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Mnesimachus

(228 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Baumbach, Manuel (Zürich)
(Μνησίμαχος; Mnēsímachos). [German version] [1] Poet of Middle Comedy A comic poet whom both Athenaeus and the Suda attribute to Middle Comedy [1. test. 1, 2]. His name is on the victors' list of the Lenaean festival, immediately after Antiphanes [1. test. 3], and his creative period extends from the 360's into the  340's BC [2]. We still have the titles of seven of his plays: Ἀλκμαίων (or -έων), Βούσιρις, Δύσκολος, Ἱπποτρόφος, Ἰσθμιονίκης, Φαρμακοπώλης, Φίλιππος ( Alkmaíōn/éōn, Boúsiris, Dýskolos, Hippótrophos, Isthmioníkēs, Pharmakopṓlēs, Phílippos). By far the longest fra…

Sogenes

(36 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Σωγένης; Sōgénēs). Poet of New Comedy, reached the fifth rank at the Attic Dionysia in 183 BC with his play Φιλοδέσποτος ('His Master's Friend') [1]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG VII, 1989, 593.

Heniochus

(107 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Ἡνίοχος; Hēníochos). Writer of Middle Comedy, of whose work the Suda still mentions eight titles:Τροχίλος (‘Trochílos’), Ἐπίκληρος (‘The daughter heiress’), Γοργόνες (‘The Gorgons’), Πολυπράγμων (‘The Busybody’), Θωρύκιον (‘Thōrýkion’), Πολύευκτος (‘Polýeuktos’), Φιλέταιρος (‘Philhétairos’), Δὶς ἐξαπατώμενος (‘The Twice Deceived’) [1. test. 1]. Apart from the scanty remains of these plays preserved by Athenaeus (at least the dithyrambizing language of fr. 1 [2. 262] is noteworthy)…

Diocles

(2,746 words)

Author(s): Bloch, René (Berne) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Folkerts, Menso (Munich) | Et al.
(Διοκλῆς; Dioklês). [German version] [1] Hero in Megara Hero in Megara. He supposedly died in battle, bravely covering a youth with his shield. At his grave boys competed for who could give the sweetest kiss. This agon, which took place every spring, was called Dioclea (Schol. Pind. Ol. 7,157; 13,156a; Theoc. 12,27-33 with Schol.: Aition). Perhaps the kisses represented farewell kisses repeated in the cult of the hero ([1]; to the contrary [2]). According to Schol. Aristoph. Ach.774 the agon was founded…

Xenon

(849 words)

Author(s): Engels, Johannes (Cologne) | Cobet, Justus (Essen) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Baumbach, Manuel (Zürich) | Et al.
(Ξένων/ Xénōn). [German version] [1] From Athens, banker mentioned in Demosthenes, 4th cent. BC Athenian banker of the 4th cent. BC, witness in a lawsuit for property damage ( blábēs díkē ) against Phormion [2] c. 350/49 (Dem. Or. 36,13 and 37). Engels, Johannes (Cologne) Bibliography PA 11322  Traill, PAA 734715  A. R. W. Harrison, The Law of Athens, vol. 2, 1971, 116 f. [German version] [2] Tyrant of Hermione, second half of the 3rd cent. BC Tyrant of Hermion(e), one of the tyrants in the Peloponnese who under pressure from Aratus [2] after the death of the Macedon…

Dexicrates

(100 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Δεξικράτης; Dexikrátēs). Comedy writer of the 3rd cent. BC and hence belonging to the New Comedy if his name is correctly supplied on the epigraphical list of Lenaean victors [1. test. *2]. Ath. 3,124b cites two verses from the play Ὑφ' ἑαυτῶν πλανώμενοι (fr. 1); the Suda article is based on this passage, and the addition that D. was an Athenian was probably a conclusion drawn from this [1. test. 1]. A brief mention is also to be found in the work of the grammarian Herodian (fr. 2). Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG V, 1986, 16.

