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[German version] S. Camerinus belonged to the family of the Licinii, probably the son of Licinius [II 10] Crassus, who was cos. in AD 64. S. was apparently killed along with his parents under Nero. Under Vitellius, a slave by the name of Geta claimed to be S. but was exposed and executed (Tac. Hist. 2,72). PIR2 L 241. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Dealer in poisons, probably from Gaul, who, according to tradition, supplied the poison to Agrippina [3] to kill Claudius in AD 54, and in the following year to Nero to eliminate Britannicus. Although L. had previously been sentenced for murder by poisoning, she was now set free. In 68 Nero also used poison prepared by her for his suicide. Galba had her executed. PIR2 L 414. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Senator, cos. suff. in 148 AD (FO2 51). His father (or grandfather) of the same name, probably mentioned in Plin. Ep. 4,15,3, was married to a daughter of the senator Asinius Rufus (cf. [1]) and this eased his rise to senatorial status. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 7, 604.

[German version] Nabataean (Nabataei), leading office-bearer of the Nabataean king Obodas II: epitropos [1] (in Jos. BI 1,487; Str. 16,4,23 f.); dioiketes (Nicolaus of Damascus, Excerpta Historica 3,1,1 Boissevain). When Aelius [II 11] Gallus, the prefect of Egypt, went into battle against southern Arabia in 24 BC, S. advised on the route the army took. Because it was a failure, Strabo accuses him (16,4,23 f.) of treason. S. played a substantial role in the competition between the local rulers in the area of Syria, Judaea and Nabataea;…

[German version] [1] C.? O. Benignus Military officer in the 1st cent. AD Legate of the newly established legio I Adiutrix; he fell at the battle of Bedriacum in AD 69. PIR2 O 136. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] P. O. Senecio Governor of Dacia superior under Antoninus [1] Pius Praetorian governor of Dacia superior under Antoninus [1] Pius. In AD 148, he rose to the position of suffect consul, probably while still in the province [1. 57f.]. PIR2 O 137. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Piso, FPD.

[German version] Refers to a room in which tied-up slaves had to spend the night; it also refers to a group of bound slaves. With the acquisition of larger numbers of slaves during the Roman expansion in the 2nd and 1st cents. BC, the Roman slave owners were more frequently confronted with the fact that slaves fled or became violent against their owners. The result was an increased occurrence of slaves being tied up, who also had to do their work in that condition ( compediti or vincti). This phenomenon becomes clear both in Cato as well as in Varro without the word ergastulum being used, which,…

[German version] C. L. Fronto. His correct name is C. Aeternius Fronto. Equestrian who was one of the leading officers of Titus in the siege of Jerusalem. He was involved in the sentencing of prisoners. Praefectus Aegypti in AD 78/9; [1. 276; 2. 480, 506]; PIR2 L 287. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Bastianini, in: ZPE 17, 1975, 263-328 2 P. Bureth, Le préfet d'Égypte (30 av.J.-C.-297 ap.J.-C.): État présent de la documentation en 1973, in: ANRW II 10.1, 1988, 472-502.

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] M., friend of Catullus (1st cent. BC) M., friend of Catullus (Carm. 68 is dedicated to him). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Bala, C., mint master in 92 BC Bala, C., mint master in 92 BC (RRC 336). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Fuscianus, cos. suff. (around 160 AD) Fuscianus, C., praetorian governor of Arabia around AD 160 and cos. suff. (PIR2 A 544) [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] Fuscus, governor (end of 2nd cent. AD) Fuscus, C., son of no. 3, consular governor of Germania Inferior, p…

[German version] [1] Wife of L. Arruntius [II 8] Camillus Scribonianus, 1st cent. AD Possibly a daughter of C. Vibius [II 9] Marsus, wife of L. Arruntius [II 8] Camillus Scribonianus; when the latter, as governor of Dalmatia rebelled unsuccessfully against Claudius [III 1] in AD 42, he died in her arms while fleeing. She was banished but in 52 was again prosecuted, together with her son (cf. Tac. Ann. 12,52,1; Plin. Epist. 3,16,7-9). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, 621 f., Nr. 798. [German version] [2] See Matidia [2] See Matidia [2] (the Younger). …

[German version] [1] Caelius Sabinus, Cn. Suffect consul in AD 69. Very influential jurist at the time of Vespasian (Dig. 1,2,2,53); successor to  Cassius Longinus as head of the Sabinian law school, he wrote a commentary Ad edictum aedilium curulium. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 142ff. 2 PIR I2 1194. [German version] [2] Iunius A. Rusticus, Q. Cos. suff. 92 AD In AD 66 as tribunus plebis he wanted to intercede in the Senate on behalf of Thrasea (Tac. Ann. 16,26,4f.); 70 praetor, 92 suffect consul (AE 1…

[German version] [1] Wife of Caesar Daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (Suet. Iul. 21). On the Ides of March AD 44, she pleaded urgently with her husband Caesar to stay away from the Senate session (Suet. Iul. 81,3; Plut. Caes. 63,8-12; Cass. Dio 44,17,1; Val. Max. 1,7,2; Vell. Pat. 2,57,2). Caesar had married the 18-year-old for political reasons in 59 BC (Plut. Caes. 14,8; Pomp. 47,10; App. B Civ. 2,51; Cass. Dio 38,9,1, [1. 75 A.46]). Their marriage remained childless [2. 466]. After Caesar's death, C. transferred his assets to Mark Antony (Plut. Ant. 15; App. B Civ. 2,524). Stroth…

Name of a plebeian gens (probably derived from Caeculus, older form is Caicilios, Greek Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος [ Kaikílios, Kekílios]; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), whose existence is documented since the 5th cent. (since C. [I 1]), but who only gained importance in the 2nd cent.; their most famous branch were the C. Metelli (I 10-32). A later explanation related the name back to Caeculus, the legendary founder of Praeneste, or Caecas, a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 38). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC …

Rare Roman family name. We know of a C.N. Vala, who as IIIvir monetalis in 41 BC minted aurei and denarii (RRC 514; see under N. [1]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] N. Vala Addressee of Hor. epist. 1, 15 Horace wrote to him around 20 BC (Hor. Epist. 1,15). Possibly identifiable with the C.N. Vala, who in 41 AD is documented as mint master (RRC 1, 522f. No. 514). PIR2 N 243; 244. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.N.Vala Legate of Q. Varus in Germania Legate of Quinctilius Varus on the latter's last campaign through Germania; N. fled with the cavalry in…

