Search

Roman nomen gentile of Sabine origin. Its members begin to appear in the sources late in the 3rd cent. BC. Politically the most important branch was that of the Terentii Varrones which attained the ranks of the nobility with T. [I 14] Varro, consul in 216 BC. From the mid-2nd cent., several families of this branch were in simultaneous and unconnected existence. Cognomina showing geographical origins are widespread among the Terentii (Afer, Lucanus, Massaliota). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] As people's tribune in 54 BC, T. prevented…

Roman plebeian nomen gentile, often confused with Siccius; members of the family frequently appear as people's tribunes in the 5th cent. BC, but the family is otherwise insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., C. Tradition links S. with the origins and early development of the people's tribunate ( tribunus plebis ): S. was firstly the initiator of the secessio plebis of 494 BC and then one of the people's tribunes, subsequently elected for the first time (Liv. 2,32,2; 2,33,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,45,2; 6,8…

[German version] [1] Friend of the poet Juvenal Friend of the poet  Juvenal, who dedicated satura 12 to him. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Mentioned by Juvenal as an exiled senator Mentioned by Juvenal as an exiled senator (1,108). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Celer Municipal quaestor in Oea in Africa Municipal quaestor in Oea in Africa (Apul. Apol. 101). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Freedman of Claudius, who is said to have honoured him by permitting him the use of a litter and the holding of games in Rome, which was normally the prerogative of the magistrates. PIR2 H 16. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] C.H. Geta Mint master in the 1st cent. BC Mint master, perhaps in the year 54 BC (MRR 2, 441); proscribed by the triumviri in 43, but rescued by his son; later struck from the proscription lists (App. B Civ. 4,171). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] [H.] Geta Senator, probably Augustan-Tiberian period, quaesitor Senator, whose fragmentary cursus probably belongs to the Augustan-Tiberian period because of the office of quaesitor. CIL IX 2844; PIR2 H 215. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C.H. Geta Legionary legate in Britain in 43 AD, orna…

[German version] Member of the senatorial class, who had an estate at Ferentium in southern Etruria (CIL XI 3003 and p. 1313); she was related to Pisibanius [2] (cf. [1. 158f.]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 P. Weiss, Ein Konsulnpaar vom 21. Juni 159 n.Chr., in: Chiron 29, 1999, 147-182.

Plebeian gentilicium, also Coilius, in surviving manuscripts often confused with Caelius (Schulze 155; ThlL, Onom. 2, 523-525). Bearers of this name are documented since the 2nd cent. BC, usually belonging to the Tribus Aemilia. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C. Antipater, L. Historiographer, late 2nd cent. BC Possibly the brother of the senator C. Coelius C.f. [1; 2. 16], a highly educated scholar of law and rhetoric (Cic. Brut. 102; Dig. 1,2,2,40), considered the teacher and friend of L. Licinius Crassu…

[German version] Q. M. Priscus. Praetorian governor of Dacia superior probably from AD 141/2, attested there in 144  (CIL XVI 90). Probably cos. suff. in absentia in August of the same year [1. 56f.]. PIR2 M 760. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Piso, FPD.

[German version] M.H. Fronto Neratius Pansa, PIR2 N 56  Neratius. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] M. S. G., an equestrian who, in AD 260, governed the province of Raetia as vir perfectissimus in place of a senatorial governor ( agens vice praesidis). He was specifically sent to Raetia for this purpose. On 24/25 April 260, he defeated an army of Semnones near Augsburg and built a victory altar there in September of the same year ([1] = AE 1993, 1231b). He may have been born in the province of Germania inferior (cf. recently [2; 3. 226 f.; 4]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 L. Bakker, Raetien unter Postumus, in: Germania 71, 1993, 369-386 2 M. Christol, M. S. G.…

[German version] [II 2a] C. Agrippinus procurator Asiae under Hadrian. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography J. Reynolds, New Letters of Hadrian to Aphrodisias, in: Journal of Roman Archaeology 13, 2000, 5-20. [German version] [II 3a] Ti. C. Antoninus Son of a Tiberius, from the tribus Sergia. Prefect of the cohors II Galatarum (= Gallorum?), tribune of the cohors I Hispanorum milliaria, prefect of the ala Tauriana, procurator of the vicesima hereditatium in the Gaulish-Germanic provinces, procurator in Macedonia under Hadrian, procurator of Britain (unpublished …

(Θεόκριτος/ Theókritos). [German version] [1] Greek sophist and politician, 4th cent. BC T. of Chios, Greek sophist and politician, born before 365 BC, a pupil of the Isocratean (Isocrates) Metrodorus (Str. 14,645; Ps.-Plut. Mor. 11ab; Ath. 12,540 A; Suda s. v. Th.). T. was a convinced opponent of the Macedonian kings and their followers. He directed fierce attacks against Aristoteles [6] (Plut. Mor. 603c; Diog. Laert. 5,11) and Anaximenes [2] of Lampsacus (Hermippus in Ath. 1,21c). Following the conquest o…

Roman nomen gentile, attested to from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze, 132; 516). I. Republican period [German version] [1] F., T. Quaestor in 63 BC; in 57 as plebeian tribune he supported the recall of Cicero (Cic. P. Red. Sen. 21; Ad Q. Fr. 1,4,3; Att. 3,23,4). In 52 he was exiled for unknown reasons (Cic. Fam. 5,18). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Syme, RP 2, 594 (Name). [German version] [2] F. Gallus, M. Epicurean the Epicurean, M.  Fabius [I 18] Gallus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] L. F. Rufinus Cos. suff. AD 113 ; belonged to P…

Roman gens name, probably of Latin origin with Etruscan parallels (the patrician gens in Dion Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7 is invented), historically attested no earlier than the 3rd century BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Between 220-219 BC Creator of a lex Metilia In 220-219 BC, at the instigation of the censors C. Flaminius [1] and L. Aemilius [I 27] Papus, a l ex Metilia was passed on the professional status of fullers ( fullones) (Plin. HN. 35,197; MRR 1, 236). Its exact purpose, its creator and his office remain…