Philippides

(307 words)

Author(s): Engels, Johannes (Cologne) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
(Φιλιππίδης/ Philippídēs). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (2nd half of 4th cent. BC) Athenian, follower of Philip II (Philippus [4] II), mocked by the comic poets Alexis, Aristophon [4] and Menander [4] (Ath. 6,230c; 238c; 11,503a; 12,552d-f). After two convictions for proposing illegal measures, as charged by Hyperides in 336 BC or between 336 and 334, he was again prosecuted on such a charge ( paranómōn graphḗ ) for his proposal to grant honours to the próhedroi (Hyp. Or. 4), among whom Philip [4] II had been honoured. Engels, Johannes (Cologne) Bibliography J. Engels, Stu…

Cephisodorus

(622 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Dreyer, Boris (Göttingen) | Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) | Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald)
(Κηφισόδωρος; Kēphisódōros). [German version] [1] Writer of Old Comedy Poet of the Attic Old Comedy, for whom Lysias records a not further specified victory in 402 BC (Lys. or. 21,4) and whose name also appears on the list of winners at the Dionysia (after Nicophon and Theopompus) [1. test. 2; 3]. The titles of four pieces are transmitted (Ἀμαζόνες/‘The Amazons, Ἀντιλαΐς/‘Antilaïs, Τροφώνιος/‘Trophonius, Ὕς/‘Hys) as well as a total of 13 verses; the longest fragment of these contains five verses of a dia…

Demophilus

(250 words)

Author(s): Engels, Johannes (Cologne) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
(Δημόφιλος; Dēmóphilos). [German version] [1] Athenian orator, mid-4th cent. BC Athenian orator who, in 346/45 BC, proposed the scrutiny of citizen lists which resulted in loss of citizenship for many (Aeschin. In Tim. 77,86; Androtion FGrH 324 F 52 = Philochorus FGrH 328 F 52; Sch. Aeschin. In Tim. 77) [1; 2]. Engels, Johannes (Cologne) [German version] [2] Athenian prosecutor of Aristotle 323 BC Athenian, accused  Aristotle in 323 BC (Diog. Laert. 5,5; Ath. 696a) of asébeia,impiety, because of the hymn and epigram to Hermias of Atarneus (cf. [3]). D. was successful in…

Philetaerus

(662 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale)
(Φιλέταιρος; Philétairos). [German version] [1] Attic poet of the Middle Comedy, 4th cent. BC Attic poet of the Middle Comedy (1st half of 4th cent. BC), according to Dicaearchus, son of the comic poet Aristophanes [3] [1. test. 1; 2. 192], though this remains uncertain owing to some discrepancies in ancient tradition [3]. In the list of victors at the Lenaea, P. has two victories immediately after Anaxandrides and before Eubulus. Of the total of 21 pieces attributed to P. by the Suda [1. test. 1], the titles…

Diomedes

(1,079 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki) | Gatti, Paolo (Trento)
(Διομήδης; Diomḗdēs). [German version] [1] Cultic hero of the city of Argos Hero of the city of Argos in the Trojan War, as opposed to Agamemnon of Mycenae, the lord of north-eastern Argolis (Hom. Il. 2,559-568; cf. Il. 23,471f. [1; 2]). Son of Tydeus and Deipyle, the daughter of Adrastus. In his aristeia before Troy (Il. 5 and 6), he killed Pandarus, wounded Aphrodite when she tried to save Aeneas (Il. 5, 290-351), and later also wounded Ares (Il. 5, 825-863). As a friend of the family, he exchanged weapons with Glaucus the Lycian (on the side o…

Philippus

(7,662 words)

Author(s): Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) | Beck, Hans (Cologne) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Et al.
[German version] I Greek (Φίλιππος/ Phílippos). Macedonian kings P. [3-7], including P. [4] II, P. [7] V; the apostle and evangelist P. [28]; philosophers and poets P. [29-32]. [German version] [I 1] Spartan naval leader in 411 BC Spartiate, commander at Miletus in 412 BC (Thuc. 8,28,5), sent in 411 with two triremes to Aspendus to move, with the support of Tissaphernes, the Phoenician fleet to fight Athens (Thuc. 8,87), but soon told the naúarchos Mindarus that his mission would be unsuccessful (Thuc. 8,99; [1. 244]). Peloponnesian War Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) Bibliography 1 B. …

Nausicrates

(119 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Ναυσικράτης; Nausikrát ēs). Poet of Middle Comedy, in the list of the victors at the Lenaea he is mentioned two places after Antiphanes and two places ahead of Alexis with three victories [1. test. 2]. Athenaeus quotes short passages from N.'s pieces Ναύκληροι ( Naúklēroi) and Περσίς ( Persís), among them culinary riddles possibly by a cook (fr. 1) [2. 259]. In the excerpts in Herodian, N. is quoted as proof of a certain imperative form (εὕρηκε; fr. 3). The mention of a certain comic poet or actor with this name by the orator Aeschines probably also refers to N. [1. test. 3]. Hid…