[German version] [1] Aunt of Nero Daughter of Domitius [II 2]; sister of D. [5]; Nero's aunt on his father's side. Possibly she was frequently married [1. 162f., 166], but her only husband known to us by name is C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus, cos. II 44, who left her probably in AD 41 to marry Agrippina the Younger, which was the cause of the deepest aversion between the two women. Thus in AD 55 she was involved in an intrigue against Agrippina. Shortly after Agrippina's death in AD 59, D. also died, supposedly poisoned by Nero, who appropriated her immense fortune [1. 159ff.; 2]. PIR2 D 171. Eck…

[German version] [1] Annia Galeria Aurelia F. Daughter of Marcus Arelius, born after AD 151 Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and F. [3]. Born probably AD 151 [1. 108, 247; 2. 161], married to Cn. Claudius [II 62] Severus, cos. II 173. Her son was Ti. Claudius [II 65] Severus Proculus, cos. ord. 200. PIR2 C 1028. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 A. R. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 21988 2 W. Ameling, Die Kinder des Marc Aurel..., in: ZPE 90, 1992, 147-166. [German version] [2] Annia Galeria F. Wife of Antoninus Pius Wife of Emperor  Antoninus [1] Pius. Daughter of  Annius [II 15] Verus, cos. III A…

Italic family name (Schulze, 483), attested in Campania from the 3rd cent., in Rome for plebeians from the 2nd cent. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., C. Praetor c. 104 BC Praetor and probably proconsul of Macedonia or Asia around 104 BC (MRR 1,560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C. (Clovius), C. Mint master 45 BC Mint master in 45 BC (RRC 476) and at the same time Caesar's prefect, probably responsible for land allotments in Gallia Cisalpina (Cic. Fam. 13,7; MRR 2,313); further identification, especially with the C.C. mentioned in the so-called …

Common cognomen (‘the lisper’), e.g. in the gens Gellia, Naevia, Iunia, Pedia, Sallustia, Sentia, Sempronia. [German version] [1] Freund of Atedius Melior, Senator, died 90 AD Friend of Atedius Melior, probably a senator; died before AD 90 (Stat. 2,1,189ff.). A link with P. Sallustius Lucullus remains uncertain, cf. [1. 12f., 334ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Scheid, Collège. [German version] [2] Roman jurist Jurist, probably a student with  Labeo of Trebatius (cf. Dig. 33,2,31). Identification with Q. Iunius B. (cos. suff. AD 10) is questionable. Eder, Walter (Ber…

Roman cognomen (‘wide-browed’), first attested in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Rich patron of Martial A rich patron of Martial (1,55,2). He could be identical with Ti. Catius Caesius F., cos. suff. in AD 96. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Praetorian governor of Galatia under Tiberius Praetorian governor of Galatia under Tiberius, perhaps AD 27-31. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography S. Mitchell, in: Chiron 16, 1986, 23ff. PIR2 F 485). [German version] [3] [...]us F. Cos. suff. AD 165 Cos. suff. in AD 165, (Vidman, FO2 52; there a…

[German version] [1] L. Eggius Praef. castrorum of Varus in Germania praef. castrorum of Varus in Germania (Vell. Pat. 2,119,4). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.E. Ambibulus Cos. 126 AD Identical with [C. Eggius] Ambibulus Pom[ponius Lon]ginus Cassianus L. Maecius Pos[tumus] of CIL IX 1123. His career began as a senator's son under Trajan, who admitted him among the patricians, and in 126 he became an ordinary consul. Like all other senatorial Eggii, he was from Aeclanum. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, in: EOS 2, 132ff. PIR2 E 5, 6. [German version] [3] C.E…

Oscan praenomen, shortened to No., attested for N. Calavius [2], the maker of the Ficoronian cista Novios Plautios (ILS 8562), and in other inscriptions. Probably a particularly frequent gentilicium from the 3rd cent. BC onwards in Campania and spreading from there into the eastern Mediterranean. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] Representative of the literary Atellana, early 1st cent. BC As a representative of the literary atellana, N. appears to have been at work ahead of Pomponius (leading representative of the genr…

Name of a plebeian family [1], perhaps from Cales, politically active from the 3rd cent. BC. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in the mid-2nd cent. BC People's tribune (?) in the mid-2nd cent. BC, otherwise unknown author of a lex Fufia on the fixing of permissible days for public assemblies (usually mentioned together with the lex Aelia,  Aelius [I 1]). MRR 1,452f.; 3,3f. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] F., L. Rom. orator in the 1st cent. BC Known as an orator in the 90s of the 1st cent. BC. Around 97 his speech in the prosecu…

Roman praenomen ( P. Iulius, a contemporary of Romulus [1]), and secondarily a cognomen. Depending on the form, a diminutive (older * prokelo-) of the stem * proko- (~ classical procus 'wooer, suitor'), it originally perhaps meant 'the one who demands or claims (the inheritance?)'. Proca (King of Alba Longa) can also be regarded as etymologically connected. The praenomen, which had already become rare at an early time, survived in derivatives, the gentilician names Procilius and Proculeius. Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) [German version] [1] Roman jurist, 1st cent. The jurist fro…

Name of a widely-branched Roman plebeian family who became well known from the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC on, but only achieved the consulate for the first time at the end of the cent. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] R. Lupus, P. Consul in 90 BC Praetor no later than 93 BC; consul in 90. During the Social War [3], he received the command of the northern army; against the advice of his legate C. Marius [I 1], he was lured into an ambush by the Marsi and was killed in the valley of the Tolnus (modern Turano; Liv. Per. 73; App. B Civ. 1,191-194; Oros. 5,18,11 f.). MRR 2,25. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…

(also Vinnius). Roman gentile , recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards (Schulze, 380; 425). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. (Rufus?), T. was proscribed in 43 BC, but was rescued by his wife Tanusia and his freed slave V. [I 2] and then pardoned (App. B Civ. 4,187; Cass. Dio 47,7,4 f.; Suet. Augustus 27,2). He is presumably the grandfather of T. V. [II 1] (Tac. Hist. 1,48,2: incorrectly maternus avus), who attained a praetorship. V. may also be identical to the VIIIvir (Octoviri) T. V. Rufus from Amiternum, which is presumably where the family was then from (ILS 3701). Barte…

