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Lenau, Nikolaus

(105 words)

Author(s): Schmidt, Thomas
[German Version] Lenau, Nikolaus, (actually Niembsch Edler von Strehlenau; Aug 13, 1802, Csatád, Hungary – Aug 22, 1850, sanatorium Oberdöbling, Austria) was an Austrian lyric poet and writer of epic verse, who combined melancholy with traits of rebellion and social criticism, and was thus exemplary of the inner conflict of his epoch (Biedermeier, Vormärz ). He wrote atmospheric nature lyrics of great musicality, but also wrote poetry with a commitment to intellectual and political freedom. He employed material from the history o…

Diary

(500 words)

Author(s): Schmidt, Thomas
[German Version] The diary, or journal, consists of notes arranged according to the calendar in which a real or fictive author records the events of his or her realm of experience chronologically. The diary is essentially a product of the modern European process of individualization. Because of the plethora of its subjects and linguistic forms, the boundaries of its definition are fluid. It differs from the autobiography (Biography) in its topicality, immediacy, discontinuity, openness to the future, and the lack of an overall plan; from chronicles ¶ it differs in its degree of …

Physical exercise

(2,574 words)

Author(s): Schmidt, Thomas
A. IntroductionPhysical exercise was reinvented in the second half of the 18th century as part of a bourgeois movement culture (Bourgeoisie) that, anthropologically speaking, was attacking the attitudinal conventions of the nobility and attempting to compensate for the Enlightenment’s preoccupation with the intellect. In discourse and in practice, scholars looked particularly to Classical Greece, its gymnastics and agonistics during this process. Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s realignment of the reception of Antiquity, in which physical development was clos…
Date: 2021-01-25

Leibesübungen

(2,202 words)

Author(s): Schmidt, Thomas
A. GrundlinienAls Teil einer bürgerlichen Bewegungskultur (Bürgertum), die anthropologisch die Haltungskonventionen des Adels attackieren und die Verstandeslastigkeit der Aufklärung ausgleichen wollte, wurden die Leibesübungen in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts neu entworfen und erprobt. Dabei bezogen sich die Gelehrten diskursiv und praktisch insbesondere auf das klassische Griechenland und dessen Gymnastik und Agonistik. Johann Joachim Winckelmanns Neuausrichtung der Antikerezeption, in der Körperbildung und Schönheitsideal eng miteinander verknü…
Date: 2020-07-23

Tagebuch

(425 words)

Author(s): Schmidt, Thomas
[English Version] Tagebuch, vom Kalender segmentierte Aufzeichnungen, in denen ein realer oder fiktiver Vf. Ereignisse seines Erfahrungsraums chronologisch manifestiert. Das T. ist im wesentlichen ein Produkt der Individualisierungsprozesse der eur. Neuzeit. Ob der Vielfalt seiner Gegenstände und sprachlichen Formen sind die Definitionsgrenzen fließend: Von der Autobiogr. (Biographie) unterscheidet es sich durch Aktualität, Unmittelbarkeit, Diskontinuität, Zukunftsoffenheit und einem fehlenden Ges…