[German version] [1] see Domitius [II 25] Reputedly testator in the will handed down by CIL VI 10229; a new fragment (AE 1976, 77 = AE 1978, 16) shows that this is not the case [1]. Cf. Domitius, [II 25]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Zum neuen Fragment des sogenannten Testamentum Dasumii, in: ZPE 30, 1978, 277ff. [German version] [2] (L.D.) Hadrianus Procos. Asiae c. 106/7 AD Probably from Cordoba; cos. suff in 93, proconsul Asiae c. 106/107 [1; 2; 3]. Presumably related to Dasumia [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Vidman FO2, 44, 85 2 W. Eck, in: Chiron 12, 1982, 43 3 …

[German version] C. (Iulius) Caesar Augustus Germanicus. Roman emperor AD 37-41. Born 31 August 12 in Antium, son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder. A grandnephew of Augustus and grandson of the triumvir Mark Antony by birth, he also became Augustus' grandson, following Germanicus' adoption by Tiberius. He was given the nickname C. (‘bootee’) by the soldiers on the Rhine front, where his mother had taken him in AD 14. On the 26 May 17, he took part in his father's triumph over Germania, follow…

Widely occurring Roman nomen gentile derived from the numeral praenomen Octavus ('one born in the eighth month', which disappeared later, still surviving in Octavus Mamilius [2]). Of political importance in Rome from the 2nd cent. BC is only the older line which consecutively produced five consuls (O. [I 4-8]; preferred praenomen: Cn.; regarding the family relationships [1. 405-407]); the members of the related younger line (resident in Velitrae), on the other hand, from which the later princeps Augustus originated, did not rise above equestri…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (probably from nervus) meaning ‘strength’. Attested in the families of the Aebutii, Cocceii, Licinii and Silii. Its most famous bearer is emperor M. Cocceius N. [2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognominia 105; 247  Walde/Hofmann 2, 165. [German version] [2] Roman emperor AD 96-98 Roman emperor AD 96-98. Born on AD 8 November 30 in Narnia with the name M. Cocceius Nerva; his father was the jurist of same name (Cocceius [5]), his mother Sergia Plautilla. Presumably his fat…

[German version] Equestrian, a close friend of the emperor Tiberius [1] whom he accompanied to Rhodes (V) and later to Capri (Capreae). He also worked as a confidant of Tiberius on the preparation of the trial of Scribonius [II 6] Libo Drusus (Tac. Ann. 2,28,1 f.). V. was probably also close to Aelius [II 19] Seianus, and in AD 32 this led to his execution (Tac. Ann. 6,10,2). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Cliens of Iunia Silana, who in the year AD 55, after Agrippina’s [3] first loss of power, raised an accusation against her. On the demand of Agrippina, he was banished by Nero; after her death in 59 he was allowed to return, Tac. Ann . 13,19; 21f.; 14,12,4; PIR2 J 62. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., L. In 67 BC, he was people’s tribune and, like L. Roscius [I 5] Otho, interceded against the lex Gabinia in the interest of the Senate (and of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus?). A. Gabinius [I 2] initiated T.’ removal from office in the concilium plebis; T. gave way, when Gabinius needed only one more tribus ’ vote for a majority. Possibly from Latium, father of T. [I 2] ([1.267]). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] T. (Fides), L. People’s tribune in 47 BC, who gave himself a purposely devised cognomen (Cic. Phil. 6,11 et passim - or Cicero’s m…

Roman plebeian gentile name (also spelled Deidius on coins and inscriptions, Schulze, 438). The name is attested from the 2nd cent. BC. I Republic [German version] [I 1] D., T.(?) People's tribune 143 BC Probably instituted as people's tribune in 143 BC (MRR 1,472) a law to regulate expenditure on banquets, so extending the lex sumptuaria of C.  Fannius Strabo (Macrob. Sat. 3,17,6). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography E. Baltrusch, Regimen morum, 1989, 85f. [German version] [I 2] D., C. Fleet commander for Caesar In 46/5 BC fleet commander for Caesar (Flor. 2,13,75), i…

Roman family name, probably related to Gabii (Schulze 532f.), widespread in Latium, and documented from the 3rd cent. BC; during the 2nd cent. BC, the family gained senatorial rank. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] G., A. People's tribune 139 BC Allegedly the grandson of a slave (Liv. Per. Oxyrhynch. 54; cf. Cic. Leg. 3,35), in 146 BC envoy to the Achaeans; as people's tribune he introduced the secret ballot with voting tablets ( tabellae) for the election of officials in 139 (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. loc. cit.; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Ge…

[German version] [4] Writer of epigrams Evodus (Εὔοδος; Eúodos) Epigrammatic poet of the Imperial age (1st or 3rd cent. AD), of whom Planudes preserved two short poems, of altogether three hexameters, in the form of riddles (Anth. Pal. 16,116 and 155): the first describes a centaur, the second the phenomenon of the echo, which is int. al. referred to as the ‘residue (τρύγα; trýga) of the voice’ and the ‘tail of the word’. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) [German version] [1] Imperial freedman under Tiberius Imperial freedman who had great influence over Tiberius in the last year of his life. PIR2 E 1…

Rare Italic surname, derived from luscus, ‘one-eyed, squinting’ (early examples: CIL I2 182-184; AE 1992, 586). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., L. Centorio under Sulla Centurion under Sulla, enriched himself during the Proscriptions in 82 BC and was condemned in 64 for triple murder (Ascon. 90 C). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L. Lanuvinus Writer of fabula palliata, rival of Terentius As a writer of palliata , a rival of Terentius (Donat. Andria 7), author of a Phasma (‘The Ghost’; according to Menander) and of a Thesaurus (‘The Treasure’; content in Don…

Roman gens of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 248). [German version] [1] V., L. was accused c. 80 BC of murder and defended by Cicero, who claimed that the deed had been in the interest of the accuser Ancharius [2] Rufus and that hence he was the murderer, but lost the case (Prisc. Institutiones grammaticae 7,70; 12,29; Quint. Inst. 5,13,28; 7,1,9; 7,2,36; 9,2,56). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Rufus A senator; he represented the province of Bithynia et Pontus in the Senate against the proconsul Iulius [II 28] Bassus, who had been accused of extortion (…

[German version] A. Greek (Ἀντώνιος; Antṓnios). [German version] [1] Thallus Epigrammatic poet, 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC Epigrammatic poet from Miletus (according to [2] he had received Roman citizenship, through the patronage of Antonia Minor) lived in the 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC (in Anth. Pal. 6,235 the birth of a Καῖσαρ [ Kaîsar] is celebrated, who is to be equated with either C. Julius Caesar, the grandson of Augustus, or with Germanicus). His five epigrams, which derive from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus, are certainly conventional in their…