Plebeian nomen (Schulze 266; 424), attested historically from the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] F.M. f., C. Rom. senator and historian, partaker in the storming of Carthage Roman senator and historian (in Cic. Brut. 99 falsely differentiated from a relative). F. distinguished himself in 146 BC with Ti. Gracchus at the storming of Carthage (Plut. Gracchi 4,6), fought in 141 as tribunus militum in Spain (App. Ib. 287), was the son-in-law of C.  Laelius and heard  Panaetius (Cic. Brut. 100f.). In…

[German version] C. P., friend of Octavian, the future Augustus [1]. P. accompanied Octavian, apparently without official position, in the wars against Sex. Pompeius [I 5] in Sicily and against M. Antonius [I 9] in Egypt. A military commission could, of course, be inferred from the coins struck with his name in Cephallenia (RPC I 1359-1362). P.' siblings were Terentius Murena, Terentia [2] the wife of Maecenas [2], and a Scipio; his mother must therefore have been married more than once. P. was co…

[German version] [1] Proconsul of Creta-Cyrenae under Caligula Proconsul of Creta-Cyrenae under Caligula. PIR2 A 1397. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Person in Senecas Apocolocynthosis Introduced in Seneca Apocol. 3,4 as a worthless person, who was supposed to die in the same year as Claudius. PIR2 A 1398. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Fictional person Fictional person (cf. in Seneca: Augurinus, Baba, Claudius = ABC). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Frequently mentioned by Horace because of her magic art and mixing of poisons (Epod. 3,8; 5,15; 17,6; sat. 1,8,24; 2,1,48; 8,95). It is assumed that in real life she was Gratidia, a perfume seller from Naples (Porphyrio). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] I Greek (Θεόδωρος; Theódōros). [German version] [I 1] Of Samos, Greek architect, bronze sculptor and inventor, Archaic period Multitalented Greek inventor, architect, bronze sculptor and metal worker ( toreutḗs; Toreutics) of the Archaic period from Samos (for the occupational image cf. architect). His father was Telecles (Hdt. 3,41; Paus. 8,14,8; 10,38,6) or according to other sources (Diog. Laert. 2,103; Diod. Sic. 1,98) Rhoecus [3]; his name is so frequently mentioned in conjunction with the latter that …

Plebeian family name, perhaps connected with Etruscan furnial (Schulze 217, with epigraphical evidence). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] F., C. People's tribune 50 BC, orator Like his son F. [2], a famous Roman orator ( Furnii ... clari oratores; Jer. Chron. ad annum 1980-81). People's tribune in 50 BC, legate in 44-43, praetor in 42 (?), envoy in 40 and 39, promagistrate in Asia in 36-35, c onsul designatus for 29 (MRR 2, 249, 331, 353, 359, 376, 389, 402, 408; 3, 97). At first, an admirer of the orator Cicero, he placed himself politically in …

[German version] [1] T.C. Ciltus Cos. suff. 55 AD Suffect consul probably inAD 55 with L. Junius Gallio (AE 1960, 61f.; [1]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, RE Suppl. 14, 110. [German version] [2] C. Lupus Quaestor, put down a slave revolt in 24 AD Quaestor who had to supervise the calles in Lower Italy. In AD24 he put down a slave revolt in Apulia (Tac. Ann. 4,27,2; [1]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, in: Scripta Classica Israelica 13, 1994, 60ff.

[German version] [1] Aunt of C. Iulius Caesar, wife of C. Marius, 2nd/1st cent. BC Paternal aunt of C. Iulius  Caesar; between 115 and 109 BC, she married C. Marius, with whom she had a son named C. Marius ( cos. 82; Plut. Marius 6,3; Plut. Caesar 1,1; Sall. Hist. 1,35 Maur). There is almost no information regarding I.'s life. On the occasion of her death in 68, Caesar held a large funeral ceremony (Suet. Iul. 6,1; Plut. Caesar 5,1). Stegmann, Helena (Bonn) [German version] [2] Daughter of L. Iunius [I 5] Caesar, mother of triumvir M. Antonius Daughter of L. Iulius [I 5] Caesar and Fulvia (d…

[German version] [1] C. U. Durmius Quadratus From a senatorial family; possibly adopted by a U. from Casinum. His career was transmitted in CIL X 5182 = ILS 972. After a quick rise (quaestor in AD 14, praetor as early as in AD 18), his advancement slowed down. Following his office as proconsul on the island of Cyprus and a governorship in Lusitania (attested for the year 37, ILS 190), he did not become suffect consul until c. 40. Under Claudius [III 1], he became consular governor in Illyricum (either Dalmatia or Pannonia), then, from no later than 51, governor in Sy…

[German version] [1] S. Aristaenetus Senator, governor of Thracia between AD 253 and 260 Senator; governor of Thracia between AD 253 and 260 (AE 1978, 724); descendant of S. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. S. Aristaenetus Senator, imperial legate of Moesia inferior under Caracalla or Elagabalus Senator, possibly from Byzantium. There are records of his career in CIL VI 1511 = ILS 2934 up to his office as iuridicus of Picenum and Apulia; later, he became a consul [1. 163]. Probably he was governor of Pontus-Bithynia, and afterwards probably imperial legate…

Plebeian gentilicium, verifiable since the 2nd cent. BC, in the older form Atius, in the MSS often confused with Accius (on the origin and spread, Schulze 68; 423; 551; ThlL 2,1169-71). The gens first achieved prominence with  Atia, the mother of the emperor Augustus. Early imperial pseudo-genealogy therefore invented an ancestor Atys (Verg. Aen. 5,568 Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A. Balbus, M. Grandfather of Augustus Brother-in-law of Caesar ( Iulia) and grandfather of Augustus ( Atia [1]). …

[German version] [1] Q. S. Senator, who as a praetorian accompanied Germanicus [2] to the East. There he converted Commagene into a province (Tac. Ann. 2,56,4). In 20 AD he took part in a lawsuit against Calpurnius [II 16] Piso in the Senate (Tac. Ann. 3,13). Later in alliance with Aelius [II 19] Seianus, in 32 after the latter's overthrow he was convicted, to the regret of many in the Senate (Tac. Ann. 6,7,2). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Q. S. Fuscus Cornelianus Senator from Gightis in Africa. After being a praetor dealing with the cura viae Salariae ('care for the Salarian …

[German version] Praefectus aerarii Saturni for four years, AD 80-83 (InscrIt 13,1 p. 307). He is not identical to the Mettius Pompusianus mentioned in Suet. Vesp. 14. PIR2 M 570; P 783. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] B. Crispina = Crispina Augusta, daughter of Bruttius [II 5], wife of Commodus from AD 178; exiled to Capri after an alleged adultery, and later killed (Cass. Dio 72,4,6) [1. no. 149]. PIR2 B 170. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Raepsaet-Charlier.

