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Temptation
(2,036 words)
[German Version]
I. Religious Studies Temptation is a theologoumenon of many religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It arises in the presence of free will when evil makes its appearance as fascinating, enticing cajolery, often insinuating. There are various forms of temptation: by a deity, by human individuals, by demons, in a nontheistic con-¶ text, and even human temptation of a deity. Temptation is often interpreted as the work of a demonic power that takes on symbolic significance – for example Māra in Buddhism; cf. e.g. Saṃyut…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Joseph, Father of Jesus
(738 words)
[German Version] I. New Testament – II. Art
I. New Testament The father of Jesus appears in the New Testament only in the birth and infancy narratives of Matthew and Luke; his name is confirmed by the two texts in John that speak of Jesus as the son of Joseph (1:45; 6:42). Despite the relatively late date of the evidence, there is no reason to doubt the historicity of Joseph, since the traditions regarding him are independent and could have received their information from the family of Jesus, which played …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Stranger/Otherness
(2,942 words)
[German Version]
I. Religious Studies From the outset, religions are involved in processes of exchange with their (religious) environment. This structural relationship to the surrounding world finds expression in internal representations of what is “strange/alien/foreign” or “other” and is part of the self-reference of religious systems. Because other religions are often experienced as competing entities, in most traditions they represent a great challenge to the adherents’ own identity. Therefore re…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Peter, Epistles of
(1,611 words)
[German Version]
I. Introductory Remarks The New Testament contains two letters ascribed to the apostle Peter. Despite the unambiguous claim of Petrine authorship, it is likely that neither was written by the apostle himself. In the case of 1 Peter, several elements point to a probable date after the apostle’s death (probably during the Neronian persecution [Persecu-¶ tions of Christians: I]): its elevated language, the influence of the Diaspora synagogue on its theology, and the situation of the Christian communities it implies (1:1: spread of Christ…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Petrusbriefe
(1,451 words)
[English Version]
I. Einleitende Bemerkungen Im NT sind zwei Briefe unter dem Namen des Apostels Petrus überliefert. Trotz der eindeutigen Verfasserangabe ist es bei beiden Schriften wahrscheinlich, daß sie nicht vom Apostel selbst vf. wurden. Beim 1Petr ist es das gehobene Griech., die durch die Diasporasynagoge geprägte Theol. sowie die im Brief vorausgesetzte Situation der Gemeinden (1,1: Verbreitung des Christentums über ganz Kleinasien; 5,9: Ausgrenzung und Kriminalisierung der Christen im ganz…
Versuchung
(1,762 words)
[English Version]
I. ReligionsgeschichtlichV. ist ein Theologumenon der jüd., christl. und isl., aber auch anderer Rel. Sie entsteht, wenn in einer Situation der Willensfreiheit das Böse als faszinierende, verlockende Überredung u. ä. auftritt (häufig als »Einflüsterung«). Zu unterscheiden sind die V. durch Menschen, durch die Gottheit, durch Dämonen, V. in einem nichttheistischen Kontext sowie der Gottheit durch Menschen. Oft wird V. als Werk einer dämonischen Macht interpretiert, die symbolische…