[German version] Gnaea Seia Herennia S. Barbia Orbiana. Daughter of Sallustius [II 5] Macrianus, according to Herodianus (6,1,9) from a patrician line, wedded to the emperor Severus Alexander in AD 225. She received the title of Augusta. Apparently, conflicts with the emperor's mother Iulia [9] Mamaea soon emerged, a fact which is claimed to have led S.'s father to attempt an overthrow. S. was divorced from Severus at the end of 227 at the latest and banished to Africa. Her name was removed from inscriptions. Regarding the name s. especially [1; 2. 179]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliograph…

[German version] [1] Alleged mistress of Catilinarian Q. Curius From a noble family, friend and alleged mistress (perhaps because of defamatory accounts) of Catilinarian Q. Curius [3]. She informed Cicero of the conspiracy (Sall. Catil. 23,3-4; 26,3; 28,2). Stegmann, Helena (Bonn) [German version] [2] Wife of Clodius Pulcher, then of C. Sempronius Curio ans finally of M. Antonius Daughter of M.  Fulvius [I 1] Bambalio and Sempronia, date of birth unknown, married until 52 BC to  Clodius [I 4] Pulcher, until 49 to C.  Scribonius Curio and then to Marcus…

Roman patrician gentilic name (from the praenomen Postumus ), found in the highest offices from the 5th cent. BC on and politically significant until the 2nd cent. BC. As dictator in 499 or 496 BC, an A. P. is supposed to have decided the battle at Lacus Regillus (Liv. 2,19-20). The Albi or Albini (Regillenses), who withdrew from politics with P. [I 9]'s military failure in the Jugurthine War at the end of the 2nd cent. BC, are his descendants. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., C. Etruscan haruspex, even consulted by Sulla Etruscan haruspex ( haruspices …

[German version] [1] (M. Antonius?) H. Imperial financial official in Egypt, 1st cent. AD Imperial freedman, active in the financial administration of Egypt c. AD 26-28, perhaps in a similar position as the   dioiketes of later times (POxy. 3807; although he is not mentioned as praefectus Aegypti there). Tiberius appointed him in AD 32 as the prefect of Egypt for a few months after the death of Vitrasius Pollio, but he died shortly after. The consul of AD 133, M. Antonius Hiberus, was supposedly his descendent (PIR2 H 168; if the inscription AE 1975, 861 = [1] does not refer to him). Eck, Werne…

Roman gens name, probably taken from the forename Manius, which in mss is frequently confused with Mallius, Manilius, Manlius. The family was significant in the 2nd cent. BC through M. [I 3] and [I 4]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. (or Manlius?), L. Writer, senator AD 97, [I 1] M. (or Manlius?), L. Senator in 97 BC, wrote about the Phoenix (as first in Lat.: Plin. HN 10,4f.), about natural wonders and sacred law. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography Schanz/Hosius 1, 605f. [German version] [I 2] M., C. People's tribune in 66 AD People's tribune in …

[German version] Belonged to the inner circle of friends of Livia [2]. According to Tacitus (4,12,4), Aelius [II 19] Seianus was able to learn of Livia's intentions and also to influence them through MP's lover, Iulius Postumus. The uncertainty of the transmission of the name makes it doubtful whether Cass. Dio 58,4,6 and 7 can be regarded as referring to MP. PIR2 M 763. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] (from Latin terminus , 'boundary'). The definition of boundaries between land belonging to individuals, but esp. between communities. An official boundary was almost never drawn between Roman provinces, however, because their limits were defined by the territorial extent of the autonomous administrative units concerned. Markers were boundary stones ( termini; ILS 5926) or wooden posts [1. 244]. The terminatio was carried out by mensores, 'surveyors'; some of the theoretical technical literature survives (cf. [1; 2; 3]). Roman magistrates wer…

Italian, presumably a family name from Etruria (Schulze 80; 225). Cf. also Satyrius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., M. As the son of L. Minucius Basilus's sister, he was adopted by him, but was bypassed by means of a forged will (Cic. Off. 3,73 f.; Minucius [I 4]). In 44/43 BC he is recorded as patron of the Picentes and Sabines and a follower of M. Antonius [I 9] (Cic. Off. 3,74; Cic. Phil. 2,107). He cannot be identified with the legate of C. Trebonius in Cicero (Ad Brut. 1,6,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] S. Rufus Senator in the reign of …

[German version] Vestal, the oldest in the College of Vestals in AD 48; shortly before her death she was asked by Messalina [2] to intercede with Claudius [III 1] regarding her marrying C. Silius [II 1] (Tac. Ann. 11,32,2). She and her father Vibidius Virro were honoured in Athens (IG II/III2 3532). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, 627, Nr. 805.

Italian family name, attested at Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but of political importance only from the time of Augustus, with S. [II 4-6] (Schulze, 228). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Mint magistrate in 101 BC (RRC 328) and praetor urbanus c. 93-89 (ILS 8208; Syme, RP 2, 608 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S. Saturninus Vetulo Proscribed in 43 BC, took refuge on Sicily (Val. Max. 7,3,9). With his cousin Scribonius [I 7] Libo he led the embassy to Antonius [B I 9] for Sex. Pompeius [I 5] in 40 B…

[German version] [1] U. Marciana See Marciana. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1a] U. Plotina Named in the year AD 69 on a tabula cerata from Herculaneum. She may have been a sister of M. Ulpius [12] Traianus and hence a maternal aunt of the later emperor Traianus [1] (AE 1993, 461). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] U. Severina Wife of Aurelianus [3] (SHA Aurelian. 50,2), elevated to Augusta probably in AD 274 (CIL III 472; V 29; V 3330; IX 2327; AE 1927,81; 1934,44), mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (AE 1930, 150). Daughter of Ulpius [4] Crinitus (?) …

[German version] M.B. Aemilianus, cos. suff. in the year 140 (CIL XVI 177); RMD 1, 39; originated from Aquileia (EOS 2, 332f.). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] M.N.Attidius Senecio Albinus 3rd cent. AD official Praefectus urbi in AD 256 and 261-263, and so cos. suff. before  256, and cos. II ord. in 263. Son of N. [4], married to  [- - -]ia Aurelia Flavia Archelais. N.'s son was presumably a [M. N. Flavius] Archelaus Sene[cio Albinus], his daughter [N]ummia (s. CIL VI 41225a). PIR2 N 227. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M.N.Ceienius Annius Albinus Late 3rd/early 4th cent. AD praetor urbanus Praetor urbanus. Like other praetors, at the end of the 3rd or beginning of the 4th century AD, he establish…