Roman gens name (Schulze, 429), sometimes confused with T(h)oranius. [German version] [1] T., C. Praetor in 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 3,25). He was presumably proscribed and killed at his son's instigation (Val. Max. 9,11,5; App. B Civ. 4,71). Not identical with the also outlawed (Suet. Aug. 27; App. B Civ. 4,47) guardian of Augustus, C. Toranius. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] C. T. Gracilis Eques from Gades (modern Cadiz) (Plin. HN 3,3). He had the confidence of Augustus, who made him praef. Aegypti, recorded between 7 and 4 BC [1. 475]. In AD 14, at the time of Aug…

[German version] [1] Galeo T. Petronianus Senator from Asisium. Cos. suff. in AD 76. Brother of T. [2]. Probably the adoptive father of T. [3]; [1. 263]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 M. Gaggiotti, L. Sensi, Italia: regio VI (Umbria), in: EOS 2, 263. [German version] [2] T. T. Serenus Brother of T. [1]. Praetorian governor of Lugdunensis in c. AD 78-80 [1. 300]; cos. suff. probably in 81. Member of the pontifices [2. 8 f.; 3. 449 f.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter, in: Chiron 12, 1982, 281-362 2 L. Sc…

[German version] (Greek πρόκριτος τῆς νεότητος/ prókritos tês neótētos, Cass. Dio 55,9,9; 78,17,1; 'the first/most select among the youth'; the English word 'prince' derives from it). In the Republic, the term was used in the plural for the patrician equestrians organized in special units ( t urma ); as only the younger patricians served actively in the cavalry, the principes iuventutis could be described as the seminarium senatus ('nursery of the Senate') (Liv. 42,61,5). Cicero was already applying the term to individuals, already employing the distinction respective of the princep…

[German version] Wife of a certain Asiaticus, mentioned in the will of Domitius [II 25] Tullus as the recipient of a legacy (AE 1976, 77); she is presumably identical to the F. mentioned in Apollonius [14] of Tyana as the wife of Valerius, proconsul of Asia (Epist. 58). The latter is perhaps identical to Valerius Asiaticus, cos. in AD 94, proconsul of Asia 108/9 [1. 292ff.]. In this case the Letter of Apollonius would be fictitious. Cf. PIR2 F 92. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Zum neuen Fr. des sog. Testamentum Dasumii, in: ZPE 30, 1978, 277-295.

Roman gens name (probably Etruscan root), encountered in the late Republic and early Imperial period, it is however rather rare. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L. Regulus, L. Acquaintance of Cicero, who probably shared Cicero's banishment to Greece in 58 BC Acquaintance of Cicero, of about the same age, who around 58 BC probably shared Cicero's banishment to Greece (Cic. Att. 3,17,1; Cic. Fam. 13,60,1). The year of his service as praetor, deduced from coinage of his son L. [I 2], remains unclear. MRR 2,464. Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L. Regulus, L. Partici…

[German version] Woman of consular rank, a member of the landed gentry of Lydia [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Petzl, in: EA 26, 1996, 9ff.

[German version] Probably the daughter of Rubellius [3] Blandus or of one of his sons, married to a senator Octavius [II 4] Laenas, grandmother of Sergius Octavius [II 6] Laenas Pontianus, cos. ord. in AD 131. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] Friend of the poet Tibullus Friend of the poet  Tibullus, to whom he dedicated elegiae 2 and 3 of his 2nd book. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Cornutus Aquila Governor of Galatia 6 BC Praetorian imperial governor of Galatia in 6 BC [1. 253]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Cognomen of many senators Cognomen of many senators (PIR2 II p. 375). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Thomasson, I. [German version] [4] L. Annaeus Cornutus. Stoic philosopher and scholar, 1st cent. AD (First name only in Charisius, Gramm. 162,9). Born in Lepti…

[German version] Successful commander of Septimius [II 7] Severus during the Parthian War of AD 195 and again in 198. L. was murdered because he was too popular with the army; Severus denied that this was on his orders; L. probably fell victim to the thirst for power of the praetorian prefect Fulvius [II 10] Plautianus. PIR2 L 69. L.'s identification is disputed: according to [1. 116f.] he was identical to Iulius Laetus, who led the vanguard of Severus' army on their march into Rome in 193, and who in 197, allegedly after much hesitation, won the vic…

[German version] [1] L. Neratius C. Pansa Cos. ord. 122 AD Cos. ord. AD 122; son of Corellia Hispulla, a daughter of C. [2], and probably of one of the Neratii from Saepinum; related to the family of Domitius Apollinaris, cos. suff. 97 [1; 2. 487, 598]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Q.C. Rufus Cos. suff. 78 AD Perhaps from Laus Pompeia [3]. Suffect consul probably in AD 78; governor of Germania superior in 82; according to Plin. Ep. 1,12,6f. an opponent of Domitian, but not openly. He was commissioned by Nerva to buy up and distribute land…

Uncommon Roman family name; a few gentiles are identifiable as merchants in Greece (Delos, Asia Minor) during the later Republican period, e.g. a M.M. who died in Elis (Cic. fam. 5,20,2; 20,8; 13,26,2; 28,2). [German version] [1] M. Marcellus, M. Officer of the fleet from 38 BC From Velitrae, the home of Octavian ( Augustus), whom M. probably knew from his youth (App. civ. 5,422). Speculated in property with the encouragement of Caesar (Cic. fam. 15,17,2). Under the latter's adoptive son Octavian, a career as officer of the fleet from 38 BC:…

[German version] M. Salvius Otho, Roman emperor in AD 69, born on 28.4.32 AD. The family came from Ferentum in Etruria. O.'s grandfather was the first in the family to be admitted to the Senate. His father was L. Salvius Otho, cos. suff. in 33; his mother, Albia Terentia, came from an equestrian family. From the time of Augustus, the family of the Salvii was closely connected with the domus Augusta. His father was accepted by Claudius [III 1] into the Patriciate, as was the young O. at the same time, too. Of his senatorial career, only the quaestorship is known; t…