Sosicrates

(61 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Σωσικράτης; Sōsikrátēs). Greek comic poet, attested exclusively in others' writings, by all appearances belonging to New Comedy. Pollux quotes three verses from the play Παρακαταθήκη ( Parakatathḗkē, 'The Pledge'), Athenaeus three from the Φιλάδελφοι ( Philádelphoi, 'The Fond Brothers'), Stobaeus two verses and the Suda the gloss ἀμφίας from unknown comedies [1]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG VII, 1989, 600-602.

Ameipsias

(106 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] Attic poet of the Old Comedy, from whose productions seven titles of works and some short fragments are still extant. A. achieved second place in the Dionysia in the year 423 BC, behind Cratinus and ahead of Aristophanes (first, ‘Clouds’) [1. test. 5a]. He likewise had the victory in 414 in the Dionysia ahead of Aristophanes (‘Birds’) and Phrynichus [1. 203] and was victorious a further time in the Dionysia as well as once in the Lenaea [1. test. 3,4]. In the opinion of his rival Aristophanes, A. was a coarse comedian [1. test. 6]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG II,…

Sosippus

(73 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Σώσιππος; Sṓsippos). Comic poet from an undetermined period, mentioned only in Athenaeus, who introduced a citation of 8 verses with the remark: Diphilus or S. says in his Ἀπολείπουσα ( The runaway) ... [1]. The fragment itself is more often ascribed to the better known Diphilus, particularly as his play of the same name is attested several times [2]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG VII, 1989, 608 2 PCG V, 1986, 58-61.

Sotades

(714 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Furley, William D. (Heidelberg)
(Σωτάδης/ Sōtádes). [German version] [1] Attic poet of the Middle Comedy, 4th cent. BC Attic poet of the Middle Comedy (4th cent. BC), explicitly referred to as such by Athenaeus and the Suda [1. test. 1.2]. Athenaeus quotes 35 verses from the play Ἐγκλειόμεναι/ Enkleiómenai (or -οι/- oi; 'The Incarcerated') in which a cook speaks at length about his skill of preparing fish (fr. 1). Furthermore, two verses from the Παραλυτρούμενος ( Paralytroúmenos, 'The Redeemed Prisoner'; fr. 3) were transmitted by Athenaeus (fr. 4) and in a commentary on Job five verses from an u…

Philonides

(298 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris)
(Φιλωνίδης; Philōnídēs). [German version] [1] Attic poet of Old Comedy Attic Old Comedy poet, father of the comic poet Nicochares [1. test. 1, 2]. The supplementation of his name on the list of victors at the Dionysia is insecure [1. test. 3]. Three play titles survive - Ἀπήνη ( Apḗnē / 'The Chariot'), Κόθορνοι ('The Cothurni'), Φιλέταιρος ( Philétairos / 'The Good Comrade') - as do 17 brief fragments, most from 'The Cothurni'. The play Προαγών ( Proagṓn / 'The Preliminary Contest'), sometimes attributed to P., is probably by Aristophanes, who had it produced under P.'s …

Demonicus

(55 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne)
[German version] (Δημόνικος; Dēmónikos). Writer of comedies of unknown date, perhaps the 4th cent. BC [1]. D. is only attested in Ath. 9,410c where four verses are quoted from the piece Ἀχελῶιος ( Achelôios) that describe hospitality extended to a voracious Boeotian (perhaps Hercules) (fr. 1). Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG V, 1986, 14.

Apollophanes

(252 words)

Author(s): Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki)
[German version] [1] Attic poet of the Old Comedy Attic poet of the Old Comedy, who according to the witness of Suda wrote five pieces (Δαλίς, Δανάη, Ἰφιγέπων, Κένταυροι, Κρῆτες; Dalís, Danáē, Iphigépōn, Kéntauroi, Krêtes; 1. test. 1), all of which are lost, except for a few remnants. On the inscription list of the Lenaean victors A. figures between Nicophon and Amipsias [1. test. 3]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography 1 PCG II, 1991, 518-523. [German version] [2] Personal physician of Antiochos III Son of A. of Seleucia, personal physician ( archiatros) and tropheus of Antiochus III;…
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