Roman plebeian nomen gentile, probably not from faber (‘smith’), but from Etruscan hapre like Faberius and others. [1; 2]. Perhaps the family immigrated to Rome [3], in the 3rd cent. BC it became part of the nobility with F. [I 3] but was unable to maintain this status in the 2nd cent. In Rome there was a compitum Fabricium (Fest. 180L) or a vicus Fabrici (ILS 6073) between Caelius and Palatine, perhaps named after the place of residence of F. [I 3] [4], and the pons Fabricius,  F. [I 1]. I. Republican period [German version] [1] F., L. People's tribune 62 BC In 62 BC probably people's trib…

[German version] [1] the Elder. Wife of Senator Caecina Paetus, died 42 AD Wife of Senator Caecina Paetus; when he was sentenced to death by Emperor Claudius in 42, she killed herself (Plin. Ep. 3,16; Tac. Ann. 16.34.2; Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 96). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] the Younger. Wife of P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus (1st cent. AD) Daughter of [1], wife of P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus, cos. suff. in 56; like her mother, she wanted to join her husband in death in the year 66; he prevented her from doing so (Tac. Ann. 16,34,2). Mother of Fannia who…

[German version] [1] Annia G. Faustina see  Faustina [1] Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] G. Fundana Wife of the later emperor Vitellius about AD 60 Daughter of a senator of praetorian rank, related also to Galerius [4] [1]. Married A. Vitellius, the later emperor, no later than around AD 60. In 69 she joined her husband in Gaul. After his death she took care of the funeral. PIR2 G 33. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, in: ZPE 101, 1994, 229f.

[German version] [1] Trajan, Roman Emperor, AD 98-117 Roman emperor, AD 98-117. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] I. Career up to accession T. was probably born in 53, the son of the consular (of the same name), M. Ulpius [12] Traianus, and probably a certain Marcia, perhaps a daughter of Marcius [II 3] Barea. The family came from Italica in Hispania Baetica. Little is known of T.' senatorial career. He served as a tribunus [4] militum under his father in Syria (but certainly not for ten stipendia ('campaigns'), as alleged in Plin. Pan. 15,3). After his praetorship (before 84…

[German version] L.F.Vettonianus. Originally probably from Caesaraugusta in Spain. Was accepted into the Senate under Claudius; after the offices of quaestor, tribune of the people, and praetor, he became legate of the legio IV Scythica in Syria and Armenia in the year AD 62 (Tac. Ann. 15,7,1). Joined Vespasianus; in 78, he was appointed to the office of (among others) praefectus aerarii Saturni before becoming cos. suff. In the following, he became consular legate of Dalmatia ( c. 79-82), Pannonia (82-86), and of the newly organized province of Moesia superior (86-88), …

Name of a Roman patrician family (epigraphically also Serveilius), said to have migrated to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius [4] (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The oldest branches are the Ahalae and Fidenates in the 5th and 4th cents. BC; the Caepiones and Gemini, from whom the Vatiae (Isaurici) descended, appear in the 3rd cent. The last prominent member of the Servilii Caepiones was the murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, son of Servilia [1], and himself adopted into the family. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A fleet commander in the B…

[German version] [1] C. S. Paullinus A senator, already of praetorian rank in AD 42, thus born AD 11 at the latest (Cass. Dio 60,9). As legate to Claudius [III 1], he founded his reputation as a military commander by penetrating deep into Moorish territory across the Atlas in 42. As Tacitus (Hist. 2,37,1) calls him vetustissimus consularium, his consulate probably dates from before 45. It is uncertain whether he accompanied Claudius to Britannia in 43. Probably in 58 he took over the governorship of Britannia from Q. Veranius [1. 765 f.]. He conquered…

Roman nomen gentile, also confused with Sestius . According to tradition, the family achieved prominence in the 4th cent. BC with S. [I 6] who obtained access to the consulate for plebeians. The family was unimportant under the Republic, with the exception of S. [1 3]; the branch which was best known into the 3rd cent. AD originated with Caesar's follower S. [I 2], but it made spurious claims to be descended from the first plebeian consul S. [I 6] (hence the epithets Africanus and Laterensis). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., Q. Founder of t…

( Sossia). [German version] [1] Pompeia S. Falconilla Daughter of Pompeius Sosius [II 2] Priscus ( cos. ord. in AD 149); married to M. Pontius [II 3] Laelianus ( cos. ord. in 163). An indication of her social position was her extraordinary paternal ancestral line, which therefore - as with her grandmother S. [2] Polla - always appears in her inscriptions (CIL VIII 7066; AE 1935, 26). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] S. Polla Daughter of Sosius [II 4] Senecio who had married a daughter of Sex. Iulius Frontinus. S. was married to Q. Pompeius [II 8] Falco ( cos. suff. in 108) whom sh…

[German version] [1] T.C. Statius Quinctius Macedo Knight, around 100 AD Eques from Aquileia. Procurator of Pannonia(?), praesidial procurator of Mauretania Caesariensis in AD 107 (PIR2 C 181) [1. 158ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] T.C. Statius Quinctius Macedo Quinctianus Senator under Hadrian Son of C. [1]. He was much supported in his senatorial career by Hadrian; i.a., he was comes Hadriani per Orientem et Illyricum, and attained a suffect consulate in c. AD 138, (AE 1957, 135; CIL V 865 = ILS 1069) [2. 347]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] T.C. Stat…

Name of a patrician Roman family, derived from the praenomen Quintus (comparable to Sextus/ Sextius, etc.), often also Quintius in inscriptions and MSS. The origin of the family is unknown; its great age is suggested by its connection with the festival of the Lupercalia (Ov. Fast. 2,378 has Quintilii) and the unusual praenomen of the family, Kaeso, encountered in this context ( v. Q. [I 1]). Livy counts them among the families that migrated to Rome from Alba with King Tullius Hostilius (1,32,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7 mentions the Quinctilii). The Quinctii are mentioned many tim…