Common Italian proper name (associated with the praenomen Herennus that is often confused with H.), which however is not documented as a surname among the Roman upper class until the 1st cent. BC. It frequently appears with epithets showing place of origin ( Etruscus, Gallus, Picens, Siculus). In the Imperial period it is the name of Caesar Q.H. [II 3] Etruscus, son of emperor  Decius [II 1], of the historian H.  Dexippus [2], and of the jurist H.  Modestinus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I Republican Period [German version] [I 1] H. Centurio and murderer of Cicero Centurio, who at the…

[German version] The term adoptive emperor (AE) is applied to the emperors from  Nerva to  Marcus Aurelius because they each adopted their respective successor. The special characteristic was that the successor supposedly came from outside the family: sed Augustus in domo successorem quaesivit, ego in re publica ( Galba in his speech at the adoption of L.  Calpurnius Piso Frugi, Tac. Hist. 1,15,2). Among the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Rome was supposed to have been unius familiae quasi hereditas. The reason why the successor, per adoptionem, should be the ideal form of rulership…

[German version] [1] L.C. Camerinus Cos. suff. 126 AD from Pergamum Pergamenian who entered the Senate under Nerva or Trajan; suffect consul in126 AD [1]. Father of C. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, M. Roxan, in: FS H. Lieb, 1995, 77ff. [German version] [2] L.C. Pactumeius Rufinus Cos. ord. 142 AD, friend of Aelius Aristides Son of C.[1]. Cos. ord. in AD 142. Often stayed in Pergamum where he also built the temple of Asclepius. A friend of Aelius Aristides (PIR2 C 1637). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] L.C. Rufinus Cos. ord. 197 AD Probably the grandson of C.…

[German version] A. Polla, confidante of Agrippina, who perished during the staged shipwreck in the Gulf of Baiae in AD 59 (Tac. Ann. 14,5 f.; Cass. Dio 61,13,3). Daughter of Acerronius [1] (PIR2 A 34). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Daughter of Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis, cos. suff. in AD 10; wife of the praetorian praefect Seius Strabo [1. 307ff.]. PIR2 C 1528. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, AA.

I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P. Relative of Cicero's second wife Publilia A close relative (brother?) of Cicero's second wife Publilia; for this reason, he is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters to T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] P., Volero People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC (MRR 1, 29 f.). P. is said to have introduced a bill in 472 to have the election of the tribunes of the plebs take place not in the comitia curiata, which were dominated by patricians and their clients, but in the comitia tributa (Co…

[German version] I. Maxima. Wife of C. Cassius Statilius [II 9] Severus Hadrianus. She is probably identical with the homonymous daughter of Lucius, attested in Berytus in AE 1998, 1437. She may have originated from Syria, like her husband. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

see Iulius [IV 15] (poet); see Iulius [IV 16] (jurist) [German version] I Greek (Παῦλος; Paûlos). [German version] [I 1] Bishop of Antioch [1], died after 272 Bishop of Antiochia [1] († after AD 272). P., who was probably born in Samosata and grew up in modest circumstances, succeeded Demetrianus in 260/1 and quickly antagonized influential parts of the Antioch community with his teachings and conduct of his office. According to Eusebius [7] (account of P.: Eus. HE 7,27-30), the presbyter Malchion, head of a school of r…

[German version] Mostly a slave, who called out to his master, especially an office-holder or a candidate to an office, the names of people coming to meet him. This was particularly important during elections to an office, since the candidate had to convey the impression that he remembered each one of his constituents personally. Cicero’s brother especially emphasizes this aspect in his Commentariolum petitionis, which is also our source for the function and importance of the nomenclator. Plinius (HN 29,19) describes the nomenclator as follows: alienis oculis agnoscimus, aliena …

[German version] [1] P., Sextus Elegiac poet, 1st cent. BC Roman elegiac poet. Neumeister, Christoff (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] I. Biography P. was born around the middle of the 1st cent. BC in the Umbrian town of Asisium (modern Assisi) (Lachmann inferred the name of his place of birth by conjecture from Prop. 4,1,125; it is confirmed by numerous inscriptions of the Propertii family found in the area). Notable events in his youth include the early death of his father (4,1,127 f.), the Perusine War (1,21 f.;…

Name of a Roman plebeian family (also Petilius), known at Rome from the 2nd cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] P., Q. Two people's tribunes of 187 BC was the name of two related (cousins?) people's tribunes of the year 187 BC. They accused (at the instigation of Cato [1]?) L. Cornelius [I 72] Scipio before the Senate of the misappropriation of state funds ( peculatus) during the war against Antiochus [5] III and demanded an explanation. L.'s brother P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio declared the accusations to be absurd, an…

[German version] A. Tertulla, daughter of Arrecinus [1] Clemens, Titus' first wife who died early (Suet. Tit. 4,2; PIR2 A 1074). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Italic family name [1], which first appears in senatorial circles at the end of the 1st cent. BC. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Two brothers who were fairly well known publishers at the time of Horace (Hor. Epist. 1,20,2; 2,3,345). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., C. First attested by the coins he minted in 39 BC as quaestor of Antony [I 9] (BMCRR 2,504), for whom he was governor of Syria and Cilicia from 38 BC. With Herod [1] he successfully fought Antigonus [5] who had been installed in Iudaea by the Parthians (…

[German version] T. S. Clemens. Senator who was praetor in AD 56 (AE 1960,64). In the year 65, he attacked Iunius [II 14] Gallio, the brother of the deceased Seneca, in the Senate, but the Senate rebuffed him (Tac. Ann. 15,73,3). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] (R.) Blandus See Blandus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. R. Blandus Proconsul of Crete and Cyrenae Proconsul of Crete and Cyrenae; probably a son of R. [1]. PIR2 R 109. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. R. Blandus Suffect consul in 18 AD, related to the Domus Augusta through marrige to Julia [8] Probably a son of R. [2]; quaestor of Augustus, people's tribune, praetor; suffect consul in AD 18. In 20 he made an application to the Senate to banish Aemilia [4] Lepida. Presumably he is the proconsul of Africa …

