kill his daughter, who escapes by transforming herself into the tree of the same name, then kills himself in shame (Antoninus Liberalis 34; Apollod. 3,183 f. after Panyassis; Tzetz. Lycoph. 829). Other sources name Cinyras as Smyrna's father (Ov. Met. 10,298-518; Hyg. Fab. 58; Tzetz.  Lycoph. 831). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Πανόπη; Panópē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I1] (Πανόπεια/ Panópeia in Nonnus, Panopea in Virgil; the ‘all-caring one’ [1], different in Eust. Ad Hom. Il. 18,41, p. 1131, 4 and 6f.). Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I 1], one of the Nereids (Hom. Il. 18,45; Hes. Theog. 250; Apollod. 1,12; Lucian Dialogi marini 7; Nonnus, Dion. 39,255; 43,100 and 264; Verg. Aen. 5,240 and 825; Verg. G. 1,437; Hyg. Fab. praef. 8). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 W. Aly, s.v. P. (1), RE 18.3, 636 2 J.Ch. Balty, s.v. P., LIMC 7.1, 172. [German version] [2] One of the daughters of Thespius On…

[German version] (Νύκτιμος; Nýktimos). One of the 50 sons of Lycaon, either the oldest, who legitimately assumed sovereignty over Arcadia following the death of his father (Paus. 8,3,1; 5), or the youngest, who because of Gaia's intervention was the only one to be spared punishment by Zeus after the sacrilege of Lycaon and his sons (Fairy tale) and became king himself at the time of Deucalion's flood (Apollod. 3,96-99). According to another version N. himself was slaughtered (Lycophr. 481; Clem. Al. Protreptikos 2,36,5; Nonn. Dion. 18,20-24). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Οἴαξ/ Oiax, Latin Oeax, 'helm'). Son of Nauplius [1] and Clymene [5] (also Philyra or Hesione [2]: Apollod. 2,23), brother of Palamedes and Nausimedon (Apollod. 2,23; 3,15; schol. Eur. Or. 432; Dictys 1,1). Marched with Palamedes to Troy (Philostr. Heroicus 10,10, p. 183 Kayser), where, after the stoning of Palamedes, he etched an account of his brother's fate onto the blades of a rudder and threw them into the sea (schol. Aristoph. Thesm. 771, following Eur. Palamedes); Suda s.v. Π…

[German version] (Μόψοπος/ Mόpsopos, also Μόψοψ/ Mόpsops or Μόψος/ Mόpsos). Presumably Attic king or hero. Name conjectured from Mopsopia, the old name for Attica (Lycophr. 733, 1340; Call. fr. 709; Strab. 9,1,18; 9,5,22; Anth. Pal. 7,614,8; Tib. 1,7,54; Ov. Met. 5,661; 6,423; Ov. Epist. 8,72; Sen. Phaedr. 121; 1276). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Πανδία/ Pandía, also: Πανδεία/ Pandeía, Πανδείη/ Pandeíē). Daughter of Zeus and Selene (Hom. h. 32,14-16; Hyg. fab. praef. 28; in this sense probably also Phot. s.v. Πάνδια/ Pándia and EM s.v. Πάνδεια/ Pándeia). According to other sources (Orph. fr. 280,8; Maximos, Perì katarchôn 123, 146, 326; schol. Dem. Or. 21,9,39a-d) an epithet (Πάνδια/ Pándia, Πάντια/ Pántia) of Selene (cf. [3. 62]). The Attic festival of the same name can, contrary to the widespread view in (late?) Antiquity (cf. schol.Dem. Or. 21, 9, 39a; Phot. l.c.; EM l.c.)…

[German version] (Πιτθεύς/ Pittheús, name probably derived from πειθώ/ peithṓ [1], therefore something like 'good adviser' [3], cf. [2]). P. was perhaps originally an ancient oracular deity, according to the sources the son of Pelops and Hippodamia [1], a brother of Atreus and Thyestes (Eur. Med. 684; Eur. Heracl. 207; Apollod. Epit. 2,10; Schol. Eur. Or. 5; Ov. Met. 8,622f.), father of Aethra (Hom. Il. 3,144; Eur. Heracl. 207f.; Eur. Supp. 4-7; Bacchyl. 17,34; Hyg. Fab. 14,5 and elsewhere) and Henioche …

[German version] (Θαύμας/ Thaúmas). Son of Pontus [1] and Gaia (or Tethys: Orph. Fr. 117), brother of Nereus, Phorcys [1], Ceto and Eurybia (Hes. Theog. 237 f.; Apollod. 1,10); with Electra [1] (Ozomene: Hyg. Fab. 14,18) father of the Harpies and Iris [1] (Hes. Theog. 265-267; 780; Verg. Aen. 9,5; Ov. Met 4,480 et passim; on the interpretation of the genealogy see Pl. Tht. 155d; Cic. Nat. D. 3,20,51). T. is also named as the father of the river Hydaspes (Nonn. Dion. 26,358-365) and of Arce (Ptol. Chennos 6,6, p. 39 Chatzis). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Ξάνθιος/ Xánthios). [German version] [1] Father of Leucippus from the Bellerophontes family Father of Leucippus [3] from the Bellerophontes family. When his daughter's fiancé tells him that she has had a relationship with another man, in an attempt to apprehend the stranger, he - unaware that the culprit is his own son - unintentionally wounds his daughter, before inadvertently being killed by his own son (Parthenius, Narrationes amatoriae 5,1-5 according to Hermesianax). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Boeotian king Boeotian king, killed in a single combat by Me…

(Ῥηξήνωρ/ Rhēxḗnōr). [German version] [1] Brother of Alcinous and father of Arete, Alcinous's wife Son of Nausithous [1], brother of Alcinous [1]. He dies shortly after his wedding, leaving as his only child his daughter Arete [1], the later wife of Alcinous (Hom. Od. 7,63-66; 146; Schol. Hom. Od. 7,56; Eust. ad Hom. Od. 7,63-65). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Father of Chalciope [1], the second wife of Aegeus Father of Chalciope [1], the second wife of Aegeus (Apollod. 3,207; Tzetz. Ad Lycophr. 494; Phanodemus FGrH 325 F 5). Alternatively, Chalcodon (…

(Θεσπιάδες/ Thespiádes). [German version] [1] Epithet of the Muses from the town of Thespiae Epithet of the Muses after the town of Thespiae (Thespia) on the Helicon [1] (Varro Ling. 7,20; Ov. Met. 5,310; Fulg. Mythologiae 1,11, p. 7,5-8 Helm). T. statues are mentioned by several artists (Cic. Verr. 2,4,2,4; Plin. HN 34,66; 34,69; 36,33; 36,39). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 P. Müller, s. v. T., LIMC 8.1, 1 (with bibliogr.) [German version] [2] The fifty daughters of Thespis The fifty (according to Hyg. Fab. 162: twelve) daughters of Thespis (or Thespius), the…

(Ξανθίππη; Xanthíppē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Dorus Daughter of Dorus, with Pleuron parent of Agenor [3], Sterope, Stratonice and Laophonte (Apollod. 1,58). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Mythical feeder of her imprisoned father Mycon Woman who fed her father Mycon in prison with her milk (Hyg. Fab. 254; the same motif with different names: Val. Max. 5,4, ext. 1; Plin. HN 7,121; Fest. 228,28-32; Solin. 1,124f.; Nonn. Dion. 26,101-145). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [3] Wife of the philosopher Socrates [2] Wife of the philosopher Socrates [2]; orig…