[German version] [1] C. Tiro Proconsul of the Baetica, around 107 BC Friend of Pliny the Younger (Ep. 7,16), quaestor Caesaris, tribunus plebis, praetor in AD 93, procos. prov. Baeticae c. AD 107 (Plin. Ep. 6,22,7; 9,5; PIR2 C 222) [1. 779ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] T.C. Tiro Iulius Maternus Governor of Lycia-Pamphylia AD 132-135 Son of C. [3], governor of Lycia-Pamphylia AD 132-135 (AE 1972, 651a; IGR 3, 704, 1) [2. 83f.; 3. 39, 43]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] T.C. Tiro Orbius Speratus Cos. suff. in 122 Senator, probably a younger brother or …

Old Italic nomen gentile (Schulze 229). [German version] [1] C. Iunius S. Augurinus Cos. ord. in AD 132 (Degrassi, FCIR 38). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. S. Augurinus Son of S. [1]. Cos. ord. in AD 156, procos. of Africa in 169/170 [1. 69 f.]. Presumably he, and his father too, already had patrician rank; cf. CIL VI 1979. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Thomasson, Fasti Africani.

[German version] also transmitted as Ager(r)inus. Freedman of Agrippina [3] the younger (also C. Iulius A.), falsely accused by Nero of an assassination attempt (Tac. Ann. 14,6-10; Suet. Nero 34,3; PIR2 A 456). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Roman family name, probably derived from Varus. Name-bearers first attested in the 1st cent. BC, but only in the Imperial period did they attain any prominence. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Cotyla, L. Aedile in 48, 47 or 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 13,26), emissary at Rome for M. Antonius [I 9] in 43, and his legate in Gallia transalpina (Cic. Phil. 5,5-7; 8,24-32; Plut. Antonius 18,8). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V. Rufus, L. Roman poet, c. 70-15 BC Renowned Roman poet (Hor. Ars P. 55) of the Augustan period (c. 70-15 BC). Wi…

Name of an old patrician family, probably connected with the name of the god  Jupiter [1. 281; 2. 729]. The gens was one of the so-called ‘Trojan families’, who were said to have moved from Alba Longa to Rome under king Tullus Hostilius [I 4] (see below). The Iulii were prominent in the 5th and 4th cents. BC. Their connection to the family branch of the Caesares, which rose to prominence from the 3rd cent. and whose outstanding member was the dictator  Caesar (with family tree), is unclear. Caesar's adoptive son,…

[German version] Eunuch, who was the food taster of  Claudius [III 1], and is supposed to have given him the poison from which he died at the order of  Agrippina [3]. Although he was found guilty under Nero, Galba protected him and conferred a financially lucrative procuratorship on him. PIR2 H 11. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of a Roman gens, prominent from the 1st cent. BC; also attested in Delos. [German version] [1] P., Q. Consul suffectus 43 BC, son of Caesar's sister Julia C. 90-43 BC, son (not grandson as in Suet. Iul. 83,2) of Caesar's sister Iulia [1. 687] and a legate of Caesar in Gaul  58-55 (Caes. Gall. 2,2,1; 2,11,3). As praetor in 48, P. suppressed a revolt by T. Annius [I 14] Milo (Caes. Civ. 3,22). In 46/5, as a legate of Caesar, P. began the Spanish campaign with Q. Fabius [I 22] Maximus (Bell. Hisp. 2,2; Cass. Dio 43,31,1) and triumphed on 13 December 45 illegally ex Hispania (InscrIt 13,1,567; Ca…

Name of a Roman lineage (Sabine Clausus, with the vernacular variant of   Clodius , esp. in the 1st cent. BC). The Claudii supposedly immigrated to Rome from the Sabine city of Regillum at the beginning of the republic in 504 BC under their ancestor Att(i)us Clausus ( Appius) and were immediately accepted into the circle of patrician families (Liv. 2,16,4-6), which explains why the early members received the invented epithets of Inregillensis C. [I 5-6] and Sabinus C. [I 31-32], [1. 155f.]. The praenomen Appius came to signify the family. Named after them was the Tribus Claudi…

Old and frequently attested Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 242; 425). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., T. As praef. of the Pompeians, he took part in the fortification of Curubis in c. 47 BC (ILS 5319). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] T. Damio Owned a vestibulum (hallway) on the via Sacra in Rome into which Cicero fled from P. Clodius [I 4] in 57 BC (Cic. Att. 4,3,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] C. T. Africanus Cassianus Priscus Eques, from Asisium. Under Vespasianus praefectus vigilum and praefectus annonae; under Titus [II …

[German version] L. Proculus. Equestrian, represented the prefect of Egypt (POxy. 3050) in AD 252/3 [1. 313; 2. 87; 3. 514]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Bastianini, in: ZPE 17, 1975, 263-328 2Id., in: ZPE 38, 1980, 75-89 3Id., Il prefetto d'Egitto (30 a.C. - 297 d.C.): Addenda (1973-1985), in: ANRW II 10.1, 1988, 503-517.

Name of a Roman plebeian house (originally Ailius), verifiable from the 4th cent. BC until the late imperial era. The most important families are the Paeti (since the 4th cent. BC), Tuberones (since the 2nd cent. BC), and from the 1st cent. also the Galli and Lamiae. In the imperial era, especially since Hadrian, the most famous bearer of the name, the name Aelius is so widespread that it -- just like Flavius and Aurelius -- loses its character as nomen gentile. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] Ae. Unknown author of a lex Aelia, mid 2nd cent. BC unknown author of a lex Aelia (mostly mentioned t…

Roman family name, probably derived from, and in manuscripts often confused with, Geminus (Schulze 108). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] G. Friend of Pompey Friend of Pompey, on whose orders he murdered M. Iunius Brutus in 77 BC (Plut. Pompeius 2,6; 16,6). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] G. Friend des M. Antonius Friend of the triumvir Marcus Antonius [I 9], who tried in vain to persuade the latter to return to Rome in 32 BC and become reconciled with Octavian (Plut. Antonius 59,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1]…

[German version] [1] A. (L. Aurelius), freedperson of the emperor Verus A. (L. Aurelius), freedperson of the emperor Verus, who married, against the objections of Marcus Aurelius, the widow of the senator Annius Libo to the libertus (SHA Verus 9,3; 19,5; Marcus 15,2; PIR2 A 452; [1. 243] s. v. Annius Libo). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] A. (L. Aurelius). son of no. 1 A. (L. Aurelius). Probably son of no. 1 and married to Marcus Aurelius' youngest daughter Vibia Aurelia Sabina (CIL XV 7402; [1. 239, 243]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 A. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 21987…