Italian nomen gentile, derived from Salvidius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Q. S. Rufus Salvius Before Agrippa, Octavian's principal commander (second cognomen indication of adoption or standardized form of S.? [1. 375]), Roman knight (Vell. Pat. 2,76,4; legendary Cass. Dio 48,33,2), friend of the young Octavian (Augustus [1]) and his principal commander before Agrippa. S., then possibly an officer in Caesar's army [1. 398], was in Apollonia with Octavian in 45-44 BC and was his adviser after Caesar's d…

[German version] [1] Roman orator, Augustan period One of the leading orators of the Augustan period (Sen. Controv. 2,5,17), died in 9 BC (Jer. Chron. p. 167 H.), a friend of the Elder Seneca (Sen. Controv. 3, pref. 10). Nothing survives of his speeches, but Seneca quotes highlights from his declamations, whose aridity apparently detracted from their success (Sen. Controv. 3, pref. 10f.; 10, pref. 11). Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) Bibliography J. Fairweather, Seneca the Elder, 1981 (Index 400). [German version] [2] L. P. Rufus Son of the orator P. [1]. He entered the Senate as a homo nov…

(Ἄντεια; Ánteia). [German version] [1] Daughter of the king of Lydia Daughter of the king of Lycia (Iobates or Amphianax, Apollod. 2,25), wife of  Proetus, ruler of Tiryns, to whom Bellerophon slandered her because he did not want to requite her love (Hom. Il. 6,160 ff.). From the tragedians on, she is called  Stheneboea (Apollod. 2,25). Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) [German version] [2] Wife of the younger Helvidius Priscus Wife of the younger Helvidius Priscus (Plin. Ep. 9,13,4 f.); possibly mother of the child of Helvidius mentioned in Plin. epist. 4,21 (Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 68). Eck…

[German version] [1] B. Calpurnius Torquatus, C. Consul ord. 148 AD belonged to a senatorial family originally from Vienna (EOS 2, 415). Cos. ord. in AD 148 [1. 42], son of [3], brother of [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FC. [German version] [2] B. Flaccus Torquatus, C. Consul ord. 143 AD. cos. ord. in AD 143 (AE 1940, 62) [1. 144]. Son of [3], brother of [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Alföldy, Consulat. [German version] [3] B. Flaccus Torquatus Tebanianus, C. Consul ord. 124 AD cos. ord. in AD 124 (IGUR 2, 741) [1. 36]. Father of B. [1] and B. [2]. Eck, Werner (…

[German version] [1] T. P. Paetus Cos. suff. AD 96 Cos. suff. AD 96. P. [3] and [4] bear his name. PIR2 P 934. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] A. Pomponius Augurinus T. P. Paetus Knight, honoured by Trajan Knight who served as a tribunus militum legionis X Fretensis, then as a praefectus cohortis I milliariae and finally as a praefectus alae II Flaviae; in this capacity he took part in the first Dacian War, after which he was honoured by Traianus [1]. Procurator of the province of Achaia; procurator of the Idios Logos in Egypt c. AD 105/6. The family connection with P. [1] is unce…

Gens name of Oscan origin. During the Republican period there is evidence of individuals bearing this name in Campania (e.g. ILS 5347) and in the Greek areas (IG XII 9,845). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M., C. Tribune of the plebs 57 BC, called for Cicero's return from exile In 57 BC as people's tribune, M. called for Cicero's return from exile (initially without success: Cic. P. red. in sen. 21). Partisan of Pompey (Cic. Att. 4,1,7; 8,11D,2). 55 (plebeian?) aedile (organizer of the Floralia : Val. Max. 2,10,8). In 54 subsequently discovered…

[German version] [1] C. R. Castus Legate of the procos. of Asia, AD 126/7 Senator whose nomen gentile could also be Granius. Legate of the procos. of Asia in AD 126/7, PIR2 R 23. Perhaps identical with the cos. suff. Castus of the year 142 [1] whom fragment S of the Fasti Ostienses mentions [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, P. Weiß, Tusidius Campester, cos. suff. unter Antoninus Pius und die Fasti Ostienses zum J. 141/2, in: ZPE 134, 2001, 251-260. 2 FO2 52. [German version] [2] L. R. Optatus Senator, cons. suff. probably under Septimius Severus Senator; his career is known …

[German version] Tribunus militum in one of the Syrian legions. In AD 66, the governor C. Cestius [II 3] Gallus sent him to Jerusalem, in order to report on the unsettled situation there which was attributed to the behaviour of Gessius Florus (Jos. BI. 2,16,1-2). In the following year as praefectus alae he protected the town of Scythopolis (see Beisan) against the insurgent Jews PIR2 N 36. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of an Italic gens of Etruscan origin [1. 93; 228]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Senator in 63 BC, obtained evidence against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] Senator (from Etruria?) in 63 BC, who obtained evidence from Faesulae against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] (Sall. Catil. 30,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., L. Consul suffectus, 30 BC Probably a son of S. [I 1], possibly recorded as a senator in 39 BC (MRR 3,34). In 30 he became cos. suff. with Octavian (Augustus: InscrIt 13,1,510), possibly as a reward for his services against…

Name of an ancient Roman patrician lineage (on inscriptions also Fourios), derived from the praenomen Fusus and also occurring occasionally in the original form Fusius in the literary tradition; the family perhaps came from Tusculum (cf. the family grave of the Furii ILLRP 895-903). The numerous members of the gens from the early Republic in the 5th/4th cents. BC are scarcely tangible as historical persons, and their history is in part later annalistic invention. Most well known is the ‘Saviour of Rome’ after the catas…

[German version] [1] L. Paulina Wife of P. Memmius [II 4] Regulus, taken away from her husband by Caligula in 38 AD Probably the granddaughter of Lollius [II 1], cos. of 21 BC. Married to P. Memmius [II 4] Regulus, governor of Achaea, Macedonia and Moesia. Caligula took her away from her husband in AD 38 and married her shortly after the death of his sister Drusilla. He, however, disowned her again the following year and ordered that she was never again to have sexual relations with a man. In 48 the freedman Callistus sugg…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Poet and critic of Virgil, Augustean period Supposedly a poet (Porph. in Hor. Sat. 2,3,239) of the Augustean period, brother of Bavius, with whom he allegedly quarreled over a woman (Domitius Marsus fr. 1 M.). M was a critic of Virgil (Serv. Georg. 1,210), which made the poets of the circle around Maecenas count him among their opponents (Verg. Ecl. 3,90; Hor. Epod. 10; Domitius Marsus fr. 5 M.). Some notes may have been obtained from Suet. De poetis via the life of Domitius [III 2] Marsus. The possibility of guild banter can not be excluded. Schmidt, P…

[German version] Vestal. Sentenced by Caracalla for incest, she took her own life (Cass. Dio 77,16,1; 3; PIR2 C 400). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] M.H. Patrimonial procurator of Narbonensis under Tiberius Evidently the patrimonial procurator of Narbonensis under Tiberius (CIL VI 92 = 30690). Probably the father of H. [2]; originating from Puteoli. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, in: EOS 2, 128f. [German version] [2] M.H. Flaccus Son of H. [1]. Cos. suff. in 47 AD Son of H. [1]. Cos. suff. in the year AD 47 (AE 1988, 325; 1991, 474; [1]). In the summer of 68, already as senex, he replaced Verginius Rufus as legate of the army of Upper Germany. When the troops refused to take the…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Mother of the Gracchi Younger daughter of P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus and Aemilia Tertia, b. c. 190 BC; c. 176/5 she married Tiberius  Sempronius Gracchus. Of her 12 children only three survived early childhood: Tiberius, Gaius and Sempronia. C. is known as ‘Mother of the Gracchi’ (CIL VI 31610), with whose politics she was already associated in antiquity [1. 108-120; 127; 2. 48-89]. In a partly popular, partly elite tradition, the sources give an uneven picture of C.'s views and influence. She…

[German version] Roman emperor in AD 180-192. Son of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina II. He was born on 31 August 161 in a villa near Lanuvium. His twin brother T. Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus died at the age of four (PIR2 A 1512). His name was originally L. Aurelius Commodus. On 12 October 166 he and his brother both received the title of Caesar: L. Aurelius Commodus Caesar. He was thereby designated as the natural successor, and the ideological concept of  adoptive emperorship was avoided altogether. For the same purpose, he was admitted into all priestly colleges and designated as princeps iuven…

[German version] [1] [- - - ] L. Cos. Suff. between 149 and 160 AD Senator, whose funerary inscription has been preserved in CIL VI 1441 = XIV 2927 = VI Suppl. VIII Add. ad 1441. After commanding a legion and holding another office he became governor of Aquitania and consul suffectus under Antoninus Pius, between c. AD 149 and 160. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Alföldy, Konsulat, 193 PIR2 L 169. [German version] [2] Lucius (Valerius) L. Friend of Martial, from Bilbilis From Bilbilis, like his friend, the poet Martial; a friend of Licinius [II 25] Sura as well. He was a w…

[German version] [1] Clemens, M. Praefectus praetorio under Caligula A knight from Pisaurium, praef. praetorio under Caligula (Tac. Hist. 4.68.2; Suet. Tit. 4,2); one of the conspirators involved in the murder of Caligula in AD 41 (Ios. Ant. Iud. 19,37ff.; Suet. Cal. 56,1). Father-in-law of Titus [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Clemens, M. Cos. suff. 73, 83/84 AD Son of [1], related to the Flavians (Suet. Tit. 4.2; Tac. Hist. 4.68.2). Although he was a senator, Mucianus made him praef. praetorio in AD 70; cos. suff. in 73, consular governor of Tarraconensis (AE 194…

(Ἐπαφρόδιτος; Epaphróditos). [German version] [1] Freedman of Octavian Freedman of Octavian, who in the year 30 BC was supposed to keep Cleopatra from committing suicide, but was allegedly outwitted by the queen (Plut. Antonius 79,6; Cass. Dio 51,13,4f.). Kienast, Dietmar (Neu-Esting) Bibliography K. Kraft, KS 1, 1973, 38f. [German version] [2] Freedman of Nero Freedman of Nero, therefore Ti. Claudius Aug(usti) lib(ertus) E. by his full name. First accepted as an imperial freedman into the city of Rome's decuriae, i.a. apparitor Caesarum and viator tribunicius; later a libellis o…

Widespread plebeian gentilicium (ThlL 2,1482-87), which in ancient etymology is derived from Sabine and was derived via the older form Auselius from sol (sun) (Fest. p. 22; from this the modern derivation from the Sabine * ausel over Etruscan usil ‘Sun god’, cf. [1. 36; 2. 468]). The family attained noble status in the 1st Punic War with Aur. [3] and provides numerous consuls in the 2nd cent. BC from the branches of the Cottae, Orestae and Scauri. This, however, does not completely explain the building stages and assignment of various viae Aureliae in the 2nd cent. [3; 4]. The late R…

Italic personal name [1. 184, 359]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Nephew of C. Marius [I 1] Son of the sister of C. Marius [I 1], military tribune in the Cimbrian War in Gaul. When attempting to rape a young soldier, he was stabbed by the latter, but the perpetrator was acquitted by the military tribunal because he had been defending himself (Cic. Mil. 9 with Schol. Bobiensia 114 Stangl; Val. Max. 6,1,12; Plut. Marius 14,4-9). This acquittal was a popular theme in Roman rhetoric instruction (Cic. Inv. 2,124; Quint. Inst. 3,11,14 et passim). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imper…

[German version] [1] First spouse of M.  Antonius [I 9] Daughter of C. Antonius Hybrida, cousin and spouse of M.  Antonius [I 9], who divorced her in 47 BC under the pretext of adultery with P. Cornelius Dolabella (Cic. Phil. 2,99; Plut. Ant. 9,1-2). Stegmann, Helena (Bonn) [German version] [2] Daughter of A. [1] and of M.  Antonius [I 9], wife of Pythodorus of Tralleis Daughter of A. [1] and of M.  Antonius [I 9],  between 54 and 49 BC; already 44 engaged to the son of the triumvir Aemilius Lepidus, after the disintegration of this political union her f…

Italic nomen gentile. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A young friend of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato; in 46 BC he wanted to follow Cato into death, but allowed himself to be dissuaded by philosophical arguments (Plut. Cato Minor 65,10 f.; 66,6-8; 73,7). He then joined cause with M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, who, because of S.' attitude towards tyrannicide, did not dare let him in on the plot against Caesar. S. was killed in 42 as a scout at Philippi (Plut. Brutus 51,6). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., L. Roman equestrian and leading follower of Catilina (Cic. Cat. 3,6…