[German version] [1] C. P. Messalinus Senator, cos. ord. AD 147 Senator. Praetorian legate of legio III Augusta in Numidia AD 143-146. Cos. ord. in 147. He was probably also legate of Moesia inferior, if CIL III 7529 and [1. 14] refer to him; but they may instead refer to P. [3]. PIR2 P 926. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 B. Gerov, Inscriptiones Latinae in Bulgaria Repertae, 1989. [German version] [2] P. Messalinus Consular legate in Pannonia, AD 188-191? Consular legate of Pannonia superior under Commodus, perhaps AD 188-191. Probably son of P. [1]. PIR2 P 927. Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

[German version] [1] T.H. Severus Consul ord. 141 AD Cos. ord. in AD 141, possibly came from Umbria (PIR2 H 189); perhaps related by blood to  Iuventius Celsus, cos. II in 129. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography M. Gaggiotti, L. Sensi, in: EOS 2,237. [German version] [2] T.H. Severus Consul suff. 170 AD Son of H. [1]. Patrician, cos. suff. in AD 170. PIR2 H 190. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Senator, who as legate of the legio XV Apollinaris in the army of Lower Germany in AD 69 was in command of the winter camp of his legion and the remains of the legio V Alaudae. He attacked Iulius [II 43] Civilis on the island of Batavia, but withdrew defeated to Vetera. There he had to surrender owing to lack of food. He escaped the massacre of the retreating troops. When he was sent by Civilis as a gift to the seer  Veleda, he was murdered on the way (Tac. Hist. 4,18; 4,22; 4,61,2-3). PIR2 M 741. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography u Th. Franke, Die Legionslegaten der römischen Ar…

[German version] [1] Aemilianus Cos. suff. around 177 AD Among other offices praetorian legate of Thracia between AD 176 and 180, cos. suff. around 177 [1. 262]. Consular governor of Syria about 188 [2]; proconsul of Asia in 192/193. As a relative of Clodius Albinus he remained neutral between Septimius Severus and Pescennius Niger, for a longer period; but was finally defeated by Septimius in the summer of 193 as a general of Niger and executed soon after (Herodian 3,2,2; 6; Cass. Dio 74,6,4; SHA Sept. Sev. 8,16; [3]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Claudianus Senator (2nd …

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] Historian, 1st cent. BC 1st cent. BC, published a work of history or epic probably about the first Punic war ( bellum Carthaginiense Fest. 158 M), perhaps identical to no. 5 [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Banker Banker (Hor. Epod. 2,67). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Marius, 2nd half of 3rd cent. BC Marius, Campanian, fell in 215 BC fighting against Rome (Liv. 23,35,13; 19). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schanz/Hosius, 1, 202. [German version] [4] Avitus Latin poet of the 2nd/3rd…

[German version] For many years a high cubicularius of Domitian, who had great influence with the emperor (Mart. 4,78,8). He took part in the plot against Domitian and wounded him mortally (Cass. Dio 67,15,1-5; Suet. Dom. 17,2). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Roman emperor, AD 69-79. Born T. Flavius Vespasianus on 17 Nov. AD 9 at Falacrinae near Reate, son of the tax farmer Flavius [II 39] Sabinus and Vespasia Polla, a daughter of an equestrian officer [1. 155-160]. Married to Flavia [1] Domitilla; the marriage produced Titus [II 2] (born in AD 39) and Domitian (Domitianus [1], born in AD 51). [German version] I. Early career At the urging of his mother, V. followed his uncle and his elder brother, Flavius [II 40] Sabinus, in pursuing a senatorial career. His first position was as tribunus [4] militum in Thracia (pro…

[German version] Eques who in AD 55 became praefectus annonae through the support of Agrippina [3] and was held in high esteem by the people of Rome. Appointed by Nero in 62 to the position of praefectus praetorio along with Tigellinus; when the latter accused him of having had a relationship with Agrippina and Nero mistrusted him, he joined the Pisonian conspiracy. After it was uncovered, he was executed. It is still very uncertain whether the horrea Faeniana go back to him (CIL VI 37796). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography H. Pavis d'Escurac, La préfecture de l'annone, 1976, 322 PIR2 F 10…

Roman family name, from the frequent place name Luca. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., M. Companion of Pompey Strabo before Asculum in 89 BC Young companion of Pompeius Strabo before Asculum in 89 BC (ILLRP 515, I. 10; Social Wars [3]), perhaps son of the legate Lucanus, named in Livy for the same year (Liv. Per. 75). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L., Q. Centurion of Caesar, fell in 54 BC as primus pilus Aduatuca Centurion of Caesar, fell in 54 BC as primus pilus in Aduatuca (Caes. B. Gall. 5,35,7). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] L. …

[German version] [1] A., M. Tribunus plebis 401 BC Tribunus plebis 401 BC (MRR 1, 84). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Rufus Supporter of Pompeius supporter of Pompeius (Caes. B Civ. 3,83,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] A. Nerva, Q. Cos. suff. in AD 100 cos. suff. in AD 100, probably identical to the governor of Lower Germany in 101/102 (CIL XIII 7697; 7715 f.; FOst 45; PIR2 A 101 [1]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Eck, 161 f.

Italic personal name, historically attested since the 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 3,70). [German version] [1] Decidius Saxa, L. People's tribune 44 BC born in Spain (according to Cic. Phil. 11,5,12), but probably of Italic descent, he fought against the Pompeians in Spain in 49 BC (Caes. B Civ. 1,66,3) and in 45 probably against Pompeius' sons. Designated people's tribune by Caesar for 44, he joined M. Antonius [I 9] after Caesar's death and became a member of a commission for the distribution of land to veterans (MRR 2…

Old Roman nomen gentile, derived from the prename Marcus. Tradition knows of a patrician branch with the (mythical) king Ancus M. [I 3] and Cn. M. Coriolanus as its most important members. The younger members of the family (from the 3rd cent.) were plebeian without a link to the patrician Marcii being evident. Important families included the Rutili, later also the Censorini, Tremuli, Reges and Rallae. In the Late Republic the family claimed descent from the kings Ancus M. and Numa Pompilius (therefore the cognomen Rex, see M. [I 5]; RRC 346; 425; Suet. Iul. 6,1; [4. 154]) as wel…