[German version] [1] Q. V. Equestrian, made procurator [1] of his stepson Claudius [II 24] Drusus by Augustus; later pro legato of Augustus in Germany; father of V. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography A. Balland, Fouilles de Xanthos, vol. 7, 1981, 81-98. [German version] [2] Q. V. Son of V. [1]. Senator; comes of Germanicus [2] in the East; carried out duties in Cappadocia, and was appointed its legate (Tac. Ann. 2,56,4). In the lawsuit against Calpurnius [II 16] Piso he was an insistent supporter of the theory that Ge…

[German version] Cos. suff. before 183, as he probably is identical to the curator aedium sacrarum in CIL VI 36874 (in 183 BC). If his proconsulate in Africa (Tert. Scap. 4,3) fell into the year 190/191 (ILAfr. 265 [1. 864ff.]), he was already suff. in about 175. After  Commodus' death, he as pontifex demanded the destruction of all his statues (SHA Comm. 20,3ff.). Executed by Septimius Severus (SHA Sev. 13,9; PIR2 C 735). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 C. Letta, in: Latomus 54, 1995.

[German version] [1] Mother of Cicero Mother of Cicero, never mentioned by him, described by his brother as a painstaking housewife (Cic. Fam. 16,26,2), led a blameless life (Plut. Cicero 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Wife of Seneca the Elder, 1st cent. AD Wife of Seneca the Elder whom she lost in AD 40 (Sen. Dial. 12,2,4; 19,4).  Seneca the Younger, one of her three sons, wrote for her in exile the consolatory discourse Ad Helviam. PIR2 H 78. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [3] Sister-in-law of Seneca the Elder, 1st cent. AD Elder sister of H. [2]. Her…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, probably from Caudium (CIL I2 1744 f.) and attested from the time of the 2nd Punic War. The branch of the Libones (S. [I 5-7; II 4-7]) attained the consulship with S. [I 7] and was part of the Roman high nobility in the early Imperial period. The Curiones (S. [I 1-4]), prominent in the 2nd and 1st cents. BC, disappeared with the Republic. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S. Curio, C. As aedile in 196 BC, he built the Temple of Faunus on the Tiber Island. Praetor urbanus in 183 and the second plebeian to be elected curio [2] maximus …

Name of an Italian gens, a variant of Pacuvius [1. 476]. [German version] [1] Paquuius Rufus, Q. Legate of M. Antonius in 42 BC Legate of M. Antonius [I 9] in 42 BC, he conducted a colony of veterans to Philippi (MRR 2, 366). P. was presumably from Verulae (cf. NSA 1922, 253f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Paquius Paquius Scaeva Senator in the Augustan Period From Histonium. He was presumably brought into the Senate by Octavian (Augustus). P.'s career, which is described in detail and reflects the still extant flexibility in the awarding of off…

[German version] [1] Senator of praetorian rank (1st half of the 1st cent. BC) Senator of praetorian rank entrusted by Germanicus with the construction of a fleet in AD 16 (Tac. Ann. 2,6,1); although the name has been queried [1] (PIR2 A 727). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Senator (1st half of the 1st cent. BC) Senator, banished and killed under Caligula (Jos. AJ 19,125; PIR2 A 728). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Son of [2], died 41 AD Son of [2], senator; after the murder of Caligula in 41 was killed by the latter's German bodyguard (Jos. AJ 19,125 f.); PIR2 A 729. Eck, W…

[German version] Wife of an important Ostian, A. Egrilius Rufus, and thus mother of the two senators M. Acilius Priscus Egrilius [1] Plarianus and A. Egrilius [2] Plarianus. For her possible second marriage see [1. 215ff.]. PIR2 P 447. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 C. Bruun, Zwei Priscillae aus Ostia und der Stammbaum der Egrilii, in: ZPE 102, 1994, 215-225.

[German version] Governor of the province of Egypt, which Augustus created in 30 BC after the taking of Alexandria [1]; the full official title was praefectus Alexandreae et Aegypti (Greek ἔπαρχος Αἰγύπτου/ éparchos Aigýptou, P.Oxy 237; ὁ τῆς Αἰγύπτου ἄρχων/ ho tȇs Aigýptou árchōn, Cass. Dio 54,51). The first incumbent was Cornelius [II 18] Gallus, an equestrian; he had three legions at his disposal. The political situation still uncertain, Octavian (Augustus) had him granted by lex 'the jurisdiction of a magistrate comparable to that of a proconsul'(Dig. 1,17,1: imperium ad simil…

[German version] Imperial freedman who performed the task of a libellis under Domitian. He participated in the plot against Domitian. His domus and his gardens are mentioned by Martial 8,68. His property became part of the imperial patrimonium. PIR2 E 66. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] Possibly daughter of Q. Marcius Philippus (cos. 281 BC) Possibly daughter of Q. Marcius [I 16] Philippus ( cos. 281 BC), wife of M. Atilius [I 21] Regulus, mother of two sons (Sil. Pun. 6,403-409; 576). As a widow she allegedly took revenge on two Carthaginians who had promised to protect her husband (Diod. Sic. 24,12; HRR I 144f. fr. 5). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Caesar According to Suet. Iul. 6,1 from the royal family of the Marcii Reges, grandmother of Caesar. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [3] Probably daughter of…

Commonly occurring cognomen (cf. PIR2 2, 145-147). [German version] [1] C. Friend of Ovid, c. 0 AD Friend of Ovid and of Aurelius Cotta Maximus; Ovid consoles Cotta on the death of C. (Pont. 1,9) [1. 90]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Eques from Alba Pompeia, c. 100 AD Eques from Alba Pompeia, admitted to the Senate by Trajan (CIL V 7153; PIR2 C 647). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Conspirator against Antoninus Pius (?), 2nd cent. AD Supposed conspirator against Antoninus Pius; fictitious letter in SHA Avid. Cass. 10,1. (PIR2 C 644). Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

[German version] [1] Mother-in-law to Ti. Sempronius Gracchus Wife of Ap. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 143 BC) and mother-in-law to Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. Ti. Gracch. 4,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] First wife of Pompey First wife of Pompey, who separated from her at Sulla's behest in 82 BC (Plut. Pomp. 4,9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Politta Daughter of L.  Antistius [II 12] Vetus (middle of the 1st cent. AD) Daughter of L.  Antistius [II 12] Vetus, and wife of Rubellius Plautus, who was banished to Asia for associ…