Name of a Roman plebeian family which does not appear until the 1st century BC; in fact a nickname ('flat-footed'). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in 114 BC Elected people's tribune for the year 113 BC. Straight after assuming office in December 114, he carried through a law which led to new proceedings for 'fornication' against the Vestals Licinia [4] and Marcia [3] under the chairmanship of C. Cassius [I 17] Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Nat. D. 3,74; Ascon. 45f. C.). MRR 1, 536. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] P., Sex. Praetor in 77 BC, pr…

[German version] S. Camerinus belonged to the family of the Licinii, probably the son of Licinius [II 10] Crassus, who was cos. in AD 64. S. was apparently killed along with his parents under Nero. Under Vitellius, a slave by the name of Geta claimed to be S. but was exposed and executed (Tac. Hist. 2,72). PIR2 L 241. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Dealer in poisons, probably from Gaul, who, according to tradition, supplied the poison to Agrippina [3] to kill Claudius in AD 54, and in the following year to Nero to eliminate Britannicus. Although L. had previously been sentenced for murder by poisoning, she was now set free. In 68 Nero also used poison prepared by her for his suicide. Galba had her executed. PIR2 L 414. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Senator, cos. suff. in 148 AD (FO2 51). His father (or grandfather) of the same name, probably mentioned in Plin. Ep. 4,15,3, was married to a daughter of the senator Asinius Rufus (cf. [1]) and this eased his rise to senatorial status. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 7, 604.

[German version] Nabataean (Nabataei), leading office-bearer of the Nabataean king Obodas II: epitropos [1] (in Jos. BI 1,487; Str. 16,4,23 f.); dioiketes (Nicolaus of Damascus, Excerpta Historica 3,1,1 Boissevain). When Aelius [II 11] Gallus, the prefect of Egypt, went into battle against southern Arabia in 24 BC, S. advised on the route the army took. Because it was a failure, Strabo accuses him (16,4,23 f.) of treason. S. played a substantial role in the competition between the local rulers in the area of Syria, Judaea and Nabataea;…

[German version] [1] C.? O. Benignus Military officer in the 1st cent. AD Legate of the newly established legio I Adiutrix; he fell at the battle of Bedriacum in AD 69. PIR2 O 136. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] P. O. Senecio Governor of Dacia superior under Antoninus [1] Pius Praetorian governor of Dacia superior under Antoninus [1] Pius. In AD 148, he rose to the position of suffect consul, probably while still in the province [1. 57f.]. PIR2 O 137. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Piso, FPD.

[German version] Refers to a room in which tied-up slaves had to spend the night; it also refers to a group of bound slaves. With the acquisition of larger numbers of slaves during the Roman expansion in the 2nd and 1st cents. BC, the Roman slave owners were more frequently confronted with the fact that slaves fled or became violent against their owners. The result was an increased occurrence of slaves being tied up, who also had to do their work in that condition ( compediti or vincti). This phenomenon becomes clear both in Cato as well as in Varro without the word ergastulum being used, which,…

[German version] C. L. Fronto. His correct name is C. Aeternius Fronto. Equestrian who was one of the leading officers of Titus in the siege of Jerusalem. He was involved in the sentencing of prisoners. Praefectus Aegypti in AD 78/9; [1. 276; 2. 480, 506]; PIR2 L 287. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Bastianini, in: ZPE 17, 1975, 263-328 2 P. Bureth, Le préfet d'Égypte (30 av.J.-C.-297 ap.J.-C.): État présent de la documentation en 1973, in: ANRW II 10.1, 1988, 472-502.

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] M., friend of Catullus (1st cent. BC) M., friend of Catullus (Carm. 68 is dedicated to him). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Bala, C., mint master in 92 BC Bala, C., mint master in 92 BC (RRC 336). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Fuscianus, cos. suff. (around 160 AD) Fuscianus, C., praetorian governor of Arabia around AD 160 and cos. suff. (PIR2 A 544) [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] Fuscus, governor (end of 2nd cent. AD) Fuscus, C., son of no. 3, consular governor of Germania Inferior, p…

[German version] [1] Wife of L. Arruntius [II 8] Camillus Scribonianus, 1st cent. AD Possibly a daughter of C. Vibius [II 9] Marsus, wife of L. Arruntius [II 8] Camillus Scribonianus; when the latter, as governor of Dalmatia rebelled unsuccessfully against Claudius [III 1] in AD 42, he died in her arms while fleeing. She was banished but in 52 was again prosecuted, together with her son (cf. Tac. Ann. 12,52,1; Plin. Epist. 3,16,7-9). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, 621 f., Nr. 798. [German version] [2] See Matidia [2] See Matidia [2] (the Younger). …

[German version] [1] Caelius Sabinus, Cn. Suffect consul in AD 69. Very influential jurist at the time of Vespasian (Dig. 1,2,2,53); successor to  Cassius Longinus as head of the Sabinian law school, he wrote a commentary Ad edictum aedilium curulium. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 142ff. 2 PIR I2 1194. [German version] [2] Iunius A. Rusticus, Q. Cos. suff. 92 AD In AD 66 as tribunus plebis he wanted to intercede in the Senate on behalf of Thrasea (Tac. Ann. 16,26,4f.); 70 praetor, 92 suffect consul (AE 1…

[German version] [1] Wife of Caesar Daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (Suet. Iul. 21). On the Ides of March AD 44, she pleaded urgently with her husband Caesar to stay away from the Senate session (Suet. Iul. 81,3; Plut. Caes. 63,8-12; Cass. Dio 44,17,1; Val. Max. 1,7,2; Vell. Pat. 2,57,2). Caesar had married the 18-year-old for political reasons in 59 BC (Plut. Caes. 14,8; Pomp. 47,10; App. B Civ. 2,51; Cass. Dio 38,9,1, [1. 75 A.46]). Their marriage remained childless [2. 466]. After Caesar's death, C. transferred his assets to Mark Antony (Plut. Ant. 15; App. B Civ. 2,524). Stroth…

Name of a plebeian gens (probably derived from Caeculus, older form is Caicilios, Greek Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος [ Kaikílios, Kekílios]; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), whose existence is documented since the 5th cent. (since C. [I 1]), but who only gained importance in the 2nd cent.; their most famous branch were the C. Metelli (I 10-32). A later explanation related the name back to Caeculus, the legendary founder of Praeneste, or Caecas, a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 38). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC …

Rare Roman family name. We know of a C.N. Vala, who as IIIvir monetalis in 41 BC minted aurei and denarii (RRC 514; see under N. [1]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] N. Vala Addressee of Hor. epist. 1, 15 Horace wrote to him around 20 BC (Hor. Epist. 1,15). Possibly identifiable with the C.N. Vala, who in 41 AD is documented as mint master (RRC 1, 522f. No. 514). PIR2 N 243; 244. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.N.Vala Legate of Q. Varus in Germania Legate of Quinctilius Varus on the latter's last campaign through Germania; N. fled with the cavalry in…

[German version] [1] Aunt of Nero Daughter of Domitius [II 2]; sister of D. [5]; Nero's aunt on his father's side. Possibly she was frequently married [1. 162f., 166], but her only husband known to us by name is C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus, cos. II 44, who left her probably in AD 41 to marry Agrippina the Younger, which was the cause of the deepest aversion between the two women. Thus in AD 55 she was involved in an intrigue against Agrippina. Shortly after Agrippina's death in AD 59, D. also died, supposedly poisoned by Nero, who appropriated her immense fortune [1. 159ff.; 2]. PIR2 D 171. Eck…

[German version] [1] Annia Galeria Aurelia F. Daughter of Marcus Arelius, born after AD 151 Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and F. [3]. Born probably AD 151 [1. 108, 247; 2. 161], married to Cn. Claudius [II 62] Severus, cos. II 173. Her son was Ti. Claudius [II 65] Severus Proculus, cos. ord. 200. PIR2 C 1028. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 A. R. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 21988 2 W. Ameling, Die Kinder des Marc Aurel..., in: ZPE 90, 1992, 147-166. [German version] [2] Annia Galeria F. Wife of Antoninus Pius Wife of Emperor  Antoninus [1] Pius. Daughter of  Annius [II 15] Verus, cos. III A…

Italic family name (Schulze, 483), attested in Campania from the 3rd cent., in Rome for plebeians from the 2nd cent. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., C. Praetor c. 104 BC Praetor and probably proconsul of Macedonia or Asia around 104 BC (MRR 1,560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C. (Clovius), C. Mint master 45 BC Mint master in 45 BC (RRC 476) and at the same time Caesar's prefect, probably responsible for land allotments in Gallia Cisalpina (Cic. Fam. 13,7; MRR 2,313); further identification, especially with the C.C. mentioned in the so-called …

Common cognomen (‘the lisper’), e.g. in the gens Gellia, Naevia, Iunia, Pedia, Sallustia, Sentia, Sempronia. [German version] [1] Freund of Atedius Melior, Senator, died 90 AD Friend of Atedius Melior, probably a senator; died before AD 90 (Stat. 2,1,189ff.). A link with P. Sallustius Lucullus remains uncertain, cf. [1. 12f., 334ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Scheid, Collège. [German version] [2] Roman jurist Jurist, probably a student with  Labeo of Trebatius (cf. Dig. 33,2,31). Identification with Q. Iunius B. (cos. suff. AD 10) is questionable. Eder, Walter (Ber…

Roman cognomen (‘wide-browed’), first attested in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Rich patron of Martial A rich patron of Martial (1,55,2). He could be identical with Ti. Catius Caesius F., cos. suff. in AD 96. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Praetorian governor of Galatia under Tiberius Praetorian governor of Galatia under Tiberius, perhaps AD 27-31. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography S. Mitchell, in: Chiron 16, 1986, 23ff. PIR2 F 485). [German version] [3] [...]us F. Cos. suff. AD 165 Cos. suff. in AD 165, (Vidman, FO2 52; there a…

[German version] [1] L. Eggius Praef. castrorum of Varus in Germania praef. castrorum of Varus in Germania (Vell. Pat. 2,119,4). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.E. Ambibulus Cos. 126 AD Identical with [C. Eggius] Ambibulus Pom[ponius Lon]ginus Cassianus L. Maecius Pos[tumus] of CIL IX 1123. His career began as a senator's son under Trajan, who admitted him among the patricians, and in 126 he became an ordinary consul. Like all other senatorial Eggii, he was from Aeclanum. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, in: EOS 2, 132ff. PIR2 E 5, 6. [German version] [3] C.E…

Oscan praenomen, shortened to No., attested for N. Calavius [2], the maker of the Ficoronian cista Novios Plautios (ILS 8562), and in other inscriptions. Probably a particularly frequent gentilicium from the 3rd cent. BC onwards in Campania and spreading from there into the eastern Mediterranean. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] Representative of the literary Atellana, early 1st cent. BC As a representative of the literary atellana, N. appears to have been at work ahead of Pomponius (leading representative of the genr…

Name of a plebeian family [1], perhaps from Cales, politically active from the 3rd cent. BC. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in the mid-2nd cent. BC People's tribune (?) in the mid-2nd cent. BC, otherwise unknown author of a lex Fufia on the fixing of permissible days for public assemblies (usually mentioned together with the lex Aelia,  Aelius [I 1]). MRR 1,452f.; 3,3f. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] F., L. Rom. orator in the 1st cent. BC Known as an orator in the 90s of the 1st cent. BC. Around 97 his speech in the prosecu…

Roman praenomen ( P. Iulius, a contemporary of Romulus [1]), and secondarily a cognomen. Depending on the form, a diminutive (older * prokelo-) of the stem * proko- (~ classical procus 'wooer, suitor'), it originally perhaps meant 'the one who demands or claims (the inheritance?)'. Proca (King of Alba Longa) can also be regarded as etymologically connected. The praenomen, which had already become rare at an early time, survived in derivatives, the gentilician names Procilius and Proculeius. Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) [German version] [1] Roman jurist, 1st cent. The jurist fro…

Name of a widely-branched Roman plebeian family who became well known from the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC on, but only achieved the consulate for the first time at the end of the cent. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] R. Lupus, P. Consul in 90 BC Praetor no later than 93 BC; consul in 90. During the Social War [3], he received the command of the northern army; against the advice of his legate C. Marius [I 1], he was lured into an ambush by the Marsi and was killed in the valley of the Tolnus (modern Turano; Liv. Per. 73; App. B Civ. 1,191-194; Oros. 5,18,11 f.). MRR 2